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1、备战2023年高考英语复习考点考 点38-完形填空记叙文(1 5空)(重难题型)T命 题 基 莠I全国卷对完形填空的考查，近几年来一直以记叙文和夹叙夹议文为主，以说明文和议论文为辅。从选材到试题的设置都呈现出“稳中有变”的特点：i.题材相对稳定：文章的选材都是中学生熟悉的话题，能够传递正能量，弘扬社会主义核心价值观,读后能给考生带来心灵的启迪。且文章大多原汁原味，语言地道，注重思想性和教育性，具有积极的教育意义，体现出了课程标准中对培养学生的情感、态度和价值观的要求。2.文章短小精悍：完形填空的文章长度一般为250词左右，结构完整，脉络清晰，难度适中，全文设置 2 0 个空格，要求考生根据文章
2、的整体内容，从层次结构和上下文的逻辑关系方面选择符合文章情节的选项，很少涉及纯语法知识试题。3.稳定中有变化:近几年高考完形填空在选项的设置上，打破了传统的四个选项类别一致的命题规律。题型解读：记叙文是记人叙事的文章，它主要是用于说明事件的时间、背景、起因、过程及结果，即我们通常所说的五个 W(what,who,when,where,why)和一个 H(how)记叙文的重点在于 述说 和 描写,因此一篇好的记叙文要叙述条理清楚，描写生动形象。1.叙述的人称英语的记叙文一般是以第一或第三人称的角度来叙述的。用第一称表示的是由叙述者亲眼所见、亲耳所闻的经历。它的优点在于能把故事的情节通过“我”来传
3、达给读者，使人读后感到真实可信，如身临其境。如：The other day,I was driving along the street.Suddenly,a car lost its control and ran directly towards me fast.I was so frightened that I quickly turned to the left side.But it was too late.The car hit my bike and I fell off it.用第三人称叙述，优点在于叙述者不受“我 活动范围以内的人和事物的限制，而是通过作者与读者之外的第三
4、者，直接把故事中的情节展现在读者面前，文章的客观性很强。如：Little Tom was going to school with an umbrella,for it was raining hard.On the way,he saw an old womanwalking in the rain with nothing to cover.Tom went up to the old woman and wanted to share the umbrella withher,but he was too short.What could he do?Then he had a good
5、 idea.2.动词的时态在记叙文中，记和叙都离不开动词。所以动词出现率最高，且富于变化。记叙文中用得最多的是动词的过去的，这是英语记叙文区别于汉语记叙文的关键之处。英语写作的优美之处就在于这些动词时态的变化，正是这一点才使得所记、所叙有鲜活的动态感、鲜明的层次感和立体感。3.叙述的顺序记叙一件事要有一定的顺序。无论是顺叙、倒叙、插叙还是补叙，都要让读者能弄清事情的来龙去脉。顺叙最容易操作，较容易给读者提供有关事情的空间和时间线索。但这种方法也容易使文章显得平铺直叙,读起来平淡乏味。倒叙、插叙、补叙等叙述方法能有效地提高文章的结构效果，让所叙之事跌宕起伏，使读者在阅读时思维产生较大的跳跃，从而
6、为文章所吸引，深入其中。但这些方法如果使用不当，则容易弄巧成拙，使文章结构散乱，头绪不清，让读者不知所云。4.叙述的过渡过渡在上下文中起着承上启下、融会贯通的作用。过渡往往用在地点转移或时间、事件转换以及由概在记叙文类完形填空的解题过程中，除了需要具备扎实的语言知识之外，还需要一套过硬的解题方法和技巧，很明显，如果掌握了正确的解题思路，就会起到事半功倍的效果，从而大幅度提高正确率。1 .读透首句，掌握主旨重视首句，明确短文话题，了解篇章结构，预测全文内容。绝大多数记叙文的作者都会用一句话点明人物的姓名、身份或事件发生的时间、地点，然后再逐渐深入介绍事件的发生、发展，最后得出结论，所以读透句首对
7、学生了解全文至关重要，这就是我们理解文章内在联系的 突破口 2 .跳空速读全文，掌握中心速读全文要求一气呵成，跳过空格，快速阅读，领会大意，把握中心。重点了解记叙文的要素，如：时间、地点、人物和事件等，从整体上把握文章的叙述顺序和结构主线。3.身临其境，故事重构采取换位思考的方式，假设自己就是故事的主人公，在此情此景下，模拟故事的情景，体会人物的心情，推理故事的发展，体验作者的心情以及观点和态度等，这样才能对故事或事件有一个贴切的把握，才能选出符合语境的选项。同时要注意文化背景知识和生活常识。4.关注末段，注意感想最后一段通常是作者的有感而发、心理体验或经验教训等。要注意结合语境选用合适的形容
8、词、副词、动词或名词等。5.浏览全文，复查核定根据记叙文的线索，考生一定要进行回查，仔细推敲，校正全文，使故事恢复原貌。检查要点是：(1)语意是否前后一致；(2)上下文是否通顺连贯，内容是否完整；(3)所选词汇是否符合语法、句法结构；(4)文化背景和生活常识是否合理。方 法 技 巧）1.利用语义复现解题复现是一种语义衔接手段,它通过原词、同义词或近义词、反义词、工 义 词、下义词、同源词或同根词等重复出现来表达某一概念,使整篇文章上下连贯，有机地衔接在一起因此，考生可根据文章的具体情况,理解文章的结构和语境利用文章中的语义复现来选择正确的答案。1.原词复现 经 典 好 题）One day th
9、eyll 47.wake up and discover that everything theyve always known about windows is a 48.I wonder if 49.parents should always tell the truth no matter the 50.consequences.I have a very strong 51.fearthat the lie were telling is doing 52.spiritual damage to our children.48.A.dream B.lie C.fantasy D.fac
10、t答 案 B分析：本起可以利用原词复现解题。由下文的“I have a very strong 51.fear that the lie.”并结合语境可知正确选项。2.同义复现For most people,having things stolen feels like an offence.Robbie Pruitt admitted that he got 16 when hediscovered the theft of his mountain bike last September.But soon enough,his 17.emotions took a turn.Afterle
11、tting go of his anger and frustration,he found himself on a road to sympathy 18.instead.16.A.amazed B.mad C.curious D.frightened答 案 B分析:本题可以利用同义复现解题。根据下文的“After letting go of his anger and frustration”可知此处和“anger”“frustration”是同义词，由此可知正确选项。3.反义复现Our 48.roles in the factoiy were simple:Place cakes on
12、 a moving belt.Attach icing（糖霜）ears.Apply icing eyes and nose.49.Remove bunny from the belt.This was 50 than it sounds.5L Slowdown a bit and the cakes pile up.As I told my parents at dinner that first night,it was all a little more high-pressure than Fd 52.expected.50.A.harder B.better C.longer D.ch
13、eaper答 案 A分析:本题可以利用反义复现解题。尽管前文提到了“Our48.roles in the factory were simple,根据下文中的“the cakes pile upa little more high-pressure可知，作者想表达实际上作者他们的工作并不像听上去那么简单,harder与 simple构成反义复现。4.代词复现Once fire and emergency people arrived,Larry and the other man 56.backed off and let them go to work.Then,Larry asked th
14、e 57 if he was needed or 58.free to go.They let him and the otherman go.57.A.woman B.police C.man D.driver答 案 B分析:本题可以利用代词复现解题。根据语境和下文中的“They”可知，拉里问是否还需要他，问的对象肯定是这些急救人员。下文中的代词“they”是复数，四个选项中只有police是集合名词，表示复数,也符合常识。2 利用作者态度或感情色彩关联解题在完形填空中，我们一定要在快速阅读文章的过程中，仔细找出能够反映作者态度和感情色彩的重要词汇,它们往往是名词、形容词、副词或动词。这些词
15、汇通常是我们做题时重要的参照线索,可以帮助我们快速确定某些题目的正确答案。My job was to 45.build a stairway out of rock.This 46.meant climbing up and down the side of a mountaininhabited(栖息)by mountain lions,although I should say they were only heard,never 47.seen.Three days later,a beautiful stairway came into being.The 48 of knowing
16、that my 49.work will be on thatmountainside for years to come is massive.48.A.satisfaction B.ambition C.expectation D.intention答 案 A分析:本题可以利用作者态度或感情色彩关联解题。根据划线处后半句“my 49.work will be on thatmountainside for years to come is massive”,“了解我的工作成果(work)将会在未来数年都在这个山坡上”，作者对自己的工作有十足的满足感，故 用 satisfaction“满足，
17、满足感。3 利用逻辑关系解题在句组层次题中,利用逻辑关系解题同样是一种重要的方法In addition to 31.practical skills,Pruitts lessons teach teamwork,encourage selfworth,and promote feelings of community.32,the kids have gained a sense of accomplishment.32.A.Otherwise B.HoweverC.Somehow D.Meanwhile答案D分析:本题考查连接词，可以利用逻辑关系解题。根据语境可知，此处表示与此同时，孩子们也
18、获得了成就感 otherwise“否则，不然”;however但是;somehow”以某种方式”;meanwhile”与此同时”。4 利用语境暗示分析法解题在句组层次题中,有些题目我们往往也需要通过上下文的语境暗示来解题，即根据已知信息，推导出正确答案。Burchill was 41.staying at the hotel on business and planning to 42,visit some friends in the area.They had askedhim to 43.bring some pepperoni（辣香肠）from back east.So he 44 a
19、 suitcase full of pepperoni.44.A.filled B.lockedC.abandoned D.lost答 案 A分析:本题可以利用语境暗示分析法解题。根据上文They had asked him to 43.bring some pepperoni（辣香肠）什 om back east：可推知Burchill应该是装了一手提箱的辣香肠带给朋友，此题选A 符合上下文语境。5 利用首句解题1）利用首句明大意Its the seaside birds that deserve at least part of the blame for getting Nick Bur
20、chill blacklisted at the FairmontEmpress Hotel in Victoria,Canada.根据首句可获取以下信息：Who:the seaside birds,Nick BurchillWhere:at the Fairmont Empress Hotel in Victoria,CanadaWhat:Nick Burchill got blacklisted2）利用主题段、主题句明大意Y经 其 好 题 As a businesswoman,!care deeply about my customers.But like anyone for whom
21、you feel affection,41 can alsodrive you mad.41.A.shopkeepers B.customersC.salespersons D.receptionists答 案 B解析 文章的首句是“Asabusinesswomancare deeply about my customers.由这一句我们可以推断:本文应该是写我如何善待顾客的。41空前后的内容告知我们:可是就像你喜欢的任何人一样，顾客也会让你受不了。选 B。3）依托语境，前后联系经 典 好 题Dad 53.smiled.The son of a grocer,hed spent the sum
22、mers of his childhood in 54 food in Benardsville,New Jersey.54.A.tasting B.finding C.sharing D.delivering答 案 D解 析 tasting品尝;finding找到;sharing分享;delivering送货。根据The son of a grocer”可知作为一个杂货商的儿子，父亲童年的夏天都在新泽西的贝马兹维尔送外卖。故选D 项。4）转承启合，摸准脉络Hisletter 40.Banned from the hotel since 2001.Burchill is now welcome
23、 to come back,the Fairmont said.40.A.arrived B.worked C.ended D.disappeared答 案 B解析根据“Banned from the hotel since 2001.Burchill is now welcome to come back,the Fairmont said.可知，他 的 信 起 作 用 故 选 B。5）前挂后连，立足整篇Id 45 minimum wage.This was the sort of work that made you 55.appreciate the dollars you earned
24、 andrespect those who did the work,he told me.A.offer B.earn C.set D.suggest答 案 B解析 根据下文第55题后面的“the dollars you earned”可知,当时的作者挣最低的工资。故选B 项。Close 1（2022浙江模拟预测）Generous billionaires are not hard to come by,but it is definitely a challenge to finda billionaire who spends all his fortune on charity jus
25、t to end up broke.This is what happened to“former“American billionaire Charles Feeney.Feeney,who grew up in a poor neighborhood of New Jersey,is a 2 at finding businessopportunities.Since childhood,he would take any job to make a few cents for his family jobs like 3umbrellas in summer and selling Ch
26、ristmas cards in winter.In his college years at Cornell University,he soldhome-made sandwiches to other students and is still 4 there as the Sandwich Man.Then,in the 1960s,Feeney 5 airport retailer Duty Free Shoppers（DFS）,which helped him reach his billionaire 6by the 1980s.However,Feeney never felt
27、 7 with the lifestyle of the wealthy.He lived modestly,andoften thought of what to do with all the money he made.Influenced by his own experience,Feeney decided to give away all his money to those in need in his lifetime.In 1984,the then 53-year-old Feeney 8 everything-his DFS shares and the various
28、 businesses and9 he had acquired worldwide to Atlantic Philanthropies,a charity 10 he established.In thefollowing decades,Feeney donated through the organization more than$8 billion anonymously（匿名地），tocharities,universities,human rights 11.and foundations worldwide.Such incredible secret generosity1
29、2 him the title“James Bond of Philanthropy from Forbes magazine.13 the idea of“Giving while Living,Feeney is a 14 model for many famous billionairestoday,including Bill Gates and Warren Buffet.He encourages people to donate at least half their fortunes beforedeath.In September 2020,Feeneys go-fbr-br
30、oke mission was 15.and he now lives happily with hiswife on a pension（养老金）in a modest apartment in San Francisco.1.A.trulyB exactlyC.genuinelyD.absolutely2.A.targetB.geniusC.crossingD.professor3.A.producingB.presentingC.optimizingD.distributing4.A.identifiedB.determinedC.memorizedD.remembered5.A.bui
31、ltB.ownedC.formedD.established6.A.fameB statusC.honorD.career7.A.at allB.at easeC.in satisfactionD.in comparison8.A.put offB.paid offC.gave overD.signed over9.A.strengthB.abilitiesC.propertiesD.achievements10.A.firmB.agencyC.foundationD.manufacture11.A.campaignsB.explorationsC.declarationsD.investig
32、ations12.A.wonB.owedC.praisedD.managed13.A.ProvingB.BenefitingC.PioneeringD.Motivating14.A.roleB.hintC.iconD.base15.A.strokeB.satisfiedC.completedD.compromised【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了“前”美国亿万富翁查尔斯 菲尼的发家史以及他最终把所有财富都花在慈善事业上的事情。I.【答案】B【解析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：这正是发生在“前”美国亿万富翁查尔斯 菲尼身上的事情。A.truly真地：B.exactly 恰好地；C.genuine
33、ly 真诚地；D.absolutely 绝对地。根据上文“Generous billionaires are not hardto come by,but it is definitely a challenge to find a billionaire who spends all his fortune on charily just to end upbroke.（慷慨的亿万富翁并不难找，但要找到一个把所有财富都花在慈善事业上，最后却破产的亿万富翁，无疑是一项挑战）可知，这里指上文提到的事情恰好发生在了“前”美国亿万富翁查尔斯 菲尼身上。故选B。2.【答案】B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。
34、句意：菲尼在新泽西州的一个贫困社区长大，在寻找商业机会方面是个天才。A.target 目标；B.genius 天才；C.crossing 交叉口；D.professor 教授。根据后文“Since childhood,he would takeany job to make a few cents for his family-jobs like umbrellas in summer and sellingChristinas cards in winter.”可知菲尼在寻找商业机会方面是个天才。故选B,3.【答案】D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：从孩提时代起，为了给家里挣点钱，他什么工作
35、都愿意做夏天分发雨伞，冬天卖圣诞卡。A.producing 产生；B.presenting 呈现；C.optimizing 最佳化;D.distributing 配送。根据后文“umbrellas in summer and selling Christmas cards in winter.“可知，此处指夏天配送雨伞，故选 D。4.【答案】D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在康奈尔大学读书期间，他向其他学生出售自制三明治，至今仍被称为 三 明 治 人 A.identified 鉴定；B.determined 决定；C.memorized 记 住;D.remembered 记得。根据 stil
36、l和后文“there as the Sandwich Man”指菲尼在大学仍然被称为“三明治人”，被人铭记。故选D。5.【答案】D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后，在 20世纪60年代，菲尼成立了机场零售商免税店，这帮助他在 20世纪80年代成为亿万富翁。A.built建造；B.owned拥有；C.formed形成；D.established成立。根据后文“airport retailer Duty Free Shoppers”指成立机场零售商免税店，故选D。6.【答案】B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：然后，在 20世纪60年代，菲尼成立/机场零售商免税店，这帮助他在 20世纪80年代成
37、为亿万富翁。A.fame名誉;B.status地位;C.honor荣誉;D.career事业。根据上文“whichhelped him reach his billionaire”可知，机场零售商免税店帮助他在20世纪80年代取得了亿万富翁的地位。故选B7.【答案】B【解析】考查介词短语辨析。句意：然而，菲尼从未对富人的生活方式感到自在。A.atall根本；B.at ease安逸；C.in satisfaction 满意；D.in comparison 相比之下。根据后文“He lived modestly,and often thought ofwhat to do with all the
38、 money he made.（他生活简朴，经常考虑如何处理他赚到的所有钱）“可知，菲尼从未对富人的生活方式感到自在。故选B。8.【答案】D【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：1984年，时年53岁的菲尼将他在DFS的股份、在全球范围内获得的各种企业和财产等全部转让给了他建立的慈善基金会大西洋慈善基金会。A.pul off推迟；B.paid off付清；C.gave over 停止；D.signed over 签字转让。根据后文“to Atlantic Philanthropies,a charity”指菲尼把臼己的财产进行了转让，故选D。9.【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：1984年，
39、时年5 3 岁的菲尼将他在DFS的股份、在全球范围内获得的各种企业和财产等全部转让给了他建立的慈善基金会大西洋慈善基金会。A.strength力量；B.abilities能力；C.properties 财产；D.achievements 成就。根据上文“everythinghis DFS shares and the various businesses and”以及后文“he had acquired worldwideto Atlantic Philanthropies”可知I,菲尼把自己的财产进行了转让，故选Co10.【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：1984年，时年53岁的菲尼
40、将他在DFS的股份、在全球范围内获得的各种企业和财产等全部转让给了他建立的慈善基金会大西洋慈善基金会。A.firm公司；B.agency代理；C.foundation基金会；D.manufacture制造业。根据匕文“a charity”可知，指慈善基金会大西洋慈善基金会。故选C。11.【答案】A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在接下来的几十年里，菲尼通过该组织匿名向世界各地的慈善机构、大学、人权运动和基金会捐赠了 80多亿美元。A.campaigns活动；B.explorations探 索:C.declarations声明；D.investigations调查。根据上文“human righ
41、ts”指给人权运动捐款。故选A。12.【答案】A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这种令人难以置信的秘密慷慨为他赢得了 福布斯杂志“慈善界的詹姆斯邦德”的称号。A.won赢得；B.owed欠：C.praised赞美；D.managed管理。根据后文“him the title“James Bond of Philanthropy from Forbes magazine”可知，菲尼的慷慨行为为他赢得了 福布斯杂志“慈善界的詹姆斯 邦德”的称号。故选A。13.【答案】C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：菲尼开创了“边生活边给予 的理念，是当今许多著名亿万富翁的榜样，包括比尔盖茨和沃伦巴菲特。A.Pr
42、oving证明；B.Benefiting受益;C.Pioneering做先锋，开创；D.Motivating激励。根据后文“the idea of Giving while Living,和Feeney is a model for many famousbillionaires today”指菲尼开创了“边生活边给予”的理念，故选C。1 4.【答案】A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：菲尼开创了“边生活边给予”的理念，是当今许多著名亿万富翁的榜样，包括比尔 盖茨和沃伦巴菲特。A.role角 色;B.hint暗示；C.icon图标；D.base基础。根据后文“model fbrmany famo
43、us billionaires”指是菲尼当今许多著名亿万富翁的榜样，role model“榜 样 故 选 A。1 5.【答案】C【解析】考查动词词义辨析二句意：2020年 9 月，菲尼孤注一掷的使命完成了，现在他和妻子在旧金山的一套普通公寓里靠养老金幸福地生活。A.stroke击球；B.satisfied满足；C.completed完成；D.compromised妥协。根据上文Feeneys go-for-broke mission was和下文and he now lives happily with his wife on a pension（养老金）in a modest apartme
44、nt in San Francisco.”指菲尼完成了自己的使命。故选C。Close 2（2022山东济南市历城第二中学模拟预测）Emma Jones5 three-year-old son,Eric,was sharing a hot dogon the deck overlooking her friend Sarah Roths swimming pool.One moment Jones was watching Eric playaround with the other children at this 16 of moms and kids last July.The next
45、moment he disappearedwithout a 17 She turned to her friend Machel Rawlings and asked,“Have you seen Eric?”Rawlings stood,18 the pool and suddenly screamed.Eric was found 19 face down in thedeep end.What happened next was a 20 textbook response:As Rawlings dived in the pool,grasped theboy.21 him over
46、 and swam him to the end.Meanwhile,their host,Sarah Roth,dialed 911.At thepools 22 Rawlings handed Eric up to his mother.His skin was blue and wasnt breathing.Rawlings whod taken a CPR course just four months earlier,immediately began rescue breathing.Hangingup the phone,Roth,a former flight attenda
47、nt whod accumulated 23 experience before.24 CPRfrom Rawlings.Three long minutes went by with Roth breathing into Erics mouth and 25 chestcompressions（按压）while Rawlings and Jones 26 his condition.Gradually his color 27,and as the ambulance was arriving on the 28,Rawlings looked at Roth.Hes breathing,
48、she said.The 29 with which the women acted saved Erics life.Emma Jones found any words seemedpowerless.She said 30 They did everything right.”16.A.encounterB.unionC.gatheringD.game17.A.traceB.symptomC.footprintD.signal18.A.foundB.examinedC.fixedD.scanned19.A.floatingB.lyingC.sinkingD.diving20.A.init
49、ialB.typicalC.creativeD.effective21.A.rolledB.knockedC.checkedD.ran22.A.pointB.edgeC.stageD.boundary23.A.accessibleB.apparentC.sufficientD.significant24.A.took upB.took inC.took placeD.took over25.A.performingB.workingC.testingD.stretching26.A.maintainedB.monitoredC.adaptedD.generated27.A.fadedB.cha
50、ngedC.returnedD.revealed28.A.poolB.sceneC.routeD.venue29.A.courageB.kindnessC.persistenceD.decisiveness30.A.actuallyB.fairlyC.finallyD.simply【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了在一次聚会上Emma Jones的三岁儿子不小心掉到水里，她的朋友们果断运用CPR急救知识救了她儿子的故事。16.【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在去年7 月的一次妈妈和孩子们的聚会上，Jones 一会儿还在看着Eric和其他孩子玩耍。A.encounter 遭遇；B.u