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1、2023北京房山高一（上）期末英 语第一部分知识运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节完形填空（共10小题;每小题L5分，共15分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在 答题卡上将该项涂黑。Carter Evans, a 16-year-old boy, was camping in a tent with friends in a parking area near Pascagoula River in July when a car with three teenage girls inside fell off a boat ramp （匝道）a
2、nd into the river, then sank. The driver had blindly wrong directions from her GPS.It was around 2:30 a.m. when Evans and his friends got to the rivers edge. In the darkness, they could2 make out the girls clinging （抱紧）to the roof, the only part of the car still above water. But they could hear 3.Ev
3、ans took off his shirt and shoes, threw his phone down and dived into the water, a river he knew crocodiles called home. He helped the first girl he saw and, keeping her head above water, led her to the 4.Just then, Garry Mercer, a police officer, arrived. He 5 into the river to help another of the
4、girls. But halfway back to shore, she was too 6 and went underwater, pulling Mercer down with he匚 Evans jumped back in the 7 and helped them until they could stand.There was still one girl, Cora Watson, in the water. She was 8 to stay above water.3 1 just knew my last 9 was coming,“ Watson said. I t
5、hought I was slowly losing myself. She began to go under. Then, Evans grabbed her.Evans was taken to the hospital. The three girls are alive because Evans risked his0 to savethem.1. A. followedB. studiedC.seenD.kept2. A. finallyB. clearlyC. certainlyD. hardly3. A. fightingB. shoutingC. swimmingD. qu
6、arrelling4. A. riverbankB. carC. tentD. park5. A. walkedB. fellC. divedD.sank6. A. excitedB. surprisedC. scaredD. disappointed7. A. sandB. crowdC. darknessD. water8. A. waitingB. strugglingC. consideringD. lying9. A. challengeB. choiceC. breathD. dream10. A. healthB. lifeC.jobD. fortune第二节语法填空（共10小题
7、;每小题1.5分，共15分）A 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写一个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处 用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。As a nature photographer, I enjoy working outside in the wild. Last summer in Yellowstone National Park, I followed a path that took me through a dark forest. 11 I was photographing an eagle, I suddenly found
8、that four 12 （meter） away from me was a bear. It 13 （look） back at me. A second later, the bear14 （turn） and ran into the forest. Somehow. I forced my finger to press the button and took the picture of 群；C. darkness黑暗；D. water水。由上文语境可知，Evans刚救了一个溺水者上岸，此时看到警察Mercer 有麻烦，立即跳回水中去帮助。故选D项。【8题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句
9、意:她努力停留在水面上。A. waiting等待;B. struggling挣扎;C. considering考虑： D. lying躺。由常识可知，溺水者为了不下沉，会努力让自己在水中漂浮起来，struggle to do sth.（努力做某 事）。故选B项。【9题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：“我只知道我的最后一口气就要来了， Watson说。A.challenge挑战；B.choice 选择；C. breath 呼吸；D. drcam 梦想。由下文的“I thought I was slowly losing myself.” She began to go under.（ “我认为我正
10、在慢慢失去意识。”她开始往下沉）”可知，Walson用“最后一口气”表达她快要死了。 故选C项。【10题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这三个女孩之所以活着，是因为Evans冒着生命危险救了她们。A. health健康； B. life 生命：C. job 工作；D. fortune 运气。由上文的 u Evans took off his shirt and shoes, threw his phone down and dived into the water, a river he knew crocodiles called homc.（Evans 脱下衬衫和鞋子，扔下手机，跳入水中，
11、这是一条他认识的鳄鱼称之为家的河流）”和“Evans was taken to the hospital.（Evans被送往医院）”可知，凌 晨两点半，在黑暗中，Evans在有鳄鱼的河流中救人，是冒着生命危险的。故选B项。第二节语法填空（共10小题;每小题1.5分,共15分）【答案】11. When12. meters 13. looked14. turned【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者在野外摄影时遇熊的惊险一幕。（11题详解】考查时间状语从句。句意：当我拍摄一只鹰时，我突然发现离我四米远的地方有一只熊。结合句意可知，由 when引导时间状语从句，首字母大写。故填When。【
12、12题详解】考查名词复数。句意：当我拍摄一只鹰时，我突然发现禽我四米远的地方有一只熊。由数词four修饰，用可 数名词meter的复数形式。故填meters。【13题详解】考查时态。句意：它回头看着我。事情已发生，谓语动词look用一般过去时。故填looked。【14题详解】考查时态。句意：一秒钟后，熊转身跑进了森林。结合并列谓语ran into可知，事情已发生，谓语动词turn 用一般过去时。故填turned。【答案】15. were builtthat#which16. to admire【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了广西贵州的龙脊梯田。【15题详解】考查时态和语态。句意：它们
13、是很久以前由当地人建造的。结合时间状语a long time ago,主语They和谓语 动词buHd是被动关系，用一般过去时的被动语态，主语They,谓语复数形式。故填werebuili。【16题详解】考查定语从句关系词。句意：由于有数百条相互连接的水道，雨水顺着山脉流入梯田。该空引导限制性定语 从句，先行词是hundreds of waterways,指物，关系词在从句中作主语，用关系代词that/which。故填that/whicho 【17题详解】考查不定式。句意：今天，龙脊梯田吸引了成千上万的游客前来欣赏这一伟大的奇迹。admire用不定式形式 作目的状语。故填to admireo【
14、答案】18. preparing19. with 20. better【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者不愿自己准备春节晚餐，觉得外出就餐是个不错的选择，讲明了 外出就餐的好处。【18题详解】考查动名词。句意：我认为花很多时间准备一顿饭并在结束后收拾残局是不值得的。固定搭配spend+时间 +（in） doing sth.（花时间做某事），prepare用动名词形式作宾语。故填preparingo【19题详解】考查介词。句意：我们仍然和同样的人共进晚餐。结合句意，介词with （和一起）符合语境。故填with。【20题详解】考查形容词比较级。句意：没有那么累的烹饪，这个场合更令人愉
15、快，而且菜肴味道更好！结合more enjoyable 可知，该空含比较含义，用形容词比较级beuer作表语。故填better。第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分38分）第一节（共14小题;每小题2分,满分28分）【答案】21. C 22. D 23. B【解析】【导语】本文是应用文。文章是一则介绍由中国日报举办的个人摄影大赛的通知。21题详解】细节理解题。由第一段中的China Daily Website and China Daily App are calling for submissions （提交）of photos and videos from the National Day u
16、ntil Dec. 20, 2022. But all the online entries must be received by 11:59 pm on December 15, 2022.（中国日报网和中国日报App呼吁从国庆节到2022年12月20日提交照片和视 频。但所有在线参赛作品必须在2022年12月15日晚上11:59之前收到）”可知，参与者在线提交作品时间 为：2022年10月1日至12月15日。故选C项。【22题详解】细节理解题。由 HOW TO SUBMIT 中的 “Step 1: Fill in the application form and offer the in
17、formation on the participants, name, nationality, mobile phone number and email address. Step 2: Upload your works and make a brief introduction on your works.（第一步：填写申请表，并提供参与者的姓名、国籍、手机号码和电子邮件 地址。第二步：上传你的作品，并对你的作品做一个简短的介绍。）”可知，提交作品前需要填写我们的个 人信息。故选D项。【23题详解】推理判断题。文章是一则介绍由中国日报举办的个人摄影大赛的通知，号召人们参与，可得出文章
18、可能选 自正式通知。故选B项。【答案】24. C 25. B 26. D 27. B【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了莉莉在高中毕业日这一天的所思所想和情感升华。【24题详解】细节理解题。由第一段中的 “I was extremely tired from staying up late the night before because I was so anxious for the big day. I dragged myself out of my bed to do my normal routine. As I was brushing my teeth. 1 looked
19、 up at the mirror and it hit me that I was about to graduate from high school.（前一天晚上熬夜， 我非常 累，因为我非常担心重要一天的到来。我从床上爬起来，开始做我的日常工作。当我刷牙的时候，我抬头 看着镜子，突然想到我即将从高中毕业）”可知，莉莉焦虑的主要原因是她的毕业日。故选C项。【25题详解】推理判断题。由第二段中的 “All I had was English that day because my other teachers let us have a free day to catch up on la
20、te homework or just hang out with our friends. After suffering through eight hours of boring classes, it was time to get ready for graduation night.（那天我只学了英语，因为我的其他老师让我们有一天的空闲时 间来完成迟到的作业，或者只是和朋友们一起玩。在经历了八个小时枯燥的课程之后，是时候为毕业之夜 做好准备了）”可知，莉莉认为那天课程很枯燥，只学了英语，可得出莉莉对毕业最后一天的课程并不感兴 趣。故选B项。【26题详解】推理判断题。由第三段中的I
21、never knew a hook could give me such inspiration. I just kept on thinking to myself that this was finally it! I was so happy that it was time to move on to a new chapter in my life.（我从来不知 道一本书能给我这样的灵感。我一直在想，这就是最后的结局！我很高兴，是时候进入我人生的新篇章 了）”和 “All I could sec was a beautiful future ahead. This opened up
22、 many possibilities for me, like going to college, moving out on my own, and paying bills.（我所能看到的只是一个美好的未来。这为我打开了许多可 能性，比如上大学、自己搬出去住，以及支付账单）”可知，Ms. Sue的礼物使莉莉开始考虑是时候进入自 己人生的新篇章了，她应该为自己的美好未来而奋斗。故选D项。【27题详解】推理判断题。由第一段中的 “I was extremely tired from staying up late the night before because I was so anxio
23、us for the big day.（前一天晚上熬夜，我非常累，因为我非常担心重要一天的到来）”，第二段中的“ She gave me a special book. I looked down at it and it said, “The places you,ll go!” I read it right before I headed up to gym for practice.（她给了我一本特别的书。我低头看了看它，上面写着：“你要去的地方！我在去 健身房练习之前读了它）”和第三段中的I never knew a book could give me such inspirati
24、on. I just kept on thinking to myself that this was finally it! I was so happy that it was time to move on （o a new chapter in my life. （我从来不知道一本书能给我这样的灵感。我一直在想，这就是最后的结局！我很高兴，是时候进入我人生 的新篇章了）”可知，毕业日这天莉莉心烦意乱，但读完Ms. Sue送的书后，莉莉明白了自己要进入人生的 新篇章了，要为美好生活而奋斗，可得出读了一本好书之后，会发生一些非常神奇的事情。故选B项。【答案】28. C 29. D 30.
25、A【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了，在几代人的努力下塞罕坝由荒地成为了世界上最大人工林的故事。 【28题详解】推理判断题。由第六段中的In che beginning, planting trees on the very cold highland was an impossible task due （o the high winds. Over 90 percent of the young seedlings planted in the first two years died and the forest farm was nearly shutdown.（起初，由于大风
26、，在非常寒冷的高地上种树是一项不可能完成的任务。前两年种植 的树苗中90%以上死亡，林场几乎关闭）”可知，前两年种植的树苗中90%以上死亡，作者通过列举数字 表明了塞罕坝植树的困难。故选C项。【29题详解】细节理解题。由第二段 “The Saihanba Forest Farm is the worlds largest manmade forest, a 750-square- kilometer barrier （屏障）.300 kilometers north of Beijing, planted to save the Chinese capital from desertifica
27、tion （the gradual change of habitable land into desert, which is usually caused by climate change or by destructive use of ihe land）.（塞罕坝林场是世界上最大的人工林，位于北京以北300公里处，占地750平方公里，是为了保护 中国首都免受沙漠化（可居住土地逐渐变为沙漠，这通常是由气候变化或土地的破坏性使用造成的）”和 第三段 “Today, overlooking the sea of green, it would be hard to imagine that
28、 a half century ago, the area was wasteland.（今天，俯瞰绿海，很难想象半个世纪前，这里还是荒地）”可知，塞罕坝林场由荒地变成了世界 上最大的人造森林。故选D项。【30题详解】主旨大意题。由第一段Saihanba is a green miracle passed on from generation to generation.（塞罕坝是一个世 代相传 绿色奇迹）”，第二段中的 “The Saihanba Forest Farm is the worlds largest manmade fbrest （塞罕坝 林场是世界上最大的人工林）“，第三段
29、Today, overlooking the sea of green, i（ would be hard to imagine that a half century ago, the area was wasteland.（今天,俯瞰绿海，很难想象半个世纪前，这里还是荒地）”和最后 一段 wThree generations of hard work have turned Saihanba from a nascent （新生的）stand of trees into a million acres of forest, from a desert into an oasis.（经过三代
30、人的努力，塞罕坝从一片新生的树林变成了一百万英亩 的森林，从沙漠变成了绿洲）”可知，文章讲述了在几代人的努力卜塞罕坝由荒地成为了世界上最大人工 林，是一个世代相传的绿色奇迹，A项“人们是如何创造绿色奇迹的”可概括全文。故选A项。【答案】31. C 32. A 33. A 34. D【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章论述了有些人不赞成家庭作业的看法，但作者认为家庭作业有好处。 31题详解】细节理解题。由第一段中的 “As a teacher, I strongly believe in the benefits of quality homework. Besides preparing studen
31、ts for university life, it teaches important life skills that will benefit students for the rest of their lives.（作为一名教师，我坚信高质量作业的好处。除了为学生准备大学生活，它还教授重要的生活技能， 这些技能将使学生终生受益）”和最后 段中的We should recognize quality homework can help to show children the connection between what they are learning in school and
32、 how it can be applied outside of schools （我 们应该认识到，高质量的家庭作业有助于向孩子们展示他们在学校学习的内容与如何在校外应用之间的联 系）”可知，高质量的作业可以在许多方面对学生产生积极影响。故选C项。【32题详解】推理判断题。由第四段中的 “Primary students will eventually be in middle and high school where homework will be assigned. If they have no preparation in primary schools, they will
33、have the stress of suddenly trying to adjust to life with homework later. The important thing is to assign just enough homework to help students learn. （小学生最终会进入初中和高中，到那时会有家庭作业。如果他们在小学没有准备，他们会有突然试图适应 生活的家庭作业的压力。重要的是布置足够的家庭作业来帮助学生学习）”可知，作者认为家庭作业能帮助 学生学习，而且如果小学生到了初高中才接触家庭作业，他们会有压力，可得出作者支持小学生有家庭作 业。故选A
34、项。【33题详解】词句猜测题。由第一段中的In addition, those who are opposed to homework believe that students end up hating the time spent instead of enjoying learning.（此外，那些 opposed to 家庭作业的人认为,学生最终讨厌 花在学习上的时间，而不是享受学习）”可知，有些人认为学生会因为家庭作业讨厌学习，可得出这些人应 该是不赞成有家庭作业的，opposed to意为“反对（Against） ”。故选A项。【34题详解】主旨大意题。第一段首句“There h
35、as recently been a lot of arguments about homework.（最近有很多关于家庭 作业的争论）”总起全文，第段还陈述了作者对高质量家庭作业的观点，第二三段陈述了各方反对家庭作 业的观点，第四至最后一段陈述了作者赞成有家庭作业的观点，可得出D项“关于家庭作业的不同看法” 可概括全文，可为标题。故选D项。第二节（共5小题;每小题2分，共10分）答案】35. F 36. E 37. D 38. B 39. G【解析】【导语】这是篇说明文。文章讲述了和朋友保持联系、发展友谊的方法。【35题详解】由第二段段首句“You can text each other f
36、requently.（你们可以经常发短信）”，第三段首句“You can mail each other handwritien leilers.（你们可以互相邮寄手写信件）”和最后一段中 “Doing things together will help maintain a bond and can also be a form of quality time.（一起做事情有助于保持联系,也可以是一种优质时 间）”可知，下文在讲和朋友保持联系、发展友谊的方法，F选项“有很多有效的方法可以保持联系，保持联系，发展友谊。”总起下文内容。故选F项。【36题详解】由第二段段首句“You can （e
37、xt each other frequently.（你们可以经常发短信）”可知作者建议通过发短信来和 朋友保持联系、发展友谊，E选项“这也可以是一个了解彼此经历的机会。”和上文“Allhough you may be apart from one another, texting is a great way to get immediate access to each others lives.（尽管你们可能彼此 分开，但发短信是一种很好的方式，可以直接了解彼此的生活）” 一起表明发短信和朋友保持联系、发展友 谊的好处。故选E项。【37题详解】由第三段首句“You can mail eac
38、h other handwritten letters.（你们可以互相邮寄手写信件）”可知作者建议通 过互相邮寄手写信件来和朋友保持联系、发展友谊，D选项“每年手写生FI卡是一个明智的选择。”和上 文 uTaking the time to write a letter shows your appreciation for the relationship.（花时间写信表明你对这段关系 的赞赏）”及下文Or, you can just send them a surprise letter out of the blue!（或者，你可以突然给他们发封惊 喜信）”是“通过互相邮寄手写信件来和朋
39、友保持联系、发展友谊”的举例说明。故选D项。【38题详解】由下文 There arc many activities that can be mutually enjoyed even though you are not in the same location. Doing things together will help maintain a bond and can also be a form of quality time.（尽管你们不在同一个地 方，但有许多活动可以相互共享。一起做事情有助于保持联系，也可以是一段宝贵时光）”可知，下文在讲 与朋友分开时，可以通过一起做事情来和朋
40、友保持联系、发展友谊，承接下文，B选项“你可以找到在分 开时可以一起做的事情。”可作为本段主题句。故选B项。【39题详解】由上文 44 There are many activities that can be mutually enjoyed even though you are not in the same location. Doing things together will help maintain a bond and can also be a form of quality time.（尽管你们不在同一个地 方，但有许多活动可以相互共享。一起做事情有助于保持联系，也可以是
41、一段宝贵时光）”可知本段在讲与 朋友分开时，可以通过一起做事情来和朋友保持联系、发展友谊，G选项“例如，你们可以在同一时间观 看相同的节目，然后分享感受。和下文Besides, you can start reading a book together or stream a movie together while you video chat.（此外，您可以在视频聊天时开始一起看书或一起观看电影）”是“与朋友分开 时，可以通过起做事情来和朋友保持联系、发展友谊”的举例说明。故选G项。第三部分书面表达（共两节，满分32分）第一节（共4小题;第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共
42、12分）。【答案】40. Making a plan.41. SMART goals refer to goals that are specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-bound.42. To make career decisions, you need to list the advantages and the disadvantages of different decisions think about how each path lines up with your values, and whether ih
43、ey brinu a loi of money.Because you should think about how decisions could influence your future.43. I think the last step-to make career decisionsis the most important to develop your career plan. Because life is a process of decision-making choice. Correct decisions can help us succeed, while wron
44、g decisions can make efforts in vain.【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了为转行作准备的三个步骤：自我反思、设定目标和做出决定。【40题详解】考查细节理解。由第一段中的“The best way to be prepared for a career change is to make a plan.（为职业转变 做好准备的最好方法是制定计划）”可知，为职业转变做好准备的最佳方式是制定计划。故答案为： Making a plan.41题详解】考查细节理解。由第三段中的You probably need SMART goals that arc spe
45、cific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-bound （o prepare for success.（你可能需要具体、可衡量、可实现、相关且有时间限制的 SMART目标来为成功做好准备）”可知，SMART目标是指具体、可衡量、可实现、相关且有时间限制的 目标。 故答案为：SMART goals refer to goals that arc specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-bound. 【42题详解】考查细节理解。由第四段中的 aFirst, list the a
46、dvantages and the disadvantages of different decisions. And then think about how each path lines up with your values. Finally, think about how they could influence your future.（首 先，列出不同决策的优点和缺点。然后想想每一条决策道路如何符合你的价值观。最后，想想它们会如何影 响你的未来）”可知，要做出职业决策，你需要列出不同决策的优点和缺点，思考每一条决策道路如何符合 你的价值观，以及“决策会如何影响你的未来”，所以“
47、它们是否会给你带来很多钱”错误。故答案为：To make career decisions, you need to list the advantages and the disadvantages of different decisions, think about how each path lines up with your values and whether thev brinu y。” a lot of monep.Because you should think about how decisions could influence your future.【43题详解】考
48、查开放答题。考生可结合文章和自身实际答题，例如：最后一步（即做出职业决策）是制定职业计划最 重要的一步。因为生活是一个决策选择的过程。正确的决定可以帮助我们取得成功，而错误的决定可以使 努力付诸东流。故答案为：I think the last stepto make career decisionsis ihe most important to develop your career plan. Because life is a process of decision-making choice. Correct decisions can help us succeed, while w
49、rong decisions can make efforts in vain.第二节（20分）【答案】Dear Jim,Im happy to hear from you. Let me tell you which animal I like best.It is known to us that animals arc our friends. 1 like animals very much, especially dogs. Most dogs arc loyal, friendly, alert, obedient and close to their owners. Nowadays, the reasons