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1、专题十二专题十二 状语从句状语从句 状语从句在句中相当于副词作状语状语从句在句中相当于副词作状语,又叫副词性从句。在句子又叫副词性从句。在句子中可修饰谓语（或其他动词）、形容词、副词或是整个句子，它可中可修饰谓语（或其他动词）、形容词、副词或是整个句子，它可以用来表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、方式、比较、以用来表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、方式、比较、让步等。状语从句通常由一个连词引导，也可以由一个起连词作用让步等。状语从句通常由一个连词引导，也可以由一个起连词作用的词组引导。状语从句是近几年高考试题中常见的一个重要考点。的词组引导。状语从句是近几年高考试题中常见的一个重要
2、考点。状语从句的分类及常用连接词状语从句的分类及常用连接词种种类类从属从属连词连词例句例句说明说明时时间间状状语语从从句句 whenWhen-ever When I came into the room,he was writing a letter.You can eat food free in my restaurant whenever you like.when指指“某一具体的某一具体的时间时间”；whenever指指“在任何一在任何一个不具体的时间个不具体的时间”。whileWhile John was reading,I was watching TV.I stayed whil
3、e he was away.while指指“在在期间期间”，引导的动作必须是，引导的动作必须是持续性的。持续性的。asThey talked as they walked along the river.As time goes by,I like China better.as（一边（一边一边）表一边）表示持续性动作，强调主示持续性动作，强调主句和从句动作同时发生；句和从句动作同时发生；随着。随着。beforeBefore I could get in a word,the tailor had measured me.(还没来得及就还没来得及就)We hadnt run a mile be
4、fore he felt tired.(还没还没就就)We had sailed 4 days before we saw land.(才才)Please write it down before you forget it.(趁还没趁还没就就)It will be five years before he leaves there.His grandpa died in 1999.It was two years before he came back from America.before引导从句引导从句时，词义非常时，词义非常灵活。灵活。AfterHe arrived after the
5、 game started.tilluntilHe remained there till/until she arrived.She wont go to bed till/until he returns home.It is not until he returns home that she will go to bed.Not until he returns home will she go to bed.若主句动作是持续性动作，若主句动作是持续性动作，常用肯定式，表示常用肯定式，表示“直到直到为止为止”；若主句动作；若主句动作是瞬间动词，要用否定式，是瞬间动词，要用否定式，表表“
6、直直才才”，“在在以前不以前不”；从句放在；从句放在句首时表示强调，一般用句首时表示强调，一般用until并引起部分倒装。并引起部分倒装。时时间间状状语语从从句句 sinceGreat changes have taken place in China since 1978.since在时间状语从句中，不论用在时间状语从句中，不论用短暂动词、延续动词还是状态动短暂动词、延续动词还是状态动词的一般过去时，通常都表示从词的一般过去时，通常都表示从动作或状态的完成或结束时算起，动作或状态的完成或结束时算起，主句时态多用现在完成时。主句时态多用现在完成时。as soon as hardly.when
7、no sooner.thanthe momentthe instantthe secondimmediatelydirectlyinstantly As soon as I arrive in Shanghai,Ill write to you.I had hardly got home when it began to rain.=Hardly had I got home when it began to rain.The moment I saw him I knew there was no hope.Immediately he came I told him the news.We
8、 had no sooner reached the airport than the plane took off.=No sooner had we reached the airport than the plane took off.这这些些结结构构都都表表示示“一一就就”。时时间间状状语语从从句句every/each timenext/last timeby the timethe first time Every/Each time I was in trouble,he would come to my help.I fell in love with her the first
9、 time I saw her.这类名词短语相当于这类名词短语相当于连词，引导时间状语连词，引导时间状语从句。从句。地地点点状状语语从从句句wherewhereverWhere there is a will,there is a way.You can go wherever you like these days.where与与wherever意意义基本相同，但后者义基本相同，但后者语气较强，多用于书语气较强，多用于书面语。面语。原原因因状状语语从从句句 becauseI came back late yesterday because I was on duty.because用来回答用
10、来回答why 的问的问题，语气最强，一般放在题，语气最强，一般放在主句之后。主句之后。sinceSince everyone is here,lets begin our meeting.since表示既然或已知的理表示既然或已知的理由，也可表示稍加分析就由，也可表示稍加分析就可知的原因，多放句首。可知的原因，多放句首。as并列连并列连词词forAs you didnt turn up at yesterdays get-together,we missed you very much.It must have rained last night,for the ground is still
11、 wet.as引导的原因状语从句常引导的原因状语从句常放在句首，说明次要的原放在句首，说明次要的原因，主句说明结果，常用因，主句说明结果，常用于口语中；于口语中；for连接的是并列句。连接的是并列句。原原因因状状语语从从句句now thatseeing thatin thatconsidering that Now(that)the weather has cleared up,we can start our journey.Seeing(that)he was badly ill,we sent for the doctor.This book is different from that
12、 book in that this one is about chemistry and that one about history.considering that,seeing(that),now that,in that和和since 意义相似，都有意义相似，都有“鉴于某个事实鉴于某个事实”的的意思。意思。目目的的状状语语从从句句 so thatin order thatlest=for fear that You must speak louder so that/in order that you can be heard by all.He wrote the name dow
13、n for fear that(lest)he should forget it.Better take more clothes in case the weather is cold.目的状语从句中常用情目的状语从句中常用情态动词放在动词之前，态动词放在动词之前，从句往往放在主句之后，从句往往放在主句之后，主从句之间不用任何标主从句之间不用任何标点符号。点符号。注意：注意：so that和和in order that与与so as to和和in order to的转换。的转换。结结果果状状语语从从句句 so thatso.thatWe turned up the radio,so that
14、 everyone heard the news.The boy is so young that he cant go to school.so that前有逗号为前有逗号为结果状语从句；结果状语从句；so.that的的so后面后面紧跟形容词或副词。紧跟形容词或副词。such.that He is such a young boy that he cant go to school.such.that的的such后面跟名词，如果后面跟名词，如果名词是单数就要用名词是单数就要用such a/an.that，还可以转换用还可以转换用so.that，语气较，语气较强。强。条条件件状状语语从从句句
15、ifIf not=unlessas/so long asin caseso/as far as We shall go there tomorrow unless it rains.=We shall go there tomorrow if it doesnt rain.So long as you work hard,you will succeed.In case I forget,please remind me about it.So far as I know,the book will be published next month.unless和和if.not同义，同义，unl
16、ess是书面语，是书面语，if.not是是口语，通常二者可以换用；口语，通常二者可以换用；unless从句的谓语只能用肯从句的谓语只能用肯定式；定式；条件状语从句中的谓语动条件状语从句中的谓语动词的时态一般要用现在时词的时态一般要用现在时或过去时代替一般将来时或过去时代替一般将来时或过去将来时。或过去将来时。方方式式状状语语从从句句 asas if/though As water is to fish,so air is to man.Do as you are told to.He acted as if(though)nothing had happened.此处此处as意为意为“按照或正
17、如按照或正如”；as if或或as though的意义和的意义和用法基本一样；用法基本一样；从句中可以用现在时，从句中可以用现在时，表示可能符合事实，也表示可能符合事实，也可以用虚拟语气。可以用虚拟语气。让让步步状状语语从从句句 thoughalthough Although its raining,they are still working in the field.We were not tired though(although)we had worked all day.though、although等引等引导的让步状语从句，不导的让步状语从句，不能和能和but连用，但可以与连用，但
18、可以与yet或或still连用。连用。though/although意义相意义相同，用法基本相同。同，用法基本相同。让让步步状状语语从从句句 even ifeven thoughWell make a trip even though the weather is bad.even if和和even though意为意为“即使即使”“纵使纵使”有退一有退一步设想的意味。步设想的意味。asChild as/though he was,he knew what was the right thing to do.as引导的让步状语从句常放引导的让步状语从句常放在句首，并用部分倒装；在句首，并用部分
19、倒装；此时，可与此时，可与though换用。换用。no matter wh-No matter what happened,he would not mindno matter wh-与与wh-+ever引导的让步状语从句意义引导的让步状语从句意义基本一样，基本一样，no matter wh-引导的从句可以位于主句引导的从句可以位于主句前或主句后。前或主句后。wh-everWhateverhappened,he would not mind.判断判断wh-ever引导的是状语从句引导的是状语从句还是名词性从句的要点：还是名词性从句的要点：名词性从句，主句中一定有一个名词性从句，主句中一定有一个
20、成分要由从句担任，一般从句与成分要由从句担任，一般从句与主句之间没有逗号。主句之间没有逗号。比比较较状状语语从从句句as.asnot so/as.asthe same.assuch.as Mary is as old as my sister.He doesnt run so(as)fast as Jack(does).His book is the same as mine.Henry is not such a good worker as Peter.表示同程度级别的比表示同程度级别的比较，肯定句用较，肯定句用as.as否定句可用否定句可用not as.as 或或not so.as。th
21、anHe runs less fast than me.表示不同程度的比较，表示不同程度的比较，主句中用形容词或副主句中用形容词或副词的比较级。词的比较级。the more.the moreThe more you read,the better you understand.The sooner,the better the more.the more意为意为“越越越越”，从句，从句在前主句在后，这两个在前主句在后，这两个the都修饰表示程度的副都修饰表示程度的副词，用在形容词或副词比词，用在形容词或副词比较级的前面；若句意明显，较级的前面；若句意明显，句子的主语和动词都可省句子的主语和动词
22、都可省略。略。.特特殊殊形形式式状状语语从从句句that Im pretty sure（that）hell agree.Im sorry(that)I didnt have time to write you.I am afraid that I cant go with you.that 引导的从句，往往跟在一个作引导的从句，往往跟在一个作表语的形容词后面，从概念上看是表语的形容词后面，从概念上看是宾语，所以有的语法家把它看作是宾语，所以有的语法家把它看作是宾语从句，但结构上看，也可以把宾语从句，但结构上看，也可以把它看作是一个特殊的原因状语从句，它看作是一个特殊的原因状语从句，用来修饰表语
23、的形容词。这种从句用来修饰表语的形容词。这种从句的连词常常被省略。的连词常常被省略。【考点一考点一】考查考查while，when和和asas,when引导的从句中用短暂性动词。引导的从句中用短暂性动词。Just as/Just when/When I stopped my car,a man came up to me.当从句的动作发生于主句动作之前，只能用当从句的动作发生于主句动作之前，只能用when 引导，不可用引导，不可用as 或或 while。When you have finished your work,you may have a rest.从句表示从句表示“随时间推移随时间推移
24、”连词可用连词可用as，不用，不用when 或或while。As the day went on,the weather got worse.when还含有还含有“at that moment”的意思（的意思（=and then），引导的句），引导的句子不能放在句首，也不能用子不能放在句首，也不能用as,while来替换。来替换。这时这时when是并列连词是并列连词。如：如：They had just arrived home when it began to rain.He was about to go out when Tom came to visit him.He was going
25、 along the street when he saw a car hitting the pole.【即学即练即学即练】单项填空单项填空She had just finished her homework _her mother asked her to practice playing the piano yesterday.（2009福建）福建）A.when B.while C.after D.since解析：选解析：选A。的意思是。的意思是“这时这时”。【考点二考点二】考查考查until和和till(1)两个连词意义相同。用于肯定句中表示两个连词意义相同。用于肯定句中表示“做某事直
26、至某时做某事直至某时”，动，动词词必须是延续性的；用于否定句中表示必须是延续性的；用于否定句中表示“直至某时才做某事直至某时才做某事”，通常，通常与短暂动词的否定式连用，这时，与短暂动词的否定式连用，这时，until和和till也可用也可用before代替。正代替。正确确使用这两个连词的关键在于判断句中的动词该用肯定式还是否定式。使用这两个连词的关键在于判断句中的动词该用肯定式还是否定式。He waited until/till we finished our meal.I didnt leave until/till/before she came back.(2)until引导的从句可以放
27、在主句之前或主句之后，但引导的从句可以放在主句之前或主句之后，但till从句一般不从句一般不放在句首。放在句首。Until he told me,I knew nothing about it.(3)否定句可用另外两种句式表示。否定句可用另外两种句式表示。not until.在句首时，主句用倒装。在句首时，主句用倒装。Not until I began to work did I realize how much time I had wasted.not until用在强调句中，构成用在强调句中，构成“It is/was not until.that.”强调强调句型。句型。It was no
28、t until I began to work that I realized how much time I had wasted.【考点三考点三】考查考查because，since，as和和for(1)because语气最强，用来回答语气最强，用来回答why的提问，放在主句的前后均可。的提问，放在主句的前后均可。下列情况下只能使用下列情况下只能使用because：在回答在回答why的问句时；的问句时；在用于强调句型时；在用于强调句型时；被被not所否定时。所否定时。You want to know why Im leaving.Im leaving because Im full.It w
29、as because I love the job that I accepted the offer.I didnt like the job because Im bad-paid.(2)表示已经知道的原因时用表示已经知道的原因时用as或或since，即某种原因在说话人看来已，即某种原因在说话人看来已经很明显，或已为听话人所熟悉，因此它是句中不很重要的部分。经很明显，或已为听话人所熟悉，因此它是句中不很重要的部分。since要比要比as正式一些。正式一些。Since you dont understand,I will explain it again.(3)for的语气不及的语气不及be
30、cause,since,as强，为并列连词，引导的分句常强，为并列连词，引导的分句常放在主句之后，从句前通常用逗号，表示说话者为所做的推断和预放在主句之后，从句前通常用逗号，表示说话者为所做的推断和预测提供理由，或对前一分句进行补充和解释。测提供理由，或对前一分句进行补充和解释。Its morning now,for the birds are singing.【考点四考点四】考查考查“一一就就”结构结构 英语中有许多词和短语可用来引导时间状语从句，表示英语中有许多词和短语可用来引导时间状语从句，表示“一一就就”，它们虽不是连词，但具有连词的功能。这些词（短语）归，它们虽不是连词，但具有连词的
31、功能。这些词（短语）归纳起来，主要有以下几类：纳起来，主要有以下几类：名词类：主要有名词类：主要有the moment,the minute,the second,the instant,the day 等。等。The moment I saw him I knew there was no hope.The instant he opened the door he saw the thief.He is going to visit his aunt the day he arrives in Beijing.副词类：主要有副词类：主要有immediately,directly,insta
32、ntly,once 等。等。Once he arrives,we can start.Immediately he came I told him the news.句型类：主要有句型类：主要有no sooner.than,hardly/scarcely.when。若将。若将 no sooner,hardly，scarcely置于句首，则其后要用倒装语序。置于句首，则其后要用倒装语序。We had no sooner set out than it began to rain.=No sooner had we set out than it began to rain.She had har
33、dly arrived when it began to snow.=Hardly had she arrived when it began to snow.【考点五考点五】考查考查though的用法的用法though conj.虽然；尽管（不与虽然；尽管（不与but连用，但可以跟连用，但可以跟yet,still连用）；连用）；也可用作副词（在句尾），表示也可用作副词（在句尾），表示“然而然而”。Though we are poor,we are still happy.He promised to phone.I heard nothing,though.as/though引导的让步状语从
34、句用部分倒装。可以把表语、状语、引导的让步状语从句用部分倒装。可以把表语、状语、谓语提前。若表语是名词时，名词前常省略冠词。谓语提前。若表语是名词时，名词前常省略冠词。Child as/though he is,he knows a lot.Much as/though I like it,I dont want to buy it.Try as/though he might,he wouldnt succeed.as though=as if；even though=even ifYou sound as though/if youve caught a cold.Even though/
35、if we achieve great successes in our work,we should not be conceited.【难点一难点一】几种特殊句型结构的区别几种特殊句型结构的区别用一个恰当的词完成下列句子，使之完整、正确。用一个恰当的词完成下列句子，使之完整、正确。The field research will take Joan and Paul about five months;it will be a long time _ we meet them again.Did Jack come back early last night?Yes.It was not y
36、et eight oclock _ he arrived home.It is almost five years _ we saw each other last time.It was some time _ we realized the truth.解析：下列的解析：下列的It句型表示的含义各不相同：句型表示的含义各不相同：(1)“It is/was+时刻时刻+when从句从句”表示表示“某事发生时是什么时候某事发生时是什么时候”。(2)“It is/has been+时间段时间段+since从句从句”表示表示“自从自从以来有多长以来有多长时间了时间了”。(3)“It will/wou
37、ld be+时间段时间段+before 从句从句”表示表示“还要过多长时间还要过多长时间才才”。(4)“It will/would not be+时间段时间段+before 从句从句”表示表示“过不了多长时过不了多长时间间就会就会”。(5)“It was+时间段时间段+before从句从句”表示表示“过了多长时间才过了多长时间才”。(6)“It was not+时间段时间段+before从句从句”表示表示“没过多长时间就没过多长时间就”。所以，第所以，第题考查的是句型：题考查的是句型：It will/would be+时间段时间段+before 从句。从句。第第题考查的是句型：题考查的是句型：
38、It is/was+时刻时刻+when从句。第从句。第题考查的是题考查的是句型：句型：It is/has been+时间段时间段+since从句；第从句；第考查的是句型：考查的是句型：It was+时间段时间段+before从句。从句。温馨提示：温馨提示：注意下面两句话的含义。注意下面两句话的含义。It is five years since I lived in Jinan.自从我不住在济南以来已经自从我不住在济南以来已经5年了。年了。It is five years since I began to live in Jinan.自从我住在济南以来已经自从我住在济南以来已经5年了。年了。【难
39、点二难点二】状语从句中的时态状语从句中的时态用括号内所给词的正确形式完成下列句子，使之完整、正确。用括号内所给词的正确形式完成下列句子，使之完整、正确。She will get married when she _(meet)the right man.We wont climb up the mountain until rain _(stop).解析：时间、条件等状语从句中常用一般现在时表示将来时、用解析：时间、条件等状语从句中常用一般现在时表示将来时、用现在完成时表示将来完成时。第现在完成时表示将来完成时。第题从句用一般现在时表示一般题从句用一般现在时表示一般将来时，空白处填将来时，空白
40、处填meets。第。第题用现在完成时表示将来完成时，题用现在完成时表示将来完成时，空白处填空白处填has stopped。【难点三难点三】only if和和if only用用only if或或if only完成下列句子，使之完整、正确。完成下列句子，使之完整、正确。_you study hard,you will pass the test._ I had wings,I would be able to travel around the world easily.解析：解析：only if 引导的从句用陈述语气，意为引导的从句用陈述语气，意为“只要只要”；if only引导引导的从句要用虚
41、拟语气，意为的从句要用虚拟语气，意为“但愿但愿”，“要是要是就好了就好了”。所以第所以第题填题填Only if，第，第题题If only。2013高考真题高考真题【2013北京北京】30.I took my driving license with me on holiday,I wanted to hire a car.A.in caseB.even ifC.ever since D.if only1【答案答案】A【解析解析】考查状语从句。根据句意：假期时我带上我的驾照，考查状语从句。根据句意：假期时我带上我的驾照，以防万一我想租一辆车。故选以防万一我想租一辆车。故选A。【2013福建福建】
42、32.Anyone,once _ positive for H7N9 flu virus,will receive free medical treatment from our government.A.to be tested B.being tested C.tested D.to test2【答案答案】C【解析解析】考查非谓语动词和状语从句的省略。状语从句连词考查非谓语动词和状语从句的省略。状语从句连词once之后的非谓语动词与主句主语之后的非谓语动词与主句主语anyone之间为被动关系，故之间为被动关系，故选过去分词。选过去分词。【2013湖南湖南】23.You must learn
43、 to consult your feelings and your reason _ you reach any decision.A.althoughB.beforeC.becauseD.unless3【答案答案】B【解析解析】考查状语从句。根据句意，在你做任何决定之前，你得学会顾及到你考查状语从句。根据句意，在你做任何决定之前，你得学会顾及到你的感觉和你做此决定的原因，可知答案为的感觉和你做此决定的原因，可知答案为B（在（在之前）。之前）。【2013江苏江苏】28.In the global economy,a new drug for cancer,it is discovered,w
44、ill create many economic possibilities around the world.A.whatever B.whoever C.wherever D.whichever4【答案答案】C【解析解析】考查状语从句。此处考查考查状语从句。此处考查-ever引导的让步状语从句。通过分析从句，引导的让步状语从句。通过分析从句，可知句子不缺少主干成分，故排除代词可知句子不缺少主干成分，故排除代词ABD项，故答案选项，故答案选C。【2013江西江西】28.She says that shell have to close the shop _ business improves
45、.A.ifB.unlessC.afterD.when5【答案答案】B【解析解析】考查状语从句。根据句意，如果生意没有好转，她就只得关店铺。考查状语从句。根据句意，如果生意没有好转，她就只得关店铺。unless=ifnot（如果不），故答案选（如果不），故答案选B。【2013江西江西】34.If _ to look after luggage for someone else,inform the police at once.A.askedB.to askC.askingD.having asked6【答案答案】A 【解析解析】考查非谓语动词及状语从句的省略。状语从句连词考查非谓语动词及状语从
46、句的省略。状语从句连词if之后之后省去了从句的主语，即主句的主语；而主句为祈使句，默认主语为省去了从句的主语，即主句的主语；而主句为祈使句，默认主语为you；主语；主语you与动词与动词ask之间为被动关系，故使用过去分词。答案选之间为被动关系，故使用过去分词。答案选A。【2013浙江浙江】19.There are some health problems that,when _ in time,can become bigger ones later on.A.not treated B.not being treated C.not to be treated D.not have bee
47、n treated7【答案答案】A【解析解析】考查非谓语动词及状语从句的省略。连词考查非谓语动词及状语从句的省略。连词when之后为状语从句的省略，之后为状语从句的省略，非谓语动词非谓语动词treat的逻辑主语即为主句主语的逻辑主语即为主句主语health problems，判断它们之间的关，判断它们之间的关系为被动关系，即用过去分词即可。而系为被动关系，即用过去分词即可。而being done意为意为“正在被正在被”；to be done“将被将被”。【2013辽宁辽宁】24.One can always manage to do more things,no matter _ full o
48、nes schedule is in life.A.how B.what C.when D.where8【答案答案】A【解析解析】考查状语从句。此处考查考查状语从句。此处考查no matter引导的让步状语从句。副词引导的让步状语从句。副词how修修饰形容词或副词，横线后为形容词饰形容词或副词，横线后为形容词full，故选，故选how。no matter how=however（无论如何）。（无论如何）。【2013山东山东】26.Mark needs to learn Chinese _ his company is opening a branch in Beijing.A.unlessB.
49、until C.although D.since 9【答案答案】D【解析解析】考查状语从句。根据句意：考查状语从句。根据句意：Mark需要学习汉语是因为他的公司要在需要学习汉语是因为他的公司要在北京开分公司。连词北京开分公司。连词since表表“由于，因为由于，因为”符合语境。符合语境。【2013山东山东】28._I have to give a speech,I get extremely nervous before I start.A.WhateverB.WheneverC.Whoever D.However 10【答案答案】B【解析解析】考查状语从句。句意为：每当我得做演讲的时候，开始
50、之前我就会变考查状语从句。句意为：每当我得做演讲的时候，开始之前我就会变得极度的紧张。根据句意选得极度的紧张。根据句意选B（每当，无论什么时候）。（每当，无论什么时候）。【2013陕西陕西】18.I have heard a lot of good things about you I came back from abroad.A.since B.until C.before D.when11【答案答案】A【解析解析】考查状语从句。根据句意及主从句时态即可判断为考查状语从句。根据句意及主从句时态即可判断为A项，因为项，因为since从从句用一般过去时，主句用现在完成时。译为：自从我从国外回来