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1、初中英语语法：比较级考点精讲(1)asas结构的用法要点(1)基本用法该结构的基本意思是“与一样”，其中接形容词或副词的原 级，在否定句中，第一个as也可换成S0o如：He doesnt study as so hard as his brother. 他学习不 如他弟弟努力。(2)涉及数量或程度的用法若涉及数量或程度，可用“as much+不可数名词+as”和as many+ 可数名词复数+as” 如：He doesn t pay as much tax as we do / as us, 他没我们 交的税款多。There are not as many restaurants as the
2、re were. 现在餐 馆没有过去多了。(3)有关词序的一点说明其间接形容词时，有时该形容词还可修饰另一名词，但这个名词 应带有不定冠词(注意词序)。如：I have as good a voice as you.我的声音和你一样好。(4)该结构的修饰语根据情况可用(not) nearly, almost, just, nothing like, exactly, not quite, half, one-ten, twice, three times, 30 per cent等修饰，并且这些修饰语必须置于第一个as之前，而不能置于 其后。如：This room is twice as la
3、rge as thatone. (ww. cpsenglish. com) 这个房间是那个房间的两个大。You re not half as clever us you think you are. 你远不 是自己想像的那么聪明。It took three times as long as I had expected. 这件事比 我预料的多花了两倍的时间。形容词与副词的比较等级用法注意点英语中的形容词和副词有三个等级，即原级、比较级和高最级。 比较级主要用于两者比较，最高级主要用于多者比较。使用时注意以 下几点：一、不能使用双重比较等级即构成比较级时不能既加词尾-er,又在其前加more；构
4、成最高 级时不能既在词尾加-est,又在其前加most,如不能说more better, most earl iest等。不过“比较级+and+比较级”这样的形式却完全 可用。如：I am getting fatter and fatter.我越来越胖了。We re going more and more slowly. 我们越走越慢了。二、使用比较等级要注意合乎逻辑请看两组正误句：我的电脑比她的贵。误：My computer is more expensive than her正：My computer is more expensive than hers.析：从逻辑上说，应该是my co
5、mputer 与 her computer 作 比较，而不是my computer 与her 比较。上面正句中的hers=her computero上海人口比中国其他城市的人口要多。误：The population of Shanghai is larger than that of any city in China.正：The population of Shanghai is larger than that of any other city in China.析：从逻辑上说，Shanghai在China范围内，或者说Shanghai 也是China范围内的一个城市，若不用other,
6、则句意为“上海的人 比中国任何城市的人口都多”，三、注意比较级和最高级的常见修饰语(1)比较级的修饰语：常见的有far, even, still, a lot, lots, a great deal, a bit, rather, three times, any, no, very much 等。如：Japanese is much far more difficult than English. 日 语比英语难多了。She felt a great deal more comfortable now. 她现在感觉 舒服多了。He works hard, but she works stil
7、l harder harder still.他工作很努力，但她工作更努力。(2)最高级的修饰语：常见的有(by) far, much, nearly, almost, not quite, by no means, very, second, next 等。如：His illness is far more serious than we thought. 他的病 比我们想像的要严重得多。China s population is by far the largest of any country.中国是全世界人口最多的国家。I want to give my children the ver
8、y best education I can afford.我想给我孩子力所能及的最良好的教育。The Yellow River is the second longest river in China. 黄 河是中国第二长河流。注：不能修饰比较级，却可修饰最高级，但它与一般的修 饰最高的副词有所不同，即它要放在最高级前定冠词之后，而不是之 前(另外，second, third, next等也要入在定冠词之后)。最高级前如何使用the(1)在形容词最高级前通常用the,而副词最高级前可用the,也可省略。如：He was considered the best actor in London
9、他当时被看成 是伦敦最出色的演员。Those who work (the) most often get paid (the) least.工 作最多的人常常工资最低。(2)当最高级形容词用作表语(尤其是用于which后)且不带比 较范围时，the在正式场合通常可以省略。如：Which question did you think was (the) most diffcult?你 认为哪个问题最难？(3)当要对同一个人或事物在不同情况下进行对比时，最高级形 容词通常前不能加the。如：Vegetables are best when they are fresh.蔬菜新鲜时最好吃。He wo
10、rks hardest when hes doing something for his family 他为自己家做事时最卖力。比较级前如何使用定冠词the(1)若比较级后接名词或代词，且需特指，则可在比较级前用 the(当然若泛指则用不定冠词)。如：Which of them is the better choice?他们谁是更合适的人选?(2)当要特指两者中“较(更)”时，比较级前通常要带定冠词， 此时可视为比较级后省略了有关的名词或代词。ne。如：Of the two possibilities, this is more likely than that. 两个可能性中，后者比前者更可
11、能。(3)在“the+比较级，the+比较级”这一结构中使用the,属干 习惯用法，其意为“越越”。如：The more learned a man is, the more modest he usually is. 人前有学问，往往前是谦虚。(4)当比较级受by far修饰且by far置于其前时，比较级前要 用the。如：Hes by far the cleverer student.他是个聪明得多的学生。注：若by far用于比较级后，则不用the。less用于构成比较级less和least可加在形容词或副词等之前表示“较不”或 “最不 ”，可称为较低级(Lower Degree)或最
12、低级(Lowest Degree)本文只归纳less的用法(least的用法与之相似，只是意思 不同)。一、用于形容词前1 .用于单音节形容词前。如：Summer clothes are invariably less kind to fuller figures.体形较丰满的人穿夏装总是不那么好看。I found it immensely rewarding working with the less able children.为能力差的孩子工作我觉得是非常值得的。The voice, less coarse now, stirred her as it had then.现在那声音已不那
13、么刺耳，它又如当年一样让她怦然心动。2 .用于双(多)音节形容词前Jack was careful but Peter was less careful. 杰克细心， 但是彼得差一些。It may be less useful than it appears at first. 它似 乎不像初看上去那样有用。The body may be less resistant if it is cold. 天冷时， 身体的抵抗力会下降。They have been demoted to less responsible jobs. 他们 被降职去做不太重要的工作。Women are sometimes
14、 seen to be less effective as managers.女性有时被认为不善于管理。They want less passive ways of filling their time. 他 们想找些更为积极的方式来打发时间。Their dinner parties had become considerably less formal.他们的晚餐会已经远不如以前正式。The teacher had no patience with the less intelligent pupils.那位老师对不太聪明的学生没有耐性。People are becoming less to
15、lerant of smoking these days.如今人们对吸烟较为难以容忍了。To shorten the lecture, the professor left out the less important parts.为了缩短讲座时间，教授省略了那些不太重要 的部分。二、用于副词前1 .用于单音节副词前。如：Does it annoy you if others do things less well than you would, or don, t seem to try hard enough? 如果别人不如你能 干，或者似乎不够努力，你会很生气吗？Critics will
16、 point to other grand schemes that have gone less well, such as Sheffield s World Student Games disaster.批评家将会指出其他一些并不成功的大项目，比如谢菲 尔德世界大学生运动会这一败笔。2 .用于双（多）音节形容词前The sobs came less frequently, then stopped altogether.抽泣声越来越稀疏，然后完全停止了。Will they farm the rest of their land less intensively?他们会在其余土地上实施较轻程度的集约化耕种 吗？另外，less还可用于过去分词或介词短语等之前。如：Housing finance is less developed in continental Europe.住房金融业在欧洲大陆的发展程度较低。If you close a couple of windows, the screen will be less cluttered.关闭几个窗口，屏幕就不会那么杂乱了。At first sight it looked less like a capital city than a mining camp.乍看上去，它不像是首府，更像是矿工村