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1、初中英语语法:比较级考点精讲(2)六个重要的比较结构用法归纳1. asas的用法特点其间只能接形容词与副词的原级,不能用比较级和最高级。有时该结构可受(not) nearly, almost, just, nothing like, exactly, not quite, half, one-ten, twice, three times, 30 per cent等的修饰,注意这些修饰语必须置于第一个as之前,而不能置于其后。如:The dining-room is twice as big as the kitchen.餐厅是厨房的两倍大。At best we can do only hal
2、f as much as last year.我们最多能完成去年工作量的一半。注:该结构中的形容词有时还可修饰另一名词,但这个名词应带有不定冠词(注意词序)。比较:She is as good a cook as her mother.= She is a cook as good as her mother.她和她妈妈一样是位好厨师。2. more and more的用法特点其意为“越来越”,其后可接修饰名词(不可数名词或复数名词均可),也可修饰形容词、副词、动词、介词短语等。如:More and more people are concerning themselves with envi
3、ronmental problems.越来越多的人关心环境问题。The little girl is growing to be more and more like her mother.这个小姑娘长得越来越像她妈妈了。As time went on, he found it more and more difficult to support his family.他日渐发觉要养活一家人是越来越难了。3. more or less的用法特点基本意思是“或多或少”、“在一定程度上”、“大体上”、“大约”等。如:The job is more or less finished.工作大体上完成了
4、。His condition has more or less improved.他的情况多少有些改进。The repairs will cost $50,more or less.修理费大约要50美元。注:在否定句中可表示“一点也不”。如:I didnt understand it, more or less.我一点也不懂。4. more than与less than的用法比较(1) more than的基本义是“多于”,但根据不同情况可以有较灵活的翻译,如表“(指数量)多于”、“比多”、“不只是”、“不仅仅是”、“非常”等。如:Hes lived here for more than 30
5、 years.他在这已住了30多年了。Two eyes can see more than one.两只眼睛比一只眼睛看得真。He is more than a father to her.他待她胜过父亲。They were more than glad to help.他们非常乐于帮忙。(2) less than的基本意思是“少于”、“比少”。如:I wont take less than $5000 for my car.我的汽车低于5000美元不卖。The actual cost of repairs was a lot less than we had expected.实际的修理费用
6、比我们预期的要低得多。5. more than与lessthan的用法比较从本义上看,前者表示“比多(更)”,后者表示“比少”或“不如”。He has more money than me.他的钱比我多。He is said to pay less income tax than he should.据说他所得税交得不够。另外,两者均可用于引申义,表示“与其不如”,但两个比较的对象的位置不一样。如:He is less a teacher than an expert.= He is more an expert than a teacher.与其说他是老师,不如说他是专家。6.关于“no+比
7、较级+than”结构这类结构通常不是表示一般意义的否定,而是表示对待比较的两个对象同时进行否定,通常可理解为“与一样不”。如:You are no more careful than he is.你和他一样不仔细。A half truth is often no better than a lie.半真半假的话常常跟谎言一样糟。比较并体会以下结构:no better than = as bad as与一样不好(即一样坏)no faster than = as slow as与一样不快(即一样慢)no earlier than= as late as与一样不早(即一样迟)注:同学们要善于根据以上
8、用法推知其他一些类似结构的意思,如no more than的意思是“与一样不多”,强调少,通常可译为“只有”;no less than的意思是“与一样不少”,强调多,通常可译为“多达”、“有之多”。英语比等级的常见修饰语一、比较级的常见修饰语比较级的常见修饰语有far, even,still,many,more, a lot, lots, a great deal, a bit a little. slightly. rather. three times. any. no.very much等。如:Today is even colder than yesterday今天比昨天更冷。Eins
9、tein once said,“Politics is much more difficult than physics.”爱因斯坦曾说,“政治比物理更难。”The sick man seems still worse today than yesterday.那个病人的情况今天似乎比昨天更糟。二、最高级的常见修饰语最高级的常见修饰语有(by)far much nearly,almost, not quite, by no means, very, second,next等。如:This is much the most difficult.这是最最难的。He is by far the ta
10、llest among us. 他是我们当中最高的。It is Chinas third largest city.它是中国的第大三城市。I want to give my children the very best education I can afford.我想给我孩子力所能及的最良好的教育。注:(1) very. second. third 等通常不用干修饰比较级,但可用干修饰最高级,目要放在最高级前的定时词之后,而不是之前。(2) by far 与最高级连用时,通常可放在最高级之前或之后;而与比较级连用时却通常要放在比较级之后,若放在比较级前,则比较级通常应带有冠词。如:He is
11、 by far the tallest among us. 他是我们当中最高的。She is the best teacher by far,她是最最好的老师。He is by far the cleverer than her他比她要聪明得务。elder与eldest的用法问题1.用干家人之间表明长幼关系,只用作定语而不用作表语,也不与 than 连用。如:My eldest son is 13 years old.我的大,子13岁。The elder sister takes care of the young children.姐姐照顾小弟妹。但是,在美国英语中,也可用older, ol
12、dest 表示长幼关系。如:older brother(哥哥),oldest daughter(最大的女儿)2.elder与eldest 的区别是:前者指两者中年纪较大的,而后者指三者或三者以上的年纪最大的。如:ones elder son 指两个儿子中年纪较大的一个ones eldest son 指三个或三个以上的儿子中年纪最大的一个但是,在口语中eldest有时也可用于只有两者的情况。如:His eldest boys at school: the other is still at home.他的大儿子在上学,另一个还呆在家里。3.若作为形容词,通常只能用作定语,不用作表语;但若不是用作形容词(即其后不接名词)而是用作名词,则可以用作表语(此时通常有冠词或物主代词修饰)。如:Jim is my eldest. 吉姆是我最大的孩子。Im the eldest in the family.我是全家年纪最大的。He was the elder of the two sons. 他是两个儿子中较大的。Hes my elder by two years. /Hes two years older thanI.他比我大两岁。学科网(北京)股份有限公司