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1、初中英语语法知识精讲：常考动词用法归纳（11）英语动词的五种分类(根据语法特征)英语动词根据不同的语法特征可以有多种分类。一、及物动词与不及物动词根据其后是否带宾语，动词可分为及物动词(带宾语)和不及物动词(不带宾语):Everyone laughed.大家都笑了。(laugh不带宾语，为不及物动词)He bought a dictionary.他买了一本词典。(buy带了宾语，为及物动词【注】有的动词既可用作及物动词也可用作不及物动词:I drank some brandy.我喝了一些白兰地。(及物用法)He has been drinking again.他又在喝酒了。(不及物用法)二、实
2、意动词和非实意动词根据其含义和句子功用，动词可分为实意动词和非实意动词(包括时态助动词和情态助动词等):He likes reading story books. 他喜欢看故事书。(like和read为实意动词)He has read the story book. 他已读过这本故事书。(has为时态助动词)He should read the story book.他应该读读这本故事书。(should为情态助动词)三、限定动词和非限定动词根据其是否为主语所限定，动词可分为限定动词和非限定动词。限定动词在句中可用作谓语，而非限定动词则不用作谓语(用作主语、宾语、补语、状语、定语等)，非限定动词
3、包括不定式、动名词、分词三种:He likes English.他喜欢英语。(like为限定动词)I hope to see you this evening. 我希望今天晚上见到你。(to see为非限定动词)The house needs repairing. 这房子需要修缮。(repairing 为非限定动词)He had his wallet stolen on the bus.他的钱包在公共汽车上被偷了。(stolen为非限定动词)四、动态动词和静态动词根据词义特点，动词可分为动态动词和静态动词，动态动词主要指动作动词，而静态动词则主要指表示情感、内心活动、感觉、相互关系等的动词:I
4、 worked there for five years. 我在那儿工作了五年。(work为动态动词He no longer lives here.他不再住这儿了。(live为动态动词)I know he is honest. 我知道他是诚实的。(know为静态动词)Everyone likes the book. 大家都喜欢这本书。(like为静态动词The house belongs to Mr Smith. 这房子是史密斯的。(belong为静态动词)五、延续性动词和非延续性动词根据动作是否延续，动词可分为延续性动词和非延续性动词:It rained for three days.下了三
5、天雨。(rain为延续性动词)He left here three days ago. 他三天前就离开了。(lef为非延续性动词)(注】除以一类别的动词外，英语中还有连系动词、反身动词、短语动词等。decide的两个常用搭配1.表示“决定做某事”，其后要接不定式，不能接动名词。如:They decided to delay the meeting. 他们决定把会议推迟。She decided to call his office.她决定给他办公室打电话。若要接动名词，应先接介词 on(但不如用不定式结构常见)。如:We decided on leaving. 我们决定离开。He decided
6、 on going abroad.他决定出国。另外，decide on之后还可接名词或代词，表示“对作出决定”或“选定”。如:We havent decided on a price but were open to offers. 价钱未定，欢迎顾主开价。After seeing all the candidates weve decided on this one.我们见了所有的候选人，决定选这位。2.表示“决定不做某事”，可用 decide not to do 或 decide against doing。如:He decide not to change against changin
7、g his job. 他决定不换工作。They have decided not to move against moving to London他们已决定不搬到伦敦去。另外，decide against 之后也可接名词或代词。如:After talking the matter over. they decided against the plan.经过反复讨论，他们决定不采用该计划。dare用作情态动词和实义动词的用法1.用作情态动词，主要用于否定句、疑问句或条件从句中。如:They dare not tell the truth. 他们不敢说真话。Dare you say that to
8、 the boss?你敢向上司说这种话吗?How dare you ask me such a question?你怎么敢问我这样的问题?If you dare speak to me like that again, you will be sorry. 你敢再这样对我说，你会后悔的。注意，I dare say 是习惯说法，并不一定要译为“我敢说”。它所表示的是一种不肯定的语气，常译为“很可能”“大概”“我想”等。有时用作反语。如:I dare say (that) you are right. 我想你是对的。Oh, you mean to win? I dare say you will.
9、啊，你想打赢?我且看你赢吧。作为情态动词，dare 没有单数第三人称形式，但有过去式。如:He dared not go near the place. 他不敢走近那个地方。How dared he tell everybody I was looking for a newjob!他竟敢告诉每个人我在找新工作!但是尽管有过去式，人们还是常用现在式表示过去或后接完成式动词。如:Mother dare(d)not tel father shed given away his old jacket.母亲不敢告诉父亲她把他的旧上衣送人了。I darent have done it yesterday
10、, but I think I dare now.我昨天不敢做此事，但我想我现在敢做了。2.用作实义动词，意为“敢于”，可以有各种词形变化，其后多接带to的不定式(有时 to 也可省去)，可用于肯定句、否定句、疑问句以及各种从句。如:He didnt dare (to)go. 他不敢去。We must dare to think. speak and act. 我们必须敢想，敢说，敢做。I wonder how he dares (to) say such things.我纳闷他怎么竟敢说出这样的话来。The boy stood before the teacher, not daring t
11、o look up.这个小男孩站在老师面前不敢抬头。另外，有时还用作及物动词，表示“激”“向挑战”，通常用于dare sb to do sth。如:I dare you to tell your mother. 我谅你也不敢告诉你母亲。He dared me to jump from the bridge to the river. 他挑唆我，要我从桥上跳下河。contribute 的用法与搭配1.表示“指献”“指助”“指款”时，无论用作及物还是不及物，均通常与介词to(有时用towards)连用。如:Every worker contributed 100 yuan to the Red C
12、ross.每个工人向红十字会捐赠100元。He contributed a lot good ideas to the discussion.他在这次讨论中提出了很多很好的建议。2.当contribute ()to后接动词时，通常用动名词(因为to是介词)。如:Everyone on the team contributed to winning the game.球队的每个人都为赢得比赛而作出贡献。He contributed much time to studying English usage.他把许多时间用来研究英语惯用法。但是，有时也可用动词原形(即将to视为不定式符号)。如:We
13、all contributed money to buy Richards present我们都凑了钱给理查德买礼物。动词choose用法归纳1.表示“选择”，可以带双宾语。如:He chose me an ice present.=He chose a nice present for me.他为我选了件漂亮的礼物。比较以下带复合宾语的情形以及其相关句型:They chose me chairman.They chose measfor chairman.=They chose me to be chairman.他们选我当主席。2.表示在两者之间选择用介词 between,表示在三者之间选
14、择用介词 among(有时也用其他介词)。如:He had to choose between death and dishonour他必须在死亡和屈犀之间作出选择。He chose three among from, out of these books. 他从这些书中挑选了三本。3.choose表示“选择”，是指“选择出来”，而不是指“从选择”，所以下面一句句末的介词不能省略。如:Here are some books for you to choose from among.这些书可供你选择。4.后可接不定式，可表示“决定做某事”“宁愿做某事”“选择做某事”。如:He chose to
15、say nothing. 他宁愿什么都不说。He chose to go with us. 他决定同我们一起去。He didnt choose to marry her他不原同她结婚。下面两句not的位置不同，否定的范围也不同:He chose not to go home. 他决定不回家了。He did not choose to help us.他不愿帮助我们。discover的用法与搭配1.为及物动词，注意不要漏掉其后必要的宾语。如:我的钱包不见了，我刚刚发现的。误: My wallet is missing. I just discovered.正:My wallet is missi
16、ng. I just discovered it.2.表示“发现”某一具体的东西，后接名词或代词作宾语。如:William Roentgen discovered X-rays.威廉伦琴发现x射线。Columbus discovered America in 1492.哥伦布于1492年发现美洲。3.表示“发现”某一情况，其后的宾语可以是:(1) 名词或代词。如:On arriving home I discovered the burglary.我一到家就发现家中被盗。Newton discovered the principle of universal gravitation.牛顿发现了
17、万有引力定律。(2) 动名词的复合宾语。如:We discovered her to be a good cook我们发现她菜做得很好。He discovered her sitting near the fire, reading a book 他发现她坐在炉火边看书。有时也接不定式的复合结构，但该不定式通常为to be;若为其他动词，则通常为完成式(注意有时使用被动语态)。如:She was discovered to be pregnant. 人们发现她怀孕了。He was later discovered to have been a spy.后来发现他原来是间谍。(3) 疑问词+不定
18、式。如:I couldnt discover how to use it. 我不知道如何去用它。We never discovered how to open the box. 我们从未找到打开这只箱子的办法。(4) 从句。如:We discovered that we were on the wrong train. 我们发觉上错了火车。Do you ever discover who sent you the flowers?你发没发现谁给你送的花?We have never discovered what took place that night. 我们从未发觉那天晚上发生了什么事情。
19、consider的用法与语法1.表示“考虑”，其后可接名词、动名词或从句作宾语(但不能接不定式作宾语)。如:Please consider my suggestion.请考虑我的建议。She is considering going to Europe.她在考虑去欧洲。虽然consider(考虑)之后不能直接跟不定式作宾语，但却可以接“疑问词+不定式”。如:He considered how to answer=He considered how he could answer 他考虎如何回答。2.表示“认为”“把看作”，比较以下同义句型:我们认为他是我们的朋友。We consider him
20、 (as)our friendWe consider him (to be) our friend We consider that he is our friend3.后接不定式的复合结构作宾语时，其不定式通常为 to be。如:Do you consider that to be important?你认为这重要吗?You shouldnt consider him to be a selfish man.你不应当认为他是一个自私的人。但时时也可能是实义动词，但此时通常要用完成式(注意其被动形式的使用)。如:We consider him to have left. 我们认为他已离开。Th
21、e campaign was considered to have failed.这次运动被认为已经失败。connect的用法与搭配1.与介词with或to搭配，薏思稍有不同:用介词with指把A与B联系起来或连接在一起，A、B之间不分主次，目其中的介词with有时也可换成连词and。如:They fit closely together and connect with each other.它们紧密地卡合在一起，联结成一个整体。A good student must connect what he reads with what he sees around him. 一个好学生必须将他所
22、读到的东西与他周围所看到的东西联系起来。用介词to指把A连接在B上，说话者以B为主，为A为辅。如:Click here to connect to the Internet.点击此处可以连接上互联网。Will you connect this wire to the television? 请你把这根电线和电视机连上好吗?有时可用连词 and 代替介词 with. to。如:Arail way connects Beijing and(=with/to)Shanghai.北京和上海之间有铁路相连。2.下列情况，通常用介词 with。如:(1)表示关系方面的“联系时:Hes connected
23、with our school. 他与我们学校有联系。He is connected with the Smiths.他与史密斯家有姻亲。Mathematics is connected with astronomy数学与天文学有联系。(2)表示汽车、火车、飞机等交通方面的“相通”“衔接”时:This early bus from the village connects with the 8:30 train.这辆从村里开来的早班车与8:30的火车衔接。conclude的用法与语法1.表示“结束”，可用作及物或不及物动词，表示以某种方式结束通常用介词 with，by 等。如:He has c
24、oncluded his research. 他已完成了他的研究工作。He concluded his talk with a funny story. 他以一个有趣的故事结束讲话。He concluded by giving us some advice. 他结束时给我们提了些建议。2.表示“断定”或“推出”，是及物动词，但通常只接 that 从句或不定式的复合结构(目不定式只能是to be型)作宾语，通常不接简单宾语，也不用于进行时态。如:我们断定是他错了。We concluded that he was wrongWe concluded him to be wrong我断定他一定是出事
25、了。I concluded that he must have met with an accident.误:I concluded him to have met with an accident3.表示“决定”，其后通常接不定式或 that 从句。如:We concluded to wait for fair weather. /We concluded thatWe would wait for fair weather. 我们决定等待好天气。4.期刊杂志等在连载文章时，表示“待续”用 to be continued,表示“下期续完”用 to be concluded,表示“全部载完”则通常用concluded。学科网（北京）股份有限公司