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1、1._n.灾难；灾害_adj.灾难性的2._n.&vt营救；救援；_n.营救人员3._vt.&vi.疏散；撤离_n.疏散；撤离4._n.死亡；_vi.死亡 _adj.死亡的_adj.致命的5._n.&vt.震惊；休克；（使）震惊_adj.令人震惊的_adj.感到震惊disasterdisastrousrescuerescuerevacuateevacuationdeathdiedeaddeadlyshockshockingshockednatural disaster 自然灾害自然灾害 a disastrous harvest/fire/result 严重歉收重歉收 火灾；灾火灾；灾难性的性的
2、结果果(同同义)catastrophe(n.)catastrophic(adj.)Police evacuated nearby buildings.警方已将附近大楼的居民疏散。警方已将附近大楼的居民疏散。dead body 尸体尸体 dead leaves/wood/skin 枯叶枯叶 木；死皮木；死皮a deadly weapon/disease 致命的武器致命的武器 疾病疾病6._n.电；电能_adj.与电有关的；带电的_adj.电子的_adj.带电的7._vt.&vi.呼吸_n.呼吸_adj.气喘吁吁的8._n.智慧、才智_adj.有智慧的9._vt.&vi.遭受_n.痛苦；受难10.
3、_n.火山_adj.火山的；猛烈的11._vt.&vi.（火山）爆发；(岩浆)喷发_n.（火山）爆发electricityelectricelectronicelectricalbreathebreathbreathlesswisdomwisesuffersufferingvolcanovolcanicerupteruptionelectric shock 触电触电electronic products/equipment 电子产品电子产品/设备设备electrical appliance 电器电器 out of breath 上气不接下气上气不接下气take a deep breath 深呼
4、吸深呼吸volcanic eruption 火山爆发火山爆发12._n.&vt.供应；补给；补给品_n.供应商13._vt.&vi.生存；幸存；存活_n.生存；幸存；存活_n.幸存者；生存者14._n.电力供应；能量；控制力；能力；权力_adj.有能量的；强大的_adj.无力的；无效的15._n.出现，显现；崭露头角_adj.新兴的16._adj.镇静的；沉着的 _n.镇静；沉着；冷静supplysuppliersurvivesurvivalsurvivorpowerpowerfulpowerlessemergenceemergentcalmcalmness区分区分emergency n.紧急
5、情况紧急情况urgent adj.紧紧急的；急的；紧紧迫的；迫切的迫的；迫切的 urgency n.紧紧急，迫切；迫切需要；急，迫切；迫切需要；紧紧急的事急的事emergent nations/states 新新兴民族民族 国家国家survive the earthquake 在地震中幸存下来在地震中幸存下来17._n.&vt.&vi.袭击；突击；击打；罢工；罢课_（过去式）_（过去分词）_adj.显著的；吸引人的_n.罢工者18._vt.&vi.递送；传达；发表_n.快递；递送；传达；转让；分娩19._vt.影响；结果；效果_n.影响；感情；喜爱20._n.影响；结果；效果_adj.有效的；
6、有影响力的21._adj.长的_n.长度_vt.&vi.加长；变长strikestruckstricken/struckstrikingstrikerdeliverdeliveryaffectaffectioneffecteffectivelonglengthlengthen区分：区分：stick v.粘，贴；卡住，钉住粘，贴；卡住，钉住（stick to 坚持）坚持）stick-stuck-stuck get stuck 被卡住被卡住 n.棒子；棍子；枝条棒子；棍子；枝条 sticky adj.sticky notes 便利贴便利贴stricken adj.受灾的，患病的，受困受灾的，患病的
7、，受困扰的；（的；（脸或表情）非常悲痛的，极其或表情）非常悲痛的，极其忧伤的的earthquake-stricken area 震灾区震灾区flood-stricken area 洪灾区洪灾区drought-stircken area 旱灾区旱灾区poverty-stricken area 贫困区贫困区go on a strike 罢工罢工deliver sth.to sb.派送派送deliver a speech 发表演讲发表演讲deliver a baby 助产；接生助产；接生 be delivered of a baby=give birth to a baby 分娩；生产分娩；生产ha
8、ve an affection for 深爱深爱.1._ 谈及；指的是谈及；指的是 2._ 确保确保3._ 和往常一样和往常一样 4._ 消灭，彻底消除消灭，彻底消除5._ 仿佛仿佛 6._ 成为废墟成为废墟7._ 露天，在户外露天，在户外8._ 震惊震惊9._ 经历经历10._ 遭受遭受11._寻找寻找 12._ 日日夜夜日日夜夜13._被困在被困在中中14._ 埋头于埋头于15._现有（尤指帮助）现有（尤指帮助）16._急救箱急救箱refer tomake sureas usualsweep awayas if/thoughlie in ruinsin shockin the open a
9、irsuffer fromgo throughday and nightsearch forbe trapped inbe buried inon handfirst aid kitrefer to as 指的是指的是=be in search of get through 通通过过；到达；做完；接通；到达；做完；接通电话电话；度；度过过，熬，熬过过(困困难时难时期等期等)表示表示“专心于；致力于专心于；致力于”的短语还有：的短语还有：(1)be devoted to；(2)be lost in；(3)be engaged in；(4)be absorbed in；(5)focus/conce
10、ntrate on Strange things happened in the countryside of northeastern Hebei.The well walls had deep cracks.Some 1._(smell)gas came out of them.Chickens and even pigs were too nervous 2._(eat).At 3:42 3._ the morning of July 28,1976,everything began to shake.4._ seemed as if the world were coming to a
11、n end.Steam burst from holes in the ground and hard hills of rock became rivers of dirt.In less than one minute,the whole city lay in 5._(ruin).smellyto eatonItruins空气中荡漾着山和海的芬芳气息。_.The air was fragrant with scents from the sea and the hills.Two thirds of people died or were 6._(injure).Everything i
12、n the city was destroyed.People were 7._(shock)at this and wondered how long the disaster would last.The army organized teams to dig out those 8._ were trapped and to bury the dead.Workers built shelters for 9._(survive).Fresh water was taken to the city.Slowly,the city began to breathe again.With s
13、trong support from the government and the tireless efforts of the citys people,a new Tangshan 10._(build)upon the earthquake ruins.injuredshockedwhosurvivorswas built 返回导航返回导航 下一页下一页上一页上一页“as if.”意为意为“似乎似乎/好像好像”(教教材材P50)It seemed as if the world were coming to an end！仿仿佛佛世世界界末日即将来临末日即将来临！返回导航返回导航 下一
14、页下一页上一页上一页佳佳句句背背诵诵 Some people,on losing a job,may feel as if it were the end of the world.有些人一失去工作，就觉得好像到了世界末日似的。有些人一失去工作，就觉得好像到了世界末日似的。名名师师点点津津 如如果果as if引引导导的的从从句句是是“主主语语系系动动词词”结结构构，可可省省略略主主语语和和系系动动词词，这这样样as if后后就就只只剩剩下下名名词词、不不定定式式、形形容容词词(短短语语)或或动动词词-ing形式形式。返回导航返回导航 下一页下一页上一页上一页先练会先练会单句语法填空单句语法填空
15、The kids are very friendly with her and even look up to her as if she _(be)their own mother.Jack wasnt saying anything but the teacher smiled at him as if he _(do)something very clever.He opened his mouth as if _(say)something important.werehad doneto say 返回导航返回导航 下一页下一页上一页上一页再写美再写美微写作微写作(2021浙浙江江卷卷
16、6月月读读后后续续写写)一一靠靠近近房房子子的的时时候候，我我注注意意到到我我的的爸爸爸爸妈妈站在那辆旧卡车旁边妈妈站在那辆旧卡车旁边，一脸悲伤。一脸悲伤。好像发生了什么不愉快的事情。好像发生了什么不愉快的事情。Upon approaching the house,I noticed my dad and mom standing beside the old truck,looking sad._背诵点背诵点读后续写之消极场景读后续写之消极场景/心情描写心情描写It seemed as if something unpleasant happened.The most powerful ea
17、rthquake in the past 40 years caused a tsunami that crashed into coastlines across Asia yesterday,_（导致6500多人遇难）in Indonesia,India,Thailand,Malaysia,and at least four other countries.Fishermen,tourists,hotels,homes,and cars _（被巨浪卷走）caused by the strong earthquake that reached a magnitude of 9.0.The u
18、ndersea quake _(发生在周 日 上 午 7点 左 右)off the west coast of Indonesias Sumatra Island._（仅在该区域）,at least 1,870 people were killed.killing more than 6,500 peoplewere swept away by huge wavesstruck around 7：00 am.,Sunday In that area alonesweepsweptswept In southern Thailand,1,900 people were hurt and many
19、 more were missing,local officials said.“_（我和三个孩子正在吃早餐，这时家里开始灌水）.We had to leave everything and run to safety，”said Chandra Theeravit,a local Thai woman.Thousands of people are still missing,and _(预计死亡人数还会增加)over the next few days.Foreign aid is being organised for the _(遭受海啸袭击的国家).However,dangerous
20、 conditions and damaged roads _（将使运输事物和物资变得困难.I was having breakfast with my three children when water started filling my homethe number of deaths is expected to tsunamihit countrieswill make it difficult to deliver food and suppliesgrow even higherbe doing.when.正在做某事，此时正在做某事，此时.had done sth.when.刚做
21、完某事，此时刚做完某事，此时.be about to do.when.正准备要做某事，此时正准备要做某事，此时.（一）、定义1在主从复合句中，对某一名词名词或代词代词起修饰作用的从句叫作定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫作先行词先行词，引导定语从句的词叫作关系词关系词。2关系词分为关系代关系代词词(that、which、who、whom、whose、as)和关系副词关系副词(when、where、why)两类。（二）、关系代词的基本用法1who指人，在定语从句中可以作主语、宾语或表语。指人，在定语从句中可以作主语、宾语或表语。The number of people who were killed
22、 in the disaster was over 100.(作主语)在那次灾难中丧生的人数超过了100。Danny was a man who we rescued from the ruins.(作宾语)丹尼是我们从废墟中救出来的一个人。2whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语，可以省略，也可以用指人，在定语从句中作宾语，可以省略，也可以用who代替。代替。Id really like to find a friend whom/who I can trust completely.(作宾语)我很想找一个可以完全信任的朋友。There are many people with whom you
23、can share your feelings.(作宾语)你可以与许多人分享自己的感受。3whose既可以指人，也可以指物，表示既可以指人，也可以指物，表示“所属所属”关系，在定语从句中作定语。关系，在定语从句中作定语。Any student whose family is too poor to go to school can get help from the government.(修饰人)任何由于家境贫寒而上不起学的学生都可以得到政府的帮助。He lives in a room whose window faces north.(修饰物)他住在一个窗户朝北的房间里。【点津】(1)关系
24、代关系代词whom在口在口语或非正式文体中常可用或非正式文体中常可用who/that来代替。来代替。The boy(who/whom/that)we saw yesterday is Johns brother.昨天我们看到的那个男孩是约翰的哥哥。(2)在定在定语从句中作介从句中作介词的的宾语且直接跟在介且直接跟在介词后后时，用，用whom，不用，不用who。The man to whom you spoke just now is a relative of mine.刚才和你说话的那个男人是我的一个亲戚。4which指物，在定指物，在定语语从句中作主从句中作主语语或或宾语宾语，作，作宾语时
25、宾语时可以省略。可以省略。Everywhere I saw，there were buildings which had been destroyed by the earthquake.(作主语)我看到到处都是被地震毁掉的建筑。The gold medal(which)she won has been given to her old school.(作宾语)她获得的那块金牌已经被送给她的母校了。This is the house in which I once lived.(作介词in的宾语)这是我曾经住过的房子。5that既可以指人，也可以指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾既可以
26、指人，也可以指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时可以省略。习惯上指人多用语时可以省略。习惯上指人多用who、whom，指物多用，指物多用which。This is the novel that interests me.(指物，作主语)这就是让我感兴趣的那本小说。The magazine(that)I bought yesterday is lost.(指物，作宾语)我昨天买的那本杂志丢了。The number of people that/who come to visit this city each year reaches one million.(that指人，作主语)每年
27、来参观这座城市的人数达100万。【点津】关系代关系代词指代先行指代先行词在定在定语从句中充当主从句中充当主语、宾语、定、定语或表或表语，因此，因此定定语从句中不能再出从句中不能再出现关系代关系代词所替代的名所替代的名词或代或代词。昨天晚上我们看的那部电影非常吓人。误The film(that/which)we saw it last night was very frightening.正The film(that/which)we saw last night was very frightening.（三）、关系代词只能用that而不用which的情况1当先行词为当先行词为all、ever
28、ything、nothing、anything、much等不定代词时。等不定代词时。Have you taken down everything(that)Mr Li said?李老师讲的你都记下来了吗？All that can be done has been done.所有能做的都已经做了。2当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。The first place(that)they visited in London was the Big Ben.他们在伦敦参观的第一个地方是大本钟。This is the most delicious food(tha
29、t)I have ever had.这是我吃过的最美味可口的食物。3当先行词被当先行词被all、every、no、the only、the very、the last等修饰时。等修饰时。Ive read all the books that are not mine.所有那些不属于我的书我都已经读完了。The only thing(that)she could do was to go to the police for help.她唯一能做的事就是去求助警察。I have found the very pen(that)I lost yesterday.我已经找到昨天丢的那支钢笔了。4当先行
30、词既指人又指物时。当先行词既指人又指物时。We often talk about the persons and things(that)we remember.我们常常谈起我们记得的那些人和事。1.He is a man _ means what he says.他是一个说话算话的人。2.To be frank,I dont like the movie _ you recommend to me yesterday.老实说，你昨天推荐给我的那部电影我不喜欢。3.Is there anyone in your department _ father is a teacher?你们系有父亲是老
31、师的人吗？4.Do you have anything _ you want to say?你有什么要说的吗？5.Do you know the things and persons _ they are talking about?你知道他们正在谈论的人和事吗？who/thatwhich/thatwhosethatthat6.We paid a visit to the museum _ was built three hundred years ago.我们去参观了那个三百年前建立的博物馆。7.Do you know the man _ our headmaster is talking
32、with over there?你认识那边正在和我们校长谈话的人吗？8.I still remember the day _ we met.我仍记得我们见面的那一天。9.I still remember the day _ we spent together.这是他两年前住的房子。10.This is the factory _ we visited yesterday.这是我们昨天参观的工厂。which/thatwhom/that/whowhenwhich/thatwhich/that11.This is the factory _ my father works.这是我父亲工作的工厂。12
33、.This is the reason _ he went away.这就是他离开的原因。13.This is the reason _ he gave me.这就是他给我的原因。14.What is the first American movie _ you have seen?你看过的第一部美国电影是什么？15.This is the most interesting film _ Ive ever seen.这是我看过最有趣的电影。16.This is the biggest factory _ his father has worked.这是我父亲工作过的最大的工厂。wherewhy
34、which/thatthatthatwhere1.【2020全国卷全国卷语法填空】语法填空】In ancient China lived an artist _ paintings were almost lifelike.2.【2020新高考全国卷新高考全国卷语法填空】语法填空】The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane,for example,formed the core collection of the British Museum _opened in 1759.3.【2019全国卷全国卷语法填空】语法填空】Now Irene A
35、stbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield,_ she opened with her late husband Les.4.【2019全国卷全国卷语法填空】语法填空】They were well trained by their masters_ had great experience with caring for these animals.5.【2019浙江卷浙江卷6月语法填空】月语法填空】On the edge of the jacket,there is a piece of cloth _
36、gives off light in the dark.whosewhich/thatwhichwho/thatwhich/that6.【2018全国卷全国卷语法填空】语法填空】Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 _ showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all causes.7.【2018全国卷全国卷语法填空】语法填空】
37、The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005 when the government started a soiltesting program _ gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers and 2011,fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.8.【2018浙江卷浙江卷6月语法填空】月语法填空】Many westerners _ come to China cook much less than in th
38、eir own countries once they realize how cheap it can be to eat out.which/thatwhich/thatwho/that9.【2017全国卷全国卷语法填空】语法填空】But Sarah,_ has taken part in shows along with top models,wants to prove that she has brains as well as beauty.10.【2017浙江卷语法填空】浙江卷语法填空】Pahlsson and her husband now think the ring pro
39、bably got swept into a pile of kitchen rubbish and was spread over the garden,_ it remained until the carrots leafy top accidentally sprouted(生长)through it.whowhere 返回导航返回导航 下一页下一页上一页上一页.语法填空语法填空(2022大大连连高高三三质质检检)Covering 7 million square kilometers of jungle and the river over eight countries,the A
40、mazon rainforest is home to millions of sorts of plants and animals,some of 1._ are still being discovered today.Its also the worlds 2._(large)supplier of oxygen and is a treasure chest of medical 3._(researcher)who are experimenting with different plants in the hope of finding cures for certain dis
41、eases.4._，the world is at the risk of losing this rich rainforest because of deforestation(滥滥伐伐森森林林)5._(cause)by the actions of farmers,loggers and settlers.whichlargestresearchersHowevercaused 返回导航返回导航 下一页下一页上一页上一页The Amazon Basin 6._(lose)20%of its rainforest since 1970.Cattle farmers have 7._(con
42、tinuous)cleared the land for cows 8._(eat)on and crop farmers have begun slash and burn(刀刀耕耕火火种种),a farming method that involves cutting down forests and burning the land to make 9._ suitable for agricultural purposes.Loggers have been cutting down the trees for timber(木材木材),further decreasing its s
43、ize.has lostcontinuouslyto eatit 返回导航返回导航 下一页下一页上一页上一页With the destruction of the Amazon rainforest,global warming becomes more of a threat.It is up to each individual to fight against the 10._(disappear)of the Amazon rainforest by making the world know something about this environmental disaster.【解
44、解题题导导语语】本本文文是是一一篇篇说说明明文文。被被称称为为“地地球球之之肺肺”“”“绿绿色色心脏心脏”的亚马孙雨林因砍伐和开荒而遭到破坏的亚马孙雨林因砍伐和开荒而遭到破坏。disappearance 2019年6月17日四川宜宾市长宁县发生了6.0级地震，某英文报近日发起关于灾区新貌的征文活动。请以“Great Changes”为题，用英语写一篇短文应征。内容要点如下：1.某中学灾后三年来的变化，如教学与活动场所，以及师生精神面貌等；2.发生变化的原因；3.你的感谢。Great Changes I am deeply impressed by the great changes that
45、have taken place in the school over the past three years.On June 17,2019,a severe earthquake destroyed almost everything in the school,leaving badly-damaged buildings.（交代背景）It is now,however,taking on a new look.Tall buildings have been put up,including classroom and laboratory buildings,and a libra
46、ry.There is also a newly built standard playground.In the new environment,teachers and students are living happily and working hard.（灾后新变化）It is really amazing that the once ruined place has now been turned into a beautiful school,full of life.Obviously,without the help of the whole society,there wo
47、uld be no new school today.It is love and concern that have brought the great changes.（发生变化的原因）Many hands make light work.We can work wonders if we continue as a family,caring for each other and helping those in need.Union is strength.（你的感想）假定你是李华，上周五你校举办了主题为“预防森林火灾”的校园活动。请你为校英语报写一篇报道，内容包括：1参加人员；2活动
48、内容：观看短片、制作黑板报；3活动反响。注意：1.词数80左右；2可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。Last Friday,our school held an activity about forest fire prevention.Over 500 teachers and students took part.First,we watched several short videos about how forest fires start,how dangerous they can be and what to do to prevent them.Then,each class d
49、esigned their own blackboard newspaper showing the dangers of forest fires and actions we should take in our daily life to prevent forest fires.（活动内容）The students thought the activity was meaningful because it let them realize forest fires can be deadly but they can do something to prevent and contr
50、ol them.（活动反响）(1)a great shock to sb.对某人来说是极大的震惊 cultural shock文化冲突 in shock 震惊；吃惊(2)shocked （adj.）震惊的；惊讶的 be shocked at/by.对吃惊 be shocked to do sth.做某事很吃惊先练会单句语法填空Looking at the house which lay in ruins _ shock,he called 911 immediately to rescue the injured people who were trapped.All of us were _