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1、初中英语语法知识精讲：常考动词用法归纳（2）contribute的用法搭配1.表示“捐献”“捐助”“捐款”时，无论用作及物还是不及物，均通常与介词to(有时用towards)连用。如:Every worker contributed 100 yuan to the Red Cross.每个工人向红十字会捐赠100元。He contributed a lot good ideas to the discussion.他在这次讨论中提出了很多很好的建议。2.当contribute (.)to后接动词时，通常用动名词(因为to是介词)。如:Everyone on the team contribut
2、ed to winning the game.球队的每个人都为赢得比赛而作出贡献。He contributed much time to studying English usage他把许多时间用来研究英语惯用法。但是，有时也可用动词原形(即将 to视为不定式符号)。如:We all contributed money to buy Richards present. 我们都凑了钱给理查德买礼物。take的常见用法与搭配1.表示“拿去”“带去”等，与 bring(拿来)方向相反。如:Please take the empty cup away and bring me a cup oftea.
3、请把这个空杯拿走，给我倒杯茶来。若语义需要，其后可带双宾语;若双宾语易位，用介词to引出间接宾语。如:Please take him a cup of tea.=Please take a cup of tea to him.请给他端杯茶去。有时表示“拿去”可能与方向无关。如:He took the box to the farm. 他把那个箱子带到了农场。2.表示“搭乘(交通工具)”，比较下面的同义表达:他决定乘出租车去火车站。He decided to take a taxi to the rail way stationHe decided to go to the railway st
4、ation by taxi3.表示“认为“当作”等，通常与 for. to be.as 连用。如:He took me for my brother. 他错把我当成是我兄弟。I took him for an honest man to be honest. 我看他为人老实。按传统说法，take.for 往往指不合事实地误认为”，而 take.to be as 则可能指正确地也可能指不正确地“认为”，但现代英语已不完全遵循此规则。4.表示“花费”，主要用于时间，有也用于人力、人手、劳力、精力、脑力等。如:The flight will take three hours. 路上要飞3小时。It
5、takes patience. 做这工作需要耐心。It takes two to make a quarrel.一个巴掌拍不响。It took three men to lift the box. 抬这个箱子要3个人。It takes a lot of labor to build a railway修筑一条铁路要花费许多劳动力。比较以下同义表达:他写这本书花了5年时间。正: It took him five years to write the bookIt took five years for him to write the bookHe took five years writing
6、 the book以上各句均可说，但以第一句最为普通。在现代英语中take有时可用于金钱。如:t takes a lot of money to buy a house like that.买那样的房子需要很多钱。It will take ten million dollars to build the library.建这个图书馆要花1.000万美元。5.用于take to，用法如下:(1)对.产生好感，开始喜欢I took to her the moment l met her. 我一见到她就立刻对她产生了好感。(2) 形成的习惯，沉溺于(通常后接动名词)He soon took to d
7、rinking again. 不久他又喝起酒来。(3) 前往(某处)，求助于The criminal took to the woods to hide. 罪犯跑到树林里藏起来了。He was ill and had to take to bed. 他病倒了，只好卧床。walk用作动词时的及物与不及物1.用作动词，表示“步行”“散步”等，是不及物动词。如:He walked away sadly. 他伤心地走了。Walking in step is not easy. 要走齐是不容易的。Dont walk on the grass. 不要在草坪上走。2.有时用作及物动词，但用法非常有限，主要见
8、于以下情形:(1)表示“陪着走”“护送走”。如:He offered to walk her to the station. 他提出陪她去车站。(2)表示“带着(宠物)散步”“遛(狗、马等)”。如:Between one and two l was walking the dog.一点到两点之间我在遛狗。(3)表示“步行走过(一段距离)”。如:I do not much mind walking the five miles. 我不太介意步行5英里的路。(4)表示“步行沿着走”“步行走过”。如:She dared to walk the tightrope without a net. 她敢于
9、不用安全网踩钢丝。We walked the fields looking for wild flowers. 我们走过田野寻找着野花。有时及物和不及物两种用法可能会混用。如:Its dangerous to walk (on) the streets of New York alone after dark.天黑之后，一个人在纽约的大街上行走是很危险的。show搭配的常用表达和句式1.表示拿.给人看，可以带双宾语。双宾语易位时，要用介词 to。如:把你收集的邮票拿给我们看看好吗?正:Will you please show us your stamp collection?正:Will yo
10、u please show your stamp collection to us?误:Will you please show us your stamp collection to see?2.比较以下句子:He showed me the room. 他带我看那房间。He showed me into the room. 他领我进了那房间。He showed me the door. 他将我逐出门外。He showed me to the door. 他送我到门口。用于show sb round around，意为“陪某人参观”“带某人到处看看”等。如:Has anyone shown
11、you round yet? 有没有人带你四处走走?We were shown around the school bv one of the students. 我们由一名学生领着参观了学校。3.表示通过做示范教某人做某事，其后不接不定式的复合结构，即不用于show sb to do sth， 而用show sb how to do sth。如:他教我们种菜。正: He showed us how to plant vegetables.误:He showed us to plant vegetables但是，表示“表明”“证明”时，其后可接不定式的复合结构，但其中的不定式通常为to be或
12、其他动词的完成式。如:This showed him to be honest. 这说明他是诚实的。His record shows him to have worked hard at school. 他的成绩证明他在校学习很用功。waste的用法与搭配1.用作动词，表示“浪费”，注意以下句型与结构:(1)用于waste time (money) on over,uponsth，表示“在方面浪费时间(金钱)”。如:I dont think we need waste much time on this. 我想我们不必在这上面浪费时间了。Dont waste any more time ove
13、r it. 不要再在这上面浪费时间了。2)用于 waste time (money)(in.on)doing sth，表示浪费时间(金钱)做某事”。如She wasted her time and money (on) paying bribes. 她将时间和金钱浪费于贿赂。We wasted a whole afternoon (in) trying to repair the car 我们浪费了整整一下午的时间想把汽车修理好。waste 之后也可接除 time, money 之外的名词作宾语。如:Dont waste your efforts on helping him.不要白费力气去帮
14、他。Im not going to waste any more words on the subject. 我不想在这个问题上多费唇舌了。2.waste也可用作名词，表示“浪费”，不可数，但可连用不定冠词。如:The policy is aimed at reducing waste. 这项政策旨在减少浪费。Its a waste of time your talking to him. 你和他谈话是白费时间。It was mere waste of breath to argue with him.和他辩论不过是白费气力。另外，它还可表示“废料”“废物”等，也不可数。如:Waste fro
15、m the body passes out from the bowels.身体中的废物由肠道排出。Industrial waste must be prevented from polluting our rivers.必须阻止工业废料污染我们的江河。Where do you put your kitchen waste?你把厨房里的垃圾放在哪里?3.有时还可用作形容词，表示“无用的”“废弃的”等。如:He threw it away, thinking it was waste paper. 他把它扔掉，以为它是废纸。He made a considerable fortune selling waste materials.他靠卖废料发了大财。学科网（北京）股份有限公司