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1、 硕士学位论文 M.D. Thesis A Study of E-C Translation of Cosmetics Instruction Based on Skopos Theory 基于目的论的化妆品说明书汉译研究 Ding Yumei 丁玉梅 Contents . i Abstract . ii m .iv Chapter One Introduction . 1 1.1 Research Background . 1 1.2 Research Significance and Research Object . 2 1.3 Thesis Structure . 4 1.4 An I
2、ntroduction to Cosmetic Instructions and Their E-C Translation . 5 Chapter Two Literature Review . 18 2.1 A Review of the Studies on Cosmetics Instruction Translation . 18 2.1.1 Previous Studies on Cosmetics Instruction Translation . 18 2.1.2 Significance of Cosmetics Instruction Translation . 20 2.
3、2 Related Studies on Skopos Theory at Home and Abroad . 21 2.2.1 Studies Abroad . 21 2.2.2 Studies at Home . 22 2.3 Summary . 24 Chapter Three Theoretical Framework . 25 3.1 Earlier Views on Skopos Theory. 25 3.2 Development Stages of Skopos Theory . 26 3.2.1 Kathariana Reiss?s Early Work on Text Ty
4、pology and Language Function . 26 3.2.2 Vermeer and his Skopos Theory . 27 3.2.3 Justa Holz-Manttaris Translational Action . 28 3.2.4 Christiane Nords Translation-Oriented Text Analysis . 28 3.3 Three Major Rules in Skopos Theory . 29 3.3.1 Skopos Rule . 29 3.3.2 Coherence Rule . 29 3.3.3 Fidelity R
5、ule . 29 3.3.4 Relations among the Three Rules . 30 3.4 Summary . 30 Chapter Four Research Procedure . 31 1.1 Research Questions . 31 1.2 Research Methodology . 31 1.3 Data Collection . 31 1.4 Analysis of the Application of Three Rules of Skopos Theory to E-C Cosmetics Instructions Translation 31 1.
6、4.1 Skopos Rule Applied to Cosmetics Instruction Translation . 32 1.4.2 Coherence Rule Applied to Cosmetics instruction Translation . 35 1.4.3 Fidelity Rule Applied to Cosmetics Instruction Translation . 37 1.5 A Case Study to Evaluate Cosmetics Instruction Translation . 38 1.5.1 Basic Elements of t
7、he Questionnaire . 38 1.5.2 A Target Receivers-Oriented Questionnaire . 39 1.5.3 Answers from the Respondents . 39 1.6 Results Analysis and Discussion . 40 1.6.1 Analysis of the Responses . 40 1.6.2 Summary of the Analysis . 40 1.6.3 Suggested Strategies Adopted in the Translation of Cosmetic Instru
8、ctions . 41 Chapter Five Conclusion . 48 5.1 Major Findings . 48 5.2 Study Limitations . 49 5.3 Suggestions for Future Research . 49 References . v Appendix . ix Acknowledgement . xii 独创性声明 本人声明所呈交的论文是我个人在导师指导下进行的研究工作及取得 的研究成果。尽我所知，除了文中特别加以标注和致谢的地方外，论文中不 包括其他人已经发表或撰写过的研究成果，也不包含为获得西北师范大学 或其他教育机构的学位或证
9、书而使用过的材料。与我一同工作的同志对本 研究所做的任何贡献均已在论文中作了明确的说明并表示了谢意。 关于论文使用授权的说明 本人完全了解西北师范大学有关保留、使用学位论文的规定，即：学校 有权保留送交论文的复印件，允许论文被查阅和借阅；学校可以公布论文的 全部或部分内容 ,可以采用影印、缩印或其他复制手段保存论文。 (保密的论文在解密后应遵守此规定） Abstract With China entry into WTO and the strengthening of opening up policy, more and more foreign products flood into C
10、hinese markets, among which there are foreign cosmetics. Therefore, how to make the consumers know their products very well is the main issue. Advertisement sometimes is not the best way to learn about a product, since exaggeration often contained in the ad to make the product seem more attractive.
11、One of the most direct ways is to show the buyers the cosmetics instructions. Owing to the severe competition between different cosmetic brands, every cosmetic company racks their brains to promote sales. A well-localized instruction with accurate and clear information not only enables the consumers
12、 acquire the usage and notes of the product quality, but also satisfy the consumers and enhance the image of the company. Otherwise, a poor-localized instruction translation with incorrect and obscure information will arouse consumers5 complaints and damage the reputation of the company. As a specia
13、l kind of “advertisement” and “bridge” between consumers and companies, cosmetic instructions play a crucial role. So the translation of cosmetic instructions has become important and urgent, and the focus is on translation quality. A review of translation studies in China has shown that research on
14、 the translation of cosmetic instructions is quite weak and limited. Besides, the theory applied is inadequate and unsystematic in the actual process of translation. Nobody can deny that instruction translation is a branch of technology translation, but it has its own unique language features and te
15、xt types, which deserves a deep and systematic analysis. A review of translation theory has shown that theories applying to the translation of cosmetics instruction are quite limited. This thesis tries to apply the Skopos theory of the Functionalist approach to English instruction translation. Accor
16、ding to functionalism, translators are encouraged to make full use of all the sources of information of the source text and are entitled to choose whatever translation strategies they think appropriate to achieve the functions of the translation. That is what is called “the end justifies the means”.
17、 It is hoped that by applying Skopos Theory， which is the major theory in functionalist approach, the English-Chinese cosmetics instructions translation can better fulfill the purpose of promoting the purchase and achieving the functions of cosmetics instructions. This paper chiefly studies cosmetic
18、s instructions translation from the perspective of Skopos Theory. At the beginning of the thesis, it focuses on English cosmetics instruction as its object of the research and analyzes its classification, components, functions and linguistic features systematically. The author generalizes previous s
19、tudies on Skopos Theory and cosmetics instructions at home and abroad. What is more, this thesis offers a rough description of Skopos Theory and its three rules. According to Skopos Theory, in the process of translation three principles should be abided by: Skopos rule, coherence rule and fidelity r
20、ule. Finally, the article discusses some translation strategies in the application of three rules, and a case study to evaluate cosmetics instructions translation. The theory and the case study of this paper prove that Skopos Theory can provide guidance to cosmetics instructions translation, and has
21、 great priority. What5s more, the author points out that the translation of cosmetic instructions is not only a language decoding process, but also a process that involves many factors, such as target culture, aesthetic psychology and so on. In addition, the thesis aims at enriching the study of the
22、 translation of cosmetic instruction, and arousing more attention and interest in the study of it in the community of translation studies. Key Words： practical translation; E-C translation of cosmetics instruction; translation strategies; skopos theory 111 摘要 随着中国加入世贸组织以及对外开放政策的加强，大量的外国商品如潮水般涌入中国市场，
23、其中 不乏国外化妆品。因此，如何让消费者了解其化妆品成为了关键问题。广告为了使产品更具吸引力而 包含夸张的成分，似乎不是了解产品的最好的方式。而最直接的方法之一是给他们展示化妆品说明 书。由于不同化妆品品牌之间的竞争日益剧烈 ,各个化妆品公司都在绞尽脑汁促销。译文准确、明了、 符合国人习惯的说明书不仅可以使消费者迅速掌握产品使用方法和注意事项， 而且可以增加消费者 对于产品的好感和满意度，提升企业形象；反之，译制粗糙、晦涩难懂、未做好本地化工作的说明书 只会降低消费者的满意度，损毁企业形象。 化妆品说明书作为一种特殊的 “ 广告 ” ，是生产者和消费者沟通的 “ 桥梁 ” ，其作用可想而知。
24、由此 ,化妆品说明书的翻译变得十分重要，焦点就集中在产品说明书的翻译质量上。然而，目前对于说 明书翻译的研究尚属国内翻译研究的一个薄弱环节，对于化妆品说明书翻译的研究成果更是凤毛麟 角，在实际翻译过程中也缺乏较为系统的理论指导。 无可否认说明书的翻译隶属于科技翻译，但它拥有自己的语言和文本特点，值得深入系统地加以 研究。纵览翻译理论发现，能运用到化妆品说明书翻译中的理论十分有限。本文另辟蹊径，尝试从功 能翻译理论的目的论出发 ,探讨英文产品说明书的翻译。功能主义理论鼓励译者利用原作中的所有信 息，并选择任何认为合适的翻译策略来达成译作的功能。这就是所谓的 “ 结果决定方法 ” 。作者希望 通过
25、功能主义理论的主要理论目的论来指导化妆品说明书的汉译，并达成促销这一目的以及实现其 既定的功能。 本论文主要从目的论的视角对化妆品说明书的翻译进行探讨。 文章伊始，作者以英文化妆品说明 书作为研究的主题，并系统地分析了其分类、组成要素、功能、以及语言特征 ,并概述了目的论以及 化妆品说明书翻译在国内外的研究，然后本文对目的论及其三法则进行了简要的阐述。作者认为，依 据目的论 ,在翻译过程中，译者必须遵循三个原则：目的性法则、连贯性法则、忠实性法则。最后文 章探讨了目的论指导下的化妆品说明书的翻译策略，目的论三法则在化妆品说明书翻译中的运用，以 及用于评估化妆品说明书翻译的个案研究。 本文理论以
26、及个案研究证明：目的论能指导化妆品说明书翻译，并具有一定优势。本文同时 指出： 化妆品说明书翻译并不仅仅是一个语言转换过程，还要考虑到译入语文化、接受者的审美心理等诸多 因素。此外 ,作者希望本文能够充实国内对于化妆品说明书翻译的研究成果，为化妆品说明书汉译的 研究起到抛砖引玉的作用，希望引起人们更多的关注。 关键词：应用翻译；化妆品说明书汉译；翻译策略；目的论 IV Chapter One Introduction Chapter One Introduction 1.1 Research Background Compared with literature English or busi
27、ness English translation, there is no profound and systematic instruction translation theory in China. Though instruction translation theory has been mentioned by many translation theorists, they often use few words to talk about it. These theorists classify instruction translation into technical tr
28、anslation but conduct no specific studies to it, and the researches on instruction translation are few as well. Most of the discussions only focus on the concrete fields and the strategies of practical translation. The main concern of many studies has been with respect to the discussion of methods o
29、r practical strategies for instruction translation and most of them are based on a simply descriptive example analysis rather than on a theoretical foundation. The conclusions deriving from these researches seem to be individual and short of generality. With the rapid economic development of globali
30、zation, more and more products of China are targeted at foreign markets since its opening up to the outside world and entry into the WTO. Due to the clear cultural differences existing between China and western countries, and the thought patterns and value concepts of people in different country, th
31、e translation of product information requires that manufactories should make the translations for their products or service information so that they can be sold in different cultural environments. There are many various exported products, thus the author here has just chosen cosmetics instructions information to be studied on the basis of Skopos Theory. However, at present many scholars consciously or unconsciously a