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1、初三英语动词不定式人教版朗文【同步教育信息】一. 本周教学内容： 复习动词不定式作表语、宾语、宾语补足语、状语和作定语。一. 动词不定式放在谓语动词be后面就是作表语。 e.g. Our duty is to study hard for the people. 连系动词 作表语 Her wish is to become a teacher. 她的愿望是成为一名教师。（作表语） 所以不定式作表语的结构是： 谓语动词be+ to do The most important thing is to practise speaking English as often as possible. 尽
2、可能经常练习讲英语是最重要的。二. 动词不定式在及物动词后面就是作宾语。我们已经学过的动词有：want, wish, hope, agree, plan, try, start, begin, decide, learn, like, know, help等等。 e.g. Mrs Li wants to take these books to the office. 李老师想把这些书带到办公室去。 I like to play computer games in my free time. 我喜欢在业余时间玩电子游戏。 重点：有些及物动词后面还可以跟带有疑问代词（what, which, wh
3、o, whose等）或疑问副词（how, why, where, when等）的不定式作宾语。 e.g. Sam didnt know which book to choose. 山姆不知道该选择哪一本书。 The teacher couldnt decide when to have a quiz. 老师不能决定什么时候进行测试。 注意： A. 只有及物动词后面的不定式才叫不定式作宾语，而不及物动词后面的不定式叫作状语。 e.g. Linda decided to learn a second foreign language. 琳达决定学另外一种外国语。 decide是及物动词，to le
4、arn 是不定式作宾语。 The students often go to see Uncle Wang. go是不及物动词，to see是不定式作目的状语。 B. 如果有疑问词，必须放在不定式之前。 e.g. Mary doesnt know what to do next. 玛丽不知道下一步该干什么。 Did anyone tell you when to have a sports meeting? 有人告诉你什么时间开运动会了吗？ C. it作形式宾语，真正的宾语to do sth. 放在后面，请记住这个句型，think /find + it + adj. + to do sth. e
5、.g. I find it difficult to understand him. 我发现很难理解他。 Mother thinks it important to master English. 母亲认为掌握英语很重要。 The child found it very hard to get to the top of the mountain. 孩子发现到达山顶很难。三. 动词不定式作宾语补足语的结构是：谓语动词加宾语（名词或代词），再跟一个不定式，形成一个复合结构。 e.g. tell sb. to do sth. 告诉某人做某事 ask sb. to do sth. 请某人做某事 wi
6、sh sb. to do sth. 希望某人做某事 would like sb. to do sth. 愿意某人做某事 teach sb. to do sth. 教某人做某事 order sb. to do sth. 命令某人做某事 动词不定式的否定形式是在不定式前加not. e.g. tell sb. not to do sth. 告诉/叫某人不要做某事 The policeman told the boys not to play in the street. 警察叫男孩们别在街上玩。 这种结构中还可以有疑问代词或疑问副词。 e.g. teach sb how to do sth. Mr
7、Pope taught Lina how to use the washing machine. tell sb. where / how / when to do sth. Malcolm told Susan where to get some coffee. 注意：不带to的不定式作宾语补足语的情况有： A. 在感官动词，see, hear, watch, feel, notice等后面。 B. 在使役动词，make, let, have等后面作宾补的不定式不能加to. 记住： see sb. do sth. 看见某人做某事 hear sb. do sth. 听见某人做某事 watch
8、sb. do sth. 观察某人做某事 feel sb. do sth. 感觉/觉察某人做某事 make sb. do sth. 迫使某人做某事 let / have sb. do sth.让某人做某事（没有被动语态） 遇到这类句子变成被动语态时，一定要加to千万不可忘记。 be made to do sth. be seen / heard to do sth. e.g. People often hear the girl sing in the concert. The girl is often heard to sing in the concert （by people） Mrs
9、Black made Jack do more exercises. Jack was made to do more exercises by Mrs Black. A middle-aged man was seen to go into the office. 有人看见一个中年男人进入办公室。四. 动词不定式作状语可以表示目的，结果和原因。 e.g. She went to choose a Christmas present last week. 上周她去选择圣诞礼物。（表示目的） Judy took a taxi in order to get to the airport in t
10、ime. 朱娣乘出租车为的是及时赶到飞机场。（表示目的） He is old enough to join the army. 他已到了参军的年龄。（表示结果） Grandpa is too tired to go on working. 爷爷年龄太大不能继续工作了。（表示结果） Im glad to see my friends again. 再见到朋友们我很高兴。（表示原因） Sorry to hear that Ben is ill. 听到本生病了很伤心。（表示原因）重点应当记住： 1. 表示目的状语的不定式有两种： A. 不及物动词后面跟状语。 e.g. Kevin came to t
11、ell us the bad news. 凯文来是为了告诉我们这个坏消息。 及物动词后面的不定式作宾语。 We wish to have a happy holiday. 我们希望过个愉快的假期。 B. to do sth. / in order to do sth. 是“为了做某事” 否定形式in order not to do sth. e.g. In order to get to school early, he got up at 6 oclock this morning. 今天早晨为了早到校，他六点钟就起床了。 We should go over the exercises no
12、t to make the same mistake. 为了不犯同样的错误，我们应该检查一下这些练习。 2. 记住两个表示结果状语的动词不定式短语。 enough to do 足够做某事 The city hall is not large enough to hold thousands of people. 市政厅太小/不够宽大，容纳不下几千人。 too to do 太（以致不能）做某事 Its never too old to learn. 活到老，学到老。 3. 表示原因的不定式作状语的结构是：be + adj. + to do 常用的形容词有：sorry, happy, sad, g
13、lad, pleased, lucky, surprised, able, eager, angry, ready, clever, foolish, wrong, right等等。 e.g. Kate is surprised to hear the good news. 听到这个好消息Kate很惊奇。 Lily is sorry to be late. 莉莉迟到很抱歉。 You are clever to solve the difficult problem. 解决这个难题你真是太聪明了。 注意：动词不定式作宾语与动词不定式作状语的区别： 1. 及物动词后面的是不定式作宾语 e.g. I
14、 want to learn Russian. to learn Russian 在及物动词want后面作宾语。 2. 从上面的例句中可以看出及物动词want后面如果没有to learn Russian，句子意思则不完整，表明to learn在及物动词后面不可省略。 3. 不及物动词后面的是不定式作目的状语。 e.g. He came to help me yesterday. 不定式to help me在不及物动词后面表示came的目的，作状语。 从上面的例句可以看出，如果只写He came句子成立，意思完整，说明to help me不是必不可缺的。 句型转换： A. enough to d
15、o 与so that（can do）表示结果状语从句之间可以进行句型转换。 e.g. Mr Derham is tall enough to reach the apples on the tree. Mr Deaham is so tall that he can reach the apples on the tree. Nasi spoke slowly enough for the children to under stand. Nasi spoke so slowly that the children could understand . Nasi说得慢为的是孩子们能懂。 B.
16、tooto do 与sothatcant do表示结果状语从句之间的句型转换。 e.g. The old man was too tired to walk any further. The old man was so tired that he couldnt walk any further. 老人太累了，以致走不动了。 C. in order to do 与so that （an）表示目的状语从句之间句型的转换。 e.g. I got up early in order to catch the first bus. I got up early so that I could cat
17、ch the first bus. 我早起为的是赶上第一班公共汽车。五. 动词不定式可以用作定语。 不定式有形容词的作用，在句子中作定语，修饰名词或者代词。动词不定式放在所修饰的名词或者代词之后。表示“要（做某事）”“的” （放在名词之后） 我有许多家务要做。 你想吃些东西吗？/你想要点吃的东西吗？（放在代词之后） 切记：用作定语的动词不定式一定要放在所修饰的名词之后。 Jane总是第一个完成作业。 而单个的名词，代词、数词、形容词用作定语一般放在所修饰的名词之前。 介词短语、副词，不定式（短语）放在所修饰的名词之后。注意两个要点： 1. 必须是在所修饰的名词之后的才是不定式作定语。 韩梅是第
18、二个到校的学生。 We have something to read. 我们有些要看的书。 2. 如果不定式中的动词是不及物动词，或者被修饰的名词是不定式动词的地点、工具等，不定式动词后面应该有必须的介词。 e.g. There is only a small room to live in. （to live in the room） There is nothing to worry about. 没什么可担心的。 （to worry about）【模拟试题】I. 单项选择： 1. Its a nice place _. A. for visitB. to visit C. visitD.
19、 to visited 2. The family has four children _. A. to look outB. to look C. to look afterD. to take 3. The poem is _ learn by heart. A. enough long to B. too long for us to not C. too long for us not to D. too long for us to 4. He opened the window _ the fresh air in. A. to letB. to catch C. to takeD
20、. to made 5. The man drove _ the tree. A. fast enough that he knocked on B. so fast that he knocked on C. so fast that he knocked D. so fast to knock 6. Jim told him _ any more. A. to lieB. not lie C. not to lieD. didnt lie 7. You must watch the workers _ the machine carefully. A. to openB. operated
21、 C. to operateD. operate 8. The foreigner wants _ to the zoo. A. to know how to go B. to know how go C. to know to go how D. to know how going 9. Dont forget _ your sister here next time. A. bringB. to bring C. broughtD. to take 10. My idea is _. A. to have him to do it B. help you with you Chinese
22、C. to let Wu do it by himself D. to write it by French. II. 根据句意用方框内所给词组的适当形式填空。make, write to, build, not change ones mind, helpwith, teach, use, have to, clean, so that 1. The windows of the room _ by the children two days ago. 2. He runs _ fast _ we cant catch up with him. 3. She is not here. She
23、 _ her brother _ his lessons. 4. You _, have you? 5. He _ you as soon as he gets there. 6. He cant go to play because he _ finish his homework first. 7. The building near the school must _ in half a year. 8. Li Lin asked who _ you English last term. 9. There is something wrong with it. Please stop _
24、 it. 10. “Would you like to go out with me? ” “No, I have a shirt _. ”II. 补全对话： A: （Outside the school gate） Hello! My name is Wang Li. Im here to meet you. B: Hello! 1 . Wang Li. My name is Bill Smith. 2 A: Glad to meet you, too. Bill. Are you from America? B: No. 3 . A: Welcome to our school, Bill
25、. B: 4 . A: Its a pleasure to be able to welcome a student from Canada. Let me help you carry the bags. B: 5 . A: You are welcome. IV. 根据中文提示和英文词语翻译句子。 1. 小树应经常浇水，他们才能长得好。 _, then they can grow well. 2. 在我们国家老年人应该受到良好的照顾。 _ in our country. 3. 这种杯子是用来喝酒的。 This kind of cup _. 4. 因为爸爸妈妈都不懂英文，所以他们决定学英语。
26、 _, so they decided to learn English. 5. 马克吐温是世界上著名作家之一。 Mark Twain was _ in the world. 6. 当足球迷们看到贝克汉姆时，他们变得如此激动，以至于喊着他的名字。 When the football fans saw Beckham, they got _ they shouted his name. V. 完形填空： Dumas（大仲马）lived in Paris. He was a famous 1 writer. 2 people know him and like his works（著作）. Onc
27、e he was asked to visit Moscow. He had been to some museums and places of interest there, he was very happy because the Russians gave 3 a warm welcome. One afternoon the writer decided to go to the biggest 4 in the city. The shopkeeper was told about it. He wanted to make the writer happy. So he tol
28、d his men to 5 the works of the other writers and put Dumas works on all the 6 Soon the writer came and began to 7 the books in the shop. But he 8 there were only his works there. He 9 strange and asked “ 10 are the other writers works, sir? ” Of course the shopkeeper 11 tell the truth. But he didnt
29、 know 12 to say. In a hurry he said, “Theirs have been sold out, sir. ” 1. A. RussianB. AmericanC. FrenchD. British 2. A. MuchB. FewC. A lot ofD. Little 3. A. to himB. herC. for himD. him 4. A. bookstoreB. shoes storeC. clothes storeD. cap store 5. A. take awayB. take outC. take offD. take care of 6
30、. A. desksB. tablesC. shelvesD. chairs 7. A. look forB. watchC. seeD. read 8. A. was sorryB. readC. thoughtD. found 9. A. feelsB. is feelingC. feltD. had felt 10. A. WhereB. WhatC. WhenD. Who 11. A. couldB. could notC. mightD. might not 12. A. howB. whatC. whoD. whenVI. 阅读理解 At the beginning of the
31、century there was a farm near Los Angeles in California. It was called Hollywood Ranch（牧场）. A few years later Hollywood was one of the famous places in the world. From the 1910s to the 1950s Hollywood was the film centre of the world. Every family knew the names of its film starsCharles Chaplin, Gre
32、ta Carbo, Ingrid Bergman, and hundreds more. Why did people go to Hollywood to make films? The reason was the sun. At first people made films in New York at the east land by the sea of the United States. But then they heard about Los Angeles. There are 350 days of sun ever year. As they made all the
33、 films by sunlight, the west land by the sea was a much better place to work. Also near Hollywood you can find mountains and sea and forest. They did not have to travel far to make any kind of film. The first films were pictures without sound. Today we still watch this kind of plays by Charles Chapl
34、in. In the late 1920s came the“talkies”, you could hear the people speaking and listen to the music. Today television became popular. People no longer went to the cinema. So Hollywood started making films for television. Then in the 1970s they found that people still went to the cinema to see big ex
35、pensive films such as True Lies, or Gone with the Wind. After seventy years they are still making films in Hollywood and people watch them all over the world. 1. Hollywood is _. A. in the centre of New York B. near Los Angles in California C. at the east land by sea of USA D. far from California 2.
36、Hollywood is famous because _. A. it is a beautiful place with mountains B. it is by the sea C. it is the most important film centre in the world D. it is usually sunny 3. People went to Hollywood to make films mainly because of the _. A. seaB. mountains C. forestD. sun 4. Talkies mean _. A. first f
37、ilm without sound B. moving pictures with sounds and words C. films for television D. big expensive films 5. Which of the following is true? A. Hollywood makes big expensive films and films for TV B. Hollywood makes films for TV only. C. Hollywood makes neither big expensive films nor films for TV.
38、D. Hollywood never makes films for television. 试题答案I. 1. B2. C3. D4. A5. B 6. C7. D8. A9. B10. AII. 1. was cleaned 2. so that 3. is helping 4. havent changed your mind 5. will write to 6. has to 7. be built 8. taught 9. using 10. to washIII. 1. very glad to meet you. 2. Please call me Bill 3. Im fro
39、m Canada. 4. Thank you for coming to meet me. 5. Thanks a lot IV. 1. The young trees should be watered often 2. The elder people are taken good care of 3. is used for drinking wine 4. Neither my father nor my mother knows English 5. one of the famous writes 6. so excited thatV. 1. C2. C3. D4. A5. A 6. C7. D8. D9. C10. A 11. B12. BVI. 1. B2. C3. D4. B5.A