高考英语(江苏专用)大二轮总复习课件语法专题:专题二定语从句.ppt

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1、洞察洞察命题动向命题动向感悟感悟真题精髓真题精髓把握把握高考热点高考热点创新创新典题狂练典题狂练洞察洞察命题动向命题动向感悟感悟真题精髓真题精髓把握把握高考热点高考热点创新创新典题狂练典题狂练洞察洞察命题动向命题动向感悟感悟真题精髓真题精髓把握把握高考热点高考热点创新创新典题狂练典题狂练【考向聚焦】定语从句是高考的热点,主要考查关系代词和关系副词的正确运用,特别是它们在非限制性定语从句中的运用。主要考点有:关系代词which引导的非限制性定语从句;关系副词where引导的定语从句(近三年来常考查先行词是表示抽象空间概念的名词的情况);“介词关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句;as引导的非限制性定

2、语从句。 洞察洞察命题动向命题动向感悟感悟真题精髓真题精髓把握把握高考热点高考热点创新创新典题狂练典题狂练1(2014安徽,22)The exact year _ Angela and her family spent together in China was 2008.Awhen Bwhere Cwhy Dwhich解析考查定语从句。句意:Angela和她的家人一起呆在中国的那一年是2008年。先行词the exact year在定语从句中作spent的宾语且指物,故选D。which(也可用that或省略)。答案D洞察洞察命题动向命题动向感悟感悟真题精髓真题精髓把握把握高考热点高考热点创新

3、创新典题狂练典题狂练2(2014北京,26)I borrowed the book Sherlock Holmes from the library last week,_ my classmates recommended to me.AwhoBwhich Cwhen Dwhere解析考查定语从句。句意:上个星期,我从图书馆借了同学给我推荐的大侦探福尔摩斯。此处考查非限制性定语从句,先行词the book在定语从句中作recommend的宾语,所以要用关系代词,先行词是物,故选which。答案B洞察洞察命题动向命题动向感悟感悟真题精髓真题精髓把握把握高考热点高考热点创新创新典题狂练典题狂练3

4、(2014福建,31)Students should involve themselves in community activities _ they can gain experience for growth.Awho Bwhen Cwhich Dwhere解析考查定语从句。句意:学生应该潜心于社区活动之中,在这些活动中,他们可以获取成长的经验。在定语从句中缺少地点状语,故选D项。答案D洞察洞察命题动向命题动向感悟感悟真题精髓真题精髓把握把握高考热点高考热点创新创新典题狂练典题狂练4(2014湖南,31)I am looking forward to the day _ my daugh

5、ter can read this book and know my feelings for her.Aas Bwhy Cwhen Dwhere解析考查定语从句的引导词。句意:我正盼望着我女儿能读这本书并知道我对她的感受的那一天。先行词the day在从句中做时间状语,故用关系副词when,选C。答案C洞察洞察命题动向命题动向感悟感悟真题精髓真题精髓把握把握高考热点高考热点创新创新典题狂练典题狂练5(2014江苏,22)The book has helped me greatly in my daily communication,especially at work _ a good im

6、pression is a must.Awhich Bwhen Cas Dwhere解析考查定语从句的引导词。句意:这本书在我的日常交流中帮了很大的忙,尤其是在良好印象是一项必要条件的工作中。根据句式结构该定语从句中work是先行词,指事物,在从句中作抽象概念的地点状语,用where故选D。答案D洞察洞察命题动向命题动向感悟感悟真题精髓真题精髓把握把握高考热点高考热点创新创新典题狂练典题狂练6(2014江西,28)Among the many dangers _ sailors have to face,probably the greatest of all is fog.Awhich Bw

7、hat Cwhere Dwhen 解析考查定语从句。题干意思是“在水手面临的众多危险中,最大的危险可能是大雾天气。”定语从句中谓语动词face后缺少宾语,应当用关系代词,由此可排除C、D两项。因为what不可引导定语从句,故答案非A莫属。答案A洞察洞察命题动向命题动向感悟感悟真题精髓真题精髓把握把握高考热点高考热点创新创新典题狂练典题狂练7(2014山东,10)A company _ profits from home markets are declining may seek opportunities abroad.Awhich Bwhose Cwho Dwhy 解析考查定语从句。句意:

8、利润来源于国内市场且在下降的公司可以到国外寻找机会。此处关系代词whose作定语,故选B项。答案B洞察洞察命题动向命题动向感悟感悟真题精髓真题精髓把握把握高考热点高考热点创新创新典题狂练典题狂练8(2014陕西,13)Please send us all the information _ you have about the candidate for the position.Athat Bwhich Cas Dwhat解析考查定语从句。句意:请把所有有关这个职位候选人的信息发给我们。首先排除D项,因为what不是定语从句的引导词,而是名词性从句的引导词;先行词information在定语

9、从句中充当动词have的宾语,前面又有all来修饰,故只能用that;不用which;as用在定语从句中常和such,the same连用。答案A洞察洞察命题动向命题动向感悟感悟真题精髓真题精髓把握把握高考热点高考热点创新创新典题狂练典题狂练9(2014陕西,15)_ the delayed flight will take off depends much on the weather.AWhy BWhen CThat DWhat 解析考查主语从句。句意:延误的航班什么时候起飞很大程度上取决于天气。由于从句完整,不缺成分,首先排除D.what;根据句意,需要时间概念when,而不是A why

10、原因;B.that没有意义,也不充当成分。答案B洞察洞察命题动向命题动向感悟感悟真题精髓真题精髓把握把握高考热点高考热点创新创新典题狂练典题狂练10(2014四川,4)Until now,we have raised 50,000 pounds for the poor children,_ is quite unexpected.Athat Bwhich Cwho Dit解析考查定语从句关系词的用法。显然这是一个非限制性定语从句。句意:到目前为止我们已经为贫困儿童筹集了5万英镑,这是我们始料未及的。which指代整个主句。答案B洞察洞察命题动向命题动向感悟感悟真题精髓真题精髓把握把握高考热点

11、高考热点创新创新典题狂练典题狂练11(2014天津,12)English is a language shared by several diverse cultures,_ uses it differently.Aall of which Beach of which Call of them Deach of them解析考查非限制性定语从句。句意:英语是一种由多种文化共享的语言,每一种语言对其使用都是不同的。根据结构判断该定语从句的先行词是several diverse cultures,是物,作介词of的宾语,用which;根据从句中谓语动词是单数形式uses,排除A,选B。答案B洞

12、察洞察命题动向命题动向感悟感悟真题精髓真题精髓把握把握高考热点高考热点创新创新典题狂练典题狂练12(2014浙江,5)I didnt become a serious climber until the fifth grade,_ I went up to rescue a kite that was stuck in the branches of a tree.Awhen Bwhere Cwhich Dwhy解析考查定语从句。句意:直到五年级,我才真正会爬树,当时,我爬上一棵树,拿下了挂在树枝上的风筝。后面的定语从句是完整的句子,首先排除C项;先行词为the fifth grade,表时间

13、概念,所以选A。答案A洞察洞察命题动向命题动向感悟感悟真题精髓真题精髓把握把握高考热点高考热点创新创新典题狂练典题狂练13(2014重庆,9)Well reach the sales targets in a month _ we set at the beginning of the year.Awhich Bwhere Cwhen Dwhat解析考查定语从句。句意:一个月之后我们就能完成年初制定的销售目标。先行词targets在从句中作set的宾语,故要用关系代词。答案A洞察洞察命题动向命题动向感悟感悟真题精髓真题精髓把握把握高考热点高考热点创新创新典题狂练典题狂练14(2013安徽,29

14、)Mo Yan was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2012,_ made one of the Chinese peoples longheld dreams come true.Ait Bthat Cwhat Dwhich解析考查定语从句。句意:2012年莫言被授予诺贝尔文学奖,这使得中国人民多年以来的一个梦想实现了。本题考查非限制性定语从句,先行词是前面整句话的内容,关系代词which在从句中作主语,that不能引导非限制性定语从句。答案D洞察洞察命题动向命题动向感悟感悟真题精髓真题精髓把握把握高考热点高考热点创新创新典题狂练典题狂

15、练15(2013江苏,32)The president of the World Bank says he has a passion for China,_ he remembers starting as early as his childhood.Awhere Bwhich Cwhat Dwhen解析考查定语从句。句意:世界银行的总裁说他热爱中国,这种热爱早在他的童年时代就开始了。此句中passion(热爱,激情)为先行词,在定语从句中starting之后缺少宾语,因此排除A、D两项,when和where为关系副词,不能充当主语或宾语。C项的what不能引导定语从句,故选B。答案B洞察

16、洞察命题动向命题动向感悟感悟真题精髓真题精髓把握把握高考热点高考热点创新创新典题狂练典题狂练16(2013福建,27)The book tell stories of the earthquake through the eyes of those _ lives were affected.Awhose Bthat Cwho Dwhich解析句意:这本书通过那些生活受到影响的人的视角讲述了地震的故事。根据题干可知空格后部分是定语从句,先行词是代词those,表示“那些人”,而定语从句中缺少定语成分,故选A项,whose在从句中作定语。关系代词that,who和which在定语从句中只能作主语

17、或宾语。答案A洞察洞察命题动向命题动向感悟感悟真题精髓真题精髓把握把握高考热点高考热点创新创新典题狂练典题狂练17(2013山东,35)Finally he reached a lonely island _ was completely cut off from the outside world.Awhen Bwhere Cwhich Dwhom解析考查定语从句。句意:最后他到达了一个完全与外界隔绝的孤岛。island后面是一个定语从句,修饰island,并且从句中缺少主语,同时指物,所以选C。而A项when及B项where在定语从句中分别作时间及地点状语;D项whom只能指人,在定语从句

18、中作宾语。答案C洞察洞察命题动向命题动向感悟感悟真题精髓真题精髓把握把握高考热点高考热点创新创新典题狂练典题狂练18(2013浙江,5)The children,_ had played the whole day long,were worn out.Aall of what Ball of whichCall of them Dall of whom解析考查定语从句。句意:孩子们都累了,他们都玩了一整天。该定语从句的先行词为children,定语从句的引导词在从句中作介词of的宾语,只能用whom。故选D。答案D洞察洞察命题动向命题动向感悟感悟真题精髓真题精髓把握把握高考热点高考热点创新创

19、新典题狂练典题狂练19(2013浙江,13)The museum will open in the spring with an exhibition and a viewing platform _ visitors can watch the big glasshouses being built.Awhat Bwhere Cwhen Dwhy解析考查定语从句。句意:博物馆将于春天开放,届时将有一个展览,还将有一个看台,在看台上游客可以看到正在建设中的大玻璃房子。该空引导定语从句,先行词为platform,该空在从句中作地点状语,只能用where。故选B。答案B洞察洞察命题动向命题动向感悟

20、感悟真题精髓真题精髓把握把握高考热点高考热点创新创新典题狂练典题狂练20(2013四川,9)Nowadays people are more concerned about the environment _ they live.Awhat Bwhich Cwhen Dwhere解析考查定语从句。句意:目前人们更加关心他们所居住的环境。A项可引导名词性从句;B项可引导定语从句,在从句中可作主语、宾语;C项可引导定语从句,在句中作时间状语;D项可引导定语从句,在句中作地点状 语 。 从 句 中 的 l i v e 为 不 及 物 动 词 , 先 行 词 t h e environment在定语从

21、句中作地点状语,故选D项。答案D洞察洞察命题动向命题动向感悟感悟真题精髓真题精髓把握把握高考热点高考热点创新创新典题狂练典题狂练考点关系代词引导的定语从句1who,whom,that这些词代替的先行词是表示人的名词或代词,在从句中可作主语、宾语等,其中whom只能作宾语。Ellen was a painter of birds and of nature,who,for some reason,had withdrawn from all human society.埃伦是一个画鸟类和自然的画家,出于某种原因,他已退出了所有的社会活动。洞察洞察命题动向命题动向感悟感悟真题精髓真题精髓把握把握高

22、考热点高考热点创新创新典题狂练典题狂练2which,that所代替的先行词是表示事物的名词或代词,在从句中可作主语、宾语等。Youll find taxis waiting at the bus station which you can hire to reach your host family.在公共汽车站你会发现有出租车在那里等,你可以租(一辆) 去主人家里。The old town has narrow streets and small houses that are built close to each other.这座古老的城镇街道狭窄,小房子挨得很近。洞察洞察命题动向命题动

23、向感悟感悟真题精髓真题精髓把握把握高考热点高考热点创新创新典题狂练典题狂练3whose用来指人或物,在定语从句中只作定语。Children who are not active or whose diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly.很少进行体育锻炼或饮食富含脂肪的孩子体重会增加很快。The school shop,whose customers are mainly students,is closed for the holidays.这家校内商店放假时关门,它的顾客主要是学生。洞察洞察命题动向命题动向感悟感悟真题精髓真题精髓把握把握高考

24、热点高考热点创新创新典题狂练典题狂练考点关系副词引导的定语从句1关系副词when,where,why的先行词是表示时间、地点或理由的名词,在从句中作状语。The reason why I don trust him is that he often tells lies.我不信任他的原因是他常常撒谎。洞察洞察命题动向命题动向感悟感悟真题精髓真题精髓把握把握高考热点高考热点创新创新典题狂练典题狂练名师指津(1)当先行词为一些表示抽象地点的名词,如:point,situation,case,stage等,如果引导词在从句中作状语,常用关系副词where引导定语从句;如果不作状语,则用关系代词tha

25、t/which。Remember that there is still one point which we must make clear at the conference tomorrow.记住在明天的会议上我们还有一点必须弄清楚。Shes in a hopeless situation,where we will keep a very close eye on her.她处于无望的处境中,在这种情况下我们将密切注意她。洞察洞察命题动向命题动向感悟感悟真题精髓真题精髓把握把握高考热点高考热点创新创新典题狂练典题狂练(2)先行词为occasions,当“时机”讲时,用关系副词when;

26、当“场合”讲时,用关系副词where。Occasions are quite rare when I have the time to spend a day with my kids.我有时间陪我的孩子们一天的机会很少。洞察洞察命题动向命题动向感悟感悟真题精髓真题精髓把握把握高考热点高考热点创新创新典题狂练典题狂练2the way后面的定语从句的关系词。在定语从句中,the way是一个比较特殊的先行词,当它在从句中充当方式状语时,其后的关系词可以是in which,that或省略;但是当它在从句中充当主语、宾语成分时,其后的关系词就用that或which。The way (that/whi

27、ch) I thought of to solve this problem proves to be practical.我想到的解决这个问题的方法证明是可行的。(先行词作宾语) I dont like the way (that/in which) you solve the problem.我不喜欢你解决问题的方法。(先行词作方式状语) 洞察洞察命题动向命题动向感悟感悟真题精髓真题精髓把握把握高考热点高考热点创新创新典题狂练典题狂练考点“介词关系代词”引导的定语从句1“介词关系代词”中的关系代词只有whom(指人),which(指物) 和whose三个。Julie was good at

28、 German,French and Russian,all of which she spoke fluently.Julie擅长德语、法语和俄语,所有的(三门语言) 她都说得很流利。洞察洞察命题动向命题动向感悟感悟真题精髓真题精髓把握把握高考热点高考热点创新创新典题狂练典题狂练2“复合介词短语关系代词”引导的定语从句常与先行词用逗号分开,定语从句常用倒装语序。He lived in a big house,in front of which stood a big tree.他住在一个大房子里,房子前面有一棵大树。3“ofwhich/whom”表示所属关系。(表所属关系也可用whose)

29、She showed the visitors around the museum,the construction of which had taken more than three years.她带着游客参观这座博物馆花了三年多才建成的建筑。洞察洞察命题动向命题动向感悟感悟真题精髓真题精髓把握把握高考热点高考热点创新创新典题狂练典题狂练名师指津该考点考查的重点在于“用不用介词”和“用什么介词”。因此在答题时我们必须注意解题思路。可采用“先行词还原法”将先行词还原到从句中来确定正确的介词,具体做法是:(1)把先行词放在从句中,从句子的意思来判断用不用介词和用什么介词。He was the

30、man from whose room the thief had stolen the bag.他就是被小偷从其房间偷走包的那个人。(从他的房间里应用介词from) 洞察洞察命题动向命题动向感悟感悟真题精髓真题精髓把握把握高考热点高考热点创新创新典题狂练典题狂练(2)注意从句中动词、形容词、名词与介词的固定搭配。In the dark street,there wasnt a single person to whom she could turn for help.在漆黑的大街上没有一个人能为她提供帮助。(to与从句谓语动词构成搭配,turn to“求助于”) 洞察洞察命题动向命题动向感悟

31、感悟真题精髓真题精髓把握把握高考热点高考热点创新创新典题狂练典题狂练考点as和which引导的定语从句1as引导的限制性定语从句用在the same.as,such.as,as.as,so.as结构中,as可以作主语、宾语或表语,可以用来代替先行词是表示人或物的名词。They could only read such stories as had been rewritten in simple English.他们只能读类似这样的一些用简易英语改写的故事。(as作主语) These houses are sold at such a low price as people expected.

32、这些房子以人们期望的低价出售。(as作宾语) 洞察洞察命题动向命题动向感悟感悟真题精髓真题精髓把握把握高考热点高考热点创新创新典题狂练典题狂练2关系代词as,which引导非限制性定语从句的区别(1)as引导的非限制性定语从句,既可在主句前,又可在主句后,有时还可插入主句中,而which引导的非限制性定语从句只能置于主句之后。After graduating from college,I took some time off to go travelling,which turned out to be a wise decision.大学毕业后我抽出一部分时间去旅游,事实证明这是一个明智的选

33、择。洞察洞察命题动向命题动向感悟感悟真题精髓真题精髓把握把握高考热点高考热点创新创新典题狂练典题狂练(2)当非限制性定语从句放在主句前面时,只能用as。注意此时与名词性从句的互换。As is known to everybody,the moon travels round the earth once every month. It is known to everybody that the moon travels round the earth once every month.(名词性从句) What is known to everybody is that the moon tr

34、avels round the earth once every month.(名词性从句) 众所周知,月球每月绕地球转一圈。洞察洞察命题动向命题动向感悟感悟真题精髓真题精髓把握把握高考热点高考热点创新创新典题狂练典题狂练(3)as意为“正如”,后面的谓语动词多是see,know,expect,say,mention,report,announce等;which意为“这一点”。The air quality in the city,as is shown in the report,has improved over the past two months.正如报告中所表明的,城市空气质量在过去两个月里已经得到改善。洞察洞察命题动向命题动向感悟感悟真题精髓真题精髓把握把握高考热点高考热点创新创新典题狂练典题狂练点击此处进入点击此处进入

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