《九年级英语单选解题特点对策人教版(朗文)知识精讲 试题.doc》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《九年级英语单选解题特点对策人教版(朗文)知识精讲 试题.doc（16页珍藏版）》请在taowenge.com淘文阁网|工程机械CAD图纸|机械工程制图|CAD装配图下载|SolidWorks_CaTia_CAD_UG_PROE_设计图分享下载上搜索。
1、初三英语单选解题特点对策人教版（朗文）【本讲教育信息】一. 教学内容： 单选解题特点对策单项选择题一向是各省市中考的必考题型。它的特点是考点多，覆盖面广，题量大，潜隐性强。在考查纯语法、词汇的基础上，更增加了在特定的语境中运用词法、句法、惯用法的考查，突出了对同学们综合运用英语语言能力的考查和日常交际用语的考查，即词法、句法、惯用法、语境四大考点，其主要命题特点有以下几种。 1. 考查学生在特定的语言环境中运用语法的能力。从近几年各省市考题看，几乎所有的考题都提供了一个微型语境，让同学们根据讲话人所处的语言环境来选择答案。此类考题，所提供的四个备选答案，不看特定的语境，四个选项往往都可成立，因
2、而有较强的干扰性和迷惑性。2. 考查同学们掌握和运用日常交际用语的能力。新出版的英语课程标准专门列出了日常交际用语简表，共有30类。这30类交际功能是我们初中三年所学内容的总结。“新课标”明确提出：要使学生获得“为交际初步运用英语的能力”。此类考题就是针对这项教育任务而出的，主要考查同学们的日常交际能力及对中西方文化差异的了解。3. 考查同学们的应试能力。近年的单项选择题出现题干增长的情况，试题常在主要成分中插入一些次要的信息。这些次要的信息常常干扰同学们的思维，分散同学们的注意力。同学们如何撇开多余的信息，抓住题干中的个别关键词，成为解题的关键。有些考题在题干空格后还附有一些信息，这些信息有
3、的对解题起决定性作用。答题时一定要瞻前顾后，通盘考虑。如果同学们平时只是不作任何理解地死记硬背，要想在单项选择中获取高分，那是很困难的。由于单项选择题所考查的范围较广，所以要想做好此类题一要具备扎实的英语基础知识，二要紧扣语境，抓住关键词。具体应注意以下几点：（1）复习时要弄清初中阶段所出现的几种主要时态和语态的用法、结构、与之连用的状语及各自的特殊用法。重点要分清现在完成时、一般过去时的用法。对宾语从句、状语从句、动词不定式、比较等级以及它们的用法规则都要一一弄清楚。还要注意固定搭配、习惯用语、动词的时态和语态、动词、名词、形容词、副词辨析以及不同词性的词的用法。（2）在解题方面要突出语境，
4、在语境中选语句和词汇，防止汉语思维的干扰。英语中一些关键词的含义往往是由它所处的语义环境（即上下文）决定的，答题时如忽视了语境，就很容易答错题。（3）在解题时要注意句型结构和语序。要掌握初中阶段所出现的句型结构，注意宾语从句、感叹句的语序。（4）掌握习语和日常交际用语。应掌握考试说明中的词汇、习惯用语。由于文化背景和风俗习惯的不同，对于一些日常交际用语应记牢。单选解题方法从近几年来全国各地的中考试卷分析可以看出，单项选择题的考点主要分布在：名词、动词、形容词、副词、代词、冠词、连词、介词、情态动词；时态、语态；词义辨析、语序、各种不同的从句及交际用语上。 在做单项选择题时，同学们除应具有较扎实
5、的语言基础知识和善于思考外，掌握一些解题方法是很有必要的。 1. 直接法即直接利用相关语法知识，通过题干中的已供信息，捕捉到解题线索，从而得出正确答案的解题方法，例： - Will you come to the net bars（网吧）with me? - Sorry. My mother always tells me_ there. A. not go B. go C. not to go D. to go 根据句意可知此题考查动词不定式的否定形式，即tell sb. not to do sth.，故此题应选C。 2. 关键词法许多题目中都有这样一些词，它们对于快速而准确地判定答案起着至
6、关重要的作用。我们称这些词为关键词（key words）。找到句中的关键词，也就找到了解题的突破口，例： He hardly hurt himself in the accident, _? A. doesnt he B. didnt he C. did he D. does he 该题中hardly与hurt是起关键词作用的。凡陈述部分含有hardly, never, little, few等否定意义的词时，反意疑问句用肯定形式；而hurt一词的过去式与原形相同，此处hurt未加s，应为过去式。因此本题答案C是正确的。 3. 类推法如果对题目的备选答案没有十分把握或把握很小，不妨利用“如果A
7、对，那么B也对”的类推法，从而可将A、B予以否定，例： - Whos the man at the door? -_ .A. He is a doctor B. He is a friend of mine C. He is a famous singer D. He is twenty 仔细分析备选答案就可发现：A、C选项针对的是“职业”。若A是对的，那么C也会是对的。D回答的是年龄。故惟有B才是正确的。4. 前后照应法此方法多用于两个以上句子或对话形式命题的题目。解题前，透彻理解，然后联系上下文，捕捉隐含信息，方能准确找出答案，例： - He isnt a teacher, is he?
8、- _. He works in a hospital. A. Yes, he is B. No, he isnt C. Yes, He isnt D. No, he is 本题考查否定句的反意疑问句的回答。由后半句的回答，我们知道“他”的身份不是教师；否定反意疑问句回答中的Yes其实际含义为“不”，No的实际含义为“是”。因此应选择的是B。 5. 排除法根据题干提供的信息，先把一眼就看出的干扰项排除，缩小选择范围，然后将剩余的选项填入空白处进行检验，辨别真伪，例： The girl asked the teacher _. A. what does the museum looks like
9、 B. what did the museum look like C. what the museum looks like D. what the museum looked like 本题主要考查宾语从句中的语序及时态的对应关系。主句动词是过去时，从句的谓语动词也应是过去时的某种时态，故A、C被排除。而B中有词序错误，所以D为正确答案。6. 交际法此方法可用30个交际用语，联系上下文直接解题，例： - Would you like to have another cup of tea? - _. A. Yes, I do B. Not at all C. No, thanks D. He
10、lp yourself本题主要考查简单交际用语的应答。对别人的邀请，如果表示不接受时，应委婉说出，不能断然拒绝。因此，选C是最佳答案。 以上六种方法，大家要在具备扎实的基础知识条件下，灵活运用。 【模拟试题】（答题时间：90分钟）第I卷一. 单项填空。从每题的4个选项中选择最佳答案。 1. The population of Shanghai is larger than _ of Wuhan. A. theseB. thisC. thatD. those 2. The Changjiang River is one of _ rivers in the world. A. longB. th
11、e longestC. longerD. longest 3. The little boy became very _ in science. A. interestsB. interestC. interestedD. interesting 4. Jimmy is a _ boy. A. fiveB. five year oldC. five years oldD. five-year-old 5. The boys have never made dumplings, _? A. have theyB. do theyC. did theyD. havent they 6. What
12、about _ fishing tomorrow? A. to goB. goC. goingD. went 7. Hi, Li Lei! Its a long time since we met last! _. A. Good luckB. Thats great C. Nice to see you againD. Best wishes to you 8. Would you get some chalk for me? _. A. Yes, please. B. Why not? C. Im pleased. D. With pleasure. 9. The building is
13、about 80 _. A. feet heightB. foot highC. feet highD. feets high 10. Does Tom often play _ guitar after _ school? A. /; /B. the; /C. the; theD. a; the 11. _ of the apples in the bag are soft and sweet. A. Two-thirdB. Three-second C. Two - thirdsD. Second-thirds 12. Our city is becoming _. A. more bea
14、utiful and beautiful B. more and more beautiful C. more beautiful and more beautiful D. beautifuler and beautifuler 13. _ of them has a dictionary and _ one of them can look up words in the dictionary. A. Each; everyB. Every; each C. Each; eachD. Every; every 14. The visitors _ France arrived _ Shen
15、zhen Station yesterday. A. of; toB. from; atC. from; inD. of; on 15. How long did it _ you to finish the work? A. spendB. payC. tookD. take 16. Stamps _ by people for _ letters. A. use; sendB. are used; sent C. is used; sendingD. are used; sending 17. Students cant be made _ all day. A. studyB. to s
16、tudyC. studyingD. of study 18. Where is Lucy? She _ in the teachers office. A. maybeB. mayC. may beD. may is 19. _ does he go to see Mr Black? Twice a month, I think. A. How longB. How many C. How soonD. How often 20. Its a fine day. Lets go fishing, _? A. wont youB. will youC. shall weD. dont we 二.
17、 完形填空。通读短文，从短文后各题所给的4个选项中选择最佳答案。 In the United States, children start school when they are five years old. In some states they must stay in school 21 they are sixteen. Most students are seventeen or eighteen years old when they 22 secondary （中等的）schools. There are two kinds of schools in the United
18、States: public （公立的）schools and private （私立的）schools. 23 children go to public schools. Their parents do not have to 24 their education because the schools 25 money from the government （政府）. If a child goes to a private school, his parents have to get enough money for his schooling. Some parents sti
19、ll 26 private schools, though they are much more expensive. Today about half of the high school students 27 universities after they 28 the secondary school. A student at a state university does not have to pay very much if his parents 29 in that state. But many students 30 while they are studying at
20、 universities. In this way they 31 good working habits （习惯）and live 32 their own hands. 21. A. andB. thoughC. untilD. since 22. A. leaveB. beginC. study atD. pass 23. A. SeveralB. MostC. A fewD. Few 24. A. worry aboutB. pay forC. ask forD. make sure 25. A. takeB. spendC. receiveD. cost 26. A. wishB.
21、 hateC. preferD. mind 27. A. followB. missC. changeD. go on to 28. A. finishingB. finishC. finishedD. leaving 29. A. were bornB. travelC. do sportsD. have holidays 30. A. workB. study hardC. do sportsD. have holidays 31. A. developB. produceC. buildD. grow 32. A. byB. inC. withD. on三. 阅读理解。阅读下列（A）（B
22、）（C）3篇短文，根据其内容从后面所给的4个选项中选择最佳答案。（A） For several years, Americans have enjoyed teleshoppingwatching TV and buying things by phone. Now teleshopping is starting in Europe. In a number of Europe countries, people can turn on their TVs and shop for clothes, jewelry, food, toys, and many other things. Te
23、leshopping is becoming popular in Sweden, for example, the biggest Swedish company sells different kinds of things on TV in 15 European countries, and in one year it made 100 million dollars. In France there are two teleshopping channels, and the French spend about 20 million dollars a year to buy t
24、hings through those channels. In Germany, until last year teleshopping was only possible on one channel for 1 hour every day. Then the government allowed more teleshopping. Other channels can open for telebusiness, including the largest American teleshopping company and a 24-hour teleshopping compan
25、y. German business are hoping this new teleshopping will help them sell more things. Some people like teleshopping because it allows them to do their shopping without leaving their homes. With all the problems of traffic in the cities, this is an important reason. But at the same time, other Europea
26、ns do not like this new way of shopping. They call teleshopping “junk（垃圾）on the air”. Many Europeans usually worry about the quality （质量）of the things for sale on TV. Good quality is important to them, and they believe they can not be sure about the quality of the things on TV. The need for high qua
27、lity means that European teleshopping companies will have to be different from the American companies. They will have to be more careful about the quality of the things they sell. They will also have to work harder to sell things that the buyers can not touch or see in person. 33. Teleshopping is _
28、in Europe. A. not popularB. growingC. not possibleD. cheap 34. Some Europeans dont like teleshopping because they _. A. dont like to buy things B. dont watch TV C. believe the things sold on TV are expensive D. think the things sold on TV are of bad quality 35. In Germany, teleshopping may _. A. hel
29、p businessmen get more money B. keep the shops open longer C. have fewer buyers D. bring better TV programme 36. The best title of this passage is _. A. American Teleshopping B. Teleshopping Companies C. Teleshopping in Europe D. TeleshoppingJunk on the Air （B） I was in a strange city, besides I cou
30、ld not speak a word of the language. After having spent my first day in the town center, I decided to lose my way on my second day, since I believed that this was the surest way of getting to know the strange city. I rode on a bus for several stops, then got off it and walked on. The first two hours
31、 passed pleasantly enough. Then I decided to turn back to my hotel for lunch. I wanted to ask the way. But the trouble was that the only word I knew of the language was the name of the street my hotel was in. I stopped to ask a newspaper-seller. He smiled and handed me a paper. I shook my head and r
32、epeated the name of the street and he put the paper into my hands. I had to give him some money and went on my way. The next person I asked was a policeman. The policeman listened to me carefully. There was a strange look in his eyes as he pointed left and right and left again. I nodded politely and
33、 began walking in the direction he pointed. About an hour passed and I noticed that the houses were getting fewer and fewer and green fields were seen on either side of me. I knew the only thing left for me to do was to find the nearest railway station. 37. The writer believed that if you wanted to
34、get to know a strange city, _. A. you should go everywhere on foot B. you should have a map C. you should ask people the way D. you should get lost 38. The newspaper-seller _. A. could understand what he said B. didnt know what he said C. laughed at him D. didnt want to take the money 39. The writer
35、s real trouble was that _. A. he couldnt speak the language B. he followed the policemans direction C. he took the wrong bus D. he left the town centre 40. The policeman _. A. didnt help him B. pointed at him C. didnt understand what he really meant D. didnt know the way （C） Sometimes people add to
36、what they say even when they dont talk. Gestures （手势，姿势）are the “silent language”of every culture （文化）. We point a finger or move another part of the body to show what we want to say. It is important to know the body language of every country or we may be misunderstood. In the United States, people
37、greet each other with a handshake in a formal introduction. The handshake must be firm. If the handshake is weak, it is a sign of weakness or unfriendliness. Friends may place a hand on the others arm or shoulder. Some people, usually women, greet a friend with a hug （拥抱）. Space is important to Amer
38、icans. When two people talk to each other, they usually stand about two and a half feet away and at an angle, so they are not facing each other directly. Americans get uncomfortable when a person stands too close. They will move back to have their space. If Americans touch another person by accident
39、, they say “Pardon me”or “Excuse me”. Americans like to look at the other person in the eyes when they are talking. If you dont do so, it means you are bored, hiding something, or are not interested. But when you stare at someone, it is not polite. For Americans, thumbs-up means yes, very good, or w
40、ell done. Thumbs-down means the opposite. To call a waiter, raise one hand to head level or above. To show you want the check, make a movement with your hands as if you are signing a piece of paper. It is all right to point at things but not at people with the hand and index finger （食指）. Americans s
41、hake their index finger at children when they scold them and pat them on the head when they admire them. Learning a cultures body language is sometimes confusing （使糊涂的）. If you dont know what to do, the safest thing to do is to smile. 41. If you are introduced to a stranger from the USA, you should
42、_. A. greet him with a hug B. place a hand on his shoulder C. shake his hand firmly D. shake his hand weakly 42. In the United States, people often _. A. show their friendship by touching each other B. show their friendship by glancing at each other C. say “Pardon me”to each other when they are talk
43、ing D. get uncomfortable when you stand close to them 43. If you talk with an American friend, its polite to _. A. look up and down at your friend B. look at the other person in the eyes C. hide your opinion D. look at your watch now and then 第II卷一. 用方框中所给的词或词组的适当形式填空，每个词或词组只准用1次。as usual, both. and
44、, hear of, put away, no longer, used to, improve, think about, at last, frighten 1. I _ this young man, but I dont personally know him. 2. Although he was ill yesterday, he came to school early _. 3. This reading-room is for the use of _ the teachers _ the students. 4. He _ his English because he ha
45、s worked very hard. 5. He _ be a teacher, but now he has given up his job of teaching. 6. When he heard the strange noise, he felt _. 7. He has moved into his new house. He _ lives here. 8. Its getting warm now and we should _ the winter clothes. 9. He worked hard and _ he became famous as a pop singer.