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1、2023北京房山高二(上)期末英 语第一部分:知识运用(共两节,满分30分)第一节 完形填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分,共15分)阅读下面短文,掌握其大意,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项,并在 答题卡上将该项涂黑。At about 11 p.m., Janet got off the train, went into her car and started driving home. She was so familiar with the route that she almost 1 automatically: turned left to the Station
2、Road, then another left onto Montauk Highway, and then bang! When Janefs car had just crossed the railroad tracks, it hit another vehicle and was 2 back onto the tracks. Injured but mostly shocked by the crash and by the airbags that popped up, she was 3 in the vehicle.As it happened, Andrew was jus
3、t about to go to sleep when he heard a sharp noise and saw the accident not far outside his bedroom window. As a retired 4 Andrew, who was 69, fetched a flashlight and rushed out without 5Arriving at the spot Andrew looked around and 6 Janets car straddling the railway tracks. And then he heard the
4、bell ring, which signaled a trains arrival.The train was mnning toward them at a speed of some 105 kilometers per hour. The drivers 7 cannot be opened due to (he collision, so Andrew quickly ran to the other side and managed to open the door. He put the airbags 8 seized her arms, pulled her toward h
5、im across the passenger seat until finally got her out and walked her to 9 as soon as possible. Several seconds later, the (rain crashed into the vehicle.“Last night,“ said Gregory, Chief of the Department in South Country Ambulance, uthc 10 arrivedin pajamas (睡衣裤),not in a fire truck.1. A. droveB.
6、walkedC. rodeD. hiked2. A. broughtB. wentC. pushedD. moved3. A.engagedB. stuckC. absorbedD. spotted4. A. doctorB. driverC. firefighterD. engineer5. A. patienceB.doubtC. exceptionD. hesitation6. A. predictedB. realizedC. observedD. discovered7. A. windowB.doorC. beltD. handle8. A. asideB. downC. onD.
7、 up9. A. safetyB. securityC. stationD. shelter10. A. reporterB. policeC. heroD. soldier第二节语法填空(共10小题;每小题L5分,共15分)A阅读下列短文,根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词,在给出提示词的空白 处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Stephen Curry was thought by many people (o be unsuitable for a career in professional basketball.However. 11 (select) for
8、the NBA in 2009, he joined the Golden State Warriors and predicted 预测;B. realized 意识到;C. observed 遵守;D. discovered 发现。根据前文 “looked around可 知,安德鲁环顾四周,车子横跨在铁轨上应该是他发现的事实。故选D项。【7题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意:司机的门由于碰撞不能打开,所以安德鲁快速的跑到了另一边设法打开了门。A. window 窗户;B. door 门;C. belt 腰带;D. handle 把手。根据后文 “so Andrew quickly ran t
9、o the other side and managed to open the doorM可知,安德鲁快速跑向另一边并设法打开门,推断出驾驶室的门打不开 了。故选B项。【8题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意:他把安全气囊放到了一边,抓住她的胳膊,把她拉到副驾驶座位上,直到最后 把她拉到了尽可能安全的地方。A.aside在旁边:B.down向下;C. on在上面:D.up向上。根据前文“the airbags that popped up可知,安全气囊打开了,根据常识可知安德鲁要救出珍妮特需要先把安全气囊放到 一边,put aside意为“放到一边”,符合题意。故选A项。【9题详解】考查名词词义辨
10、析。句意:他把安全气囊放到了一边,抓住她的胳膊,把她拉到副驾驶座位上,直到最后 把她拉到了尽可能安全的地方。A. safety安全场所;B. security保护措施;C. station车站;D. shelter住 所。根据前文“The train was running toward them at a speed of sonic 105 kilometers per hour.” 可知,火车马 上就要升过来了,推断出安德鲁把珍妮特从车里救出来后为了躲避火车的撞击把她送到了安全的地方。故选A项。【10题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意:英雄是穿着睡衣来的,而不是坐着消防车。A. Report
11、er记者:B. police警察;C. hero 英雄;D. soldier 士兵。根据前文 “He put the airbags8, seized her arms, pulled her toward himacross the passenger seat until finally got her out and walked her to9as soon as possible.“可知,安德鲁救出了车祸中的珍妮特,所以推断出他是一名英雄。故选C项。第二节语法填空(共10小题;每小题L5分,共15分)【答案】11. selected 12. beyond 13. won【解析】【导语
12、】本文是说明文。本文介绍了斯蒂芬库里被许多人认为不适合从事职业篮球生涯。然而,他用精 准的投篮和不断的努力超出了所有人的预期。【11题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:然而,2009年入选NBA,他加盟了金州勇士队,凭借精准的投篮和不断的努 力,他的表现超出了所有人的预期。非谓语动词select的逻辑主语是Stephen,两者之间是动宾关系,所以 要用过去分词表被动,作状语。故填selected。【12题详解】考查介词。句意:然而,2009年入选NBA,他加盟了金州勇士队,凭借精准的投篮和不断的努力,他的 表现超出了所有人的预期。however表示转折,别人认为他不适合打职业篮球,他超出所有人预期,
13、介词 超出是beyond,故填beyond。【13题详解】考查动词时态。句意:2015年,斯蒂芬赢得了他的第一个NBA总冠军,他带领勇士队获得了自1975年以 来的第一个总冠军。主语S印hen后缺少谓语,根据时间状语in 2015,可知,谓语动词用一般过去时。故 填 won。【答案】14. buildings15. But 16. praying【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了巴黎圣母院发生火灾的故事。【14题详解】考查名词复数。句意:巴黎人喜欢这座城市的老建筑,尤其是巴黎圣母院。此处是名词所有格,即“名词+of+ 名词”,表示“的”,所以此处应用名词,且不止一个建筑,用可数名词bu
14、ilding的复数形式表泛 指。故填 buildingSo【15题详解】考查连词。句意:但这座有850年历史的教堂顶部和三分之二的屋顶在4月16日被大火摧毁。与上文形成 转折关系,用并列连词but,首字母大写。故填But。16题详解】考查现在分词。句意:巴黎人非常震惊,聚集在这座巨大的教堂周围,为数百名救火队员祈祷。空前有谓 语,该空与空前谓语无连词连接,动词pray用非谓语形式,逻辑主语Parisians与动词pray是主谓关系,pray 用现在分词(doing)表主动,作状语。故填praying。【答案】17. longest18. which 19. to allow20. (hai【解
15、析】【导语】本文属于记叙文。描述了在清水河大桥飞驰而过时看到的情景。【17题详解】考查形容词最高级。句意:首先映入我眼帘的是壮观的清水河大桥,这是世界上最长的建在永久冻土上的 桥。根据冠词the及名词bridge”可知,此处需要形容词最高级作定语修饰名词。故填longest。【18题详解】考查定语从句。句意:一群藏羚羊正在桥下活动,一些停下来悠闲地吃草。分析题干可知,此处是介词+ 关系代词引导的定语从句,先行词是“Tibetan antelopes ”,指物,关系代词用which,作介词“of”的宾 语故填which。【19题详解】考查动词不定式。句意:铁路下面已经修33条通道,让动物们在自然
16、栖息地安全自由地活动。句中已 有谓语动词“have been built,所以此处需要非谓语动词形式,分析句意可知,此处是作目的状语,故用 动词不定式。故填to al low o【20题详解】考查宾语从句。句意:它们似乎完全没有意识到我们正在以每小时100多公里的速度飞驰而过。根据 wThcy seem totally unawareM可知空处引导宾语从句,从句句意完整,不缺成分,故用无任何意义,只起 连接作用的that引导。故填that。第二部分:阅读理解(共两节,满分38分) 第一节(共14小题;每小题2分,共28分) 【答案】21. A 22. D 23. A【解析】【导语】本文为应用文
17、。作者通过介绍Love Zone组织和它提供的几个志愿者活动项目,号召更多的年轻人 去做志愿者。【21题详解】细节理解题。由 Meals on Wheels 中的 u For those teens who just gol iheir licenses, heres a volunteer opportunity that will make driving worthwhile. 200 million meals have been delivered so far.(对于那些刚刚拿到 驾照的青少年来说,这里有一个志愿者的机会,这将使驾驶变得值得。到目前为止,已经提供了 2亿份餐 食)”
18、和 u Meals on Wheels is on a mission to meet the nutritional and social needs of the elderly. (Meals on Wheels旨在满足老年人的营养和社会需求)”可知,有驾照的青少年可以加入志愿者Meals on Wheels给老 人送饭。故选A项。【22题详解】细节理解题。由 Best Buddies 中的 Volunteer with Best Buddies to help people with intellectual and developmental disabilities and you
19、 can make them connected with other people.(与 Best Buddies 一起做志愿者, 帮助有智力和发育障碍的人,你可以让他们与其他人取得联系)”可知,为了帮助有发育障碍的人,你可以 力R入Best BuddieSo故选D项。【23题详解】推理判断题。通读全文,作者介绍了 Love Zone组织和它的志愿者活动,最后一段中的“Even if you can,t volunteer physically, there are also tons of online volunteer opportunities available! If you w
20、ant to find out more about joining a worthwhile volunteer organization, please click at www.LovcZonc.org.(即使你不能亲自做志愿 者,也有很多在线志愿者的机会!如果你想了解更多关于加入一个有价值的志愿者组织的信息,请点击 www.LoveZone.org)”可知,作者写这篇文章是为了号召更多的人去做志愿者。故选A项。【答案】24. D 25. B 26. A 27. C【解析】【导语】本文是记叙文。文章讲述了出生于1928年的意大利最优秀的年轻滑雪者尤金尼奥蒙蒂以及在 1964年冬季奥运会上
21、因表现出的体育精神而被授予皮埃尔德顾拜旦奖章的事迹。【24题详解】细节理解题。根据第段 u However, Monti is more widely remembered as the first athlete to be awarded (he Pierre de Coubertin Medal for sportsmanship displayed during the 1964 Winter Olympic Games.(然而,人们更广 泛地记得,蒙蒂是第一位在1964年冬季奥运会上因表现出的体育精神而被授予皮埃尔德顾拜旦奖章 的运动员。)”可知,他被授予第一个顾拜旦体育精神奖章。故
22、选D。【25题详解】词义猜测题。根据第二段“At the 1964 Games in Innsbruck, Austria, Monti and his partner Sergio Siorpacs were the defending work! champions, which made them favourites in the two-man event.(在 1964 年奥地利因斯布鲁 克奥运会上,蒙蒂和他的搭档塞尔吉奥西奥帕斯是卫冕世界冠军,这使他们成为两人项目的favourites)” 可知,因为他们是卫冕世界冠军,所以成为两人项目最有希望获胜的,由此可知,划线单词“favo
23、urites” 与B项“预计将获胜的竞争对手”意思一样。故选B。【26题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段On day two, however, a faulty axle (车轴)on the sled would have been sure to lead to their withdrawal, if it werent fbr Monti offering to lend them the bolt (螺栓)from his sled.(然而,第二天,如果 不是蒙蒂愿意把雪橇上的螺栓借给他们,雪橇上的轴有故障肯定会导致他们撤退。)”说明蒙蒂很慷慨;以 及第四段“Four days lat
24、er in the four-man event, Montis selflessness towards his fellow competitors shone through fbr a second time when the rear axle on the Canadian teams sled was damaged.(四天后, 在四人滑雪比 赛中,当加拿大队雪橇的后轴受损时,蒙蒂对其他对手的无私再次显现出来。蒙蒂派意大利队的机械师去 修理,结果加拿大队赢得了金牌,蒙蒂只得再拿一枚铜牌。)”可知,蒙蒂非常的无私.故选A。【27题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段However, Mon
25、ti is more widely remembered as the first athlete to be awarded (he Pierre de Coubertin Medal for sportsmanship displayed during the 1964 Winter Olympic Games.(然而,人们更广 泛地记得,蒙蒂是第一位在1964年冬季奥运会上因表现出的体育精神而被授予皮埃尔德顾拜旦奖章 的运动员。)”以及最后一段Monti was recognised with the Pierre de Coubertin Medal for sportsmanship
26、 after the 1964 Winter Games. And four years later, at the age of 40, at the 1968 Games in Grenoble, Monti finally fulfilled his drcam of being an Olympic champion.(1964年冬季奥运会后,蒙蒂被授予顾拜旦体育精神奖章。 四年后,在1968年格勒诺布尔奥运会上,40岁的蒙蒂终于实现了他成为奥运冠军的梦想。)”可知,尤金 尼奥蒙蒂虽然因为2次帮助雪橇出故障的对手而错失奥运金牌,但是展现了体育精神,是真正的雪橇冠 军。故Eugenio
27、Monti .真正的雪橇冠军”适合做标题。故选C。【答案】28. A 29. C 30. B【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章以澳大利亚足球联盟第一位女性首席执行官Sarah Loh遭遇的不公平对待为 例,就该如何消除对女性的性别歧视,尊重她们,提了一些已经实施的和可以实施的措施。【28题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段As I read about Sarah Lohs journey to becoming the first female chief executive of the Australian Football League (AFL) last week, 1 was enc
28、ouraged by the resilience (坚韧)she showed to become a leader in her sport, but also disappointed at the unfair treatment she faced to gel there. (_EJnJ, 当我读至Sarah Loh 成为澳大利亚足球联盟第一位女性苜席执行官的历程时,我因她成为这项运动的领导者表现出的坚韧而感 到备受鼓舞,但同时也对她在这里所面临的不公平待遇感到失望)”可知,Sarah Loh遭受了不公平的对待。故选A项。【29题详解】推理判断题。根据第五段最后一句 “Recogn
29、izing their own profile and influence, they have taken active steps to address the drivers of violence and inequality, including through education and awareness-raising programs such as Carlton Respects.(认识到自己的形象和影响力,这些组织已采取积极措施,解决暴力和不平等的驱动因素, 包括通过教育和提高认识项目,如Carlton Respects)”可知,为了解决性别不平等的问题和暴力问题,这些
30、 机构通过一些教育和提高认识项目提升公众对妇女暴力这一问题的意识。故选C项。【30题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句 wSurely respect, equality and safety for all is not too much to ask for.(当 然,对所有人的尊重,平等和安全要求并不过分)”可推知,本文以女性领袖Sarah Loh遭受的不公平的对待 为例,旨在呼吁关注包含女性在内的所有人的尊重,平等和安全。故选B项。【答案】31. C 32. D 33. B 34. A【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要描述了珊瑚礁面临的复杂环境,它对人类的帮助,针对政府及人类
31、对 其保护措施的建议。【31题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中的 “When waters become unusually warm, algae float away, leaving reefs a ghostly white.(当海水变得异常温暖时,藻类就会漂走,让珊瑚礁变成一片幽灵般的白色)”可知,当海水变暖之 后,珊瑚会变成白色,故选C项。【32题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段中的Govemments need to impose tighter rules on these industrials, such as tougher local building codes, and
32、to put more effort into enforcing rules against overfishing.(政府需要对这些行业实施更 严格的规定,比如更严格的地方建筑法规,并投入更多的精力来执行禁止过度捕捞的规定)”可知,政府应 该对沿海地区的工业实行更严格的规定。故选D项【33题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中“Australias Great Barrier Reef, which is roughly the size of Italy, died and revived five times.(澳大利亚大堡礁的面积大致相当于意大利,但它曾5次死亡并复活)”可知,澳大利亚大堡
33、礁曾 经历过5次死亡并复活,并不是说所有的珊瑚礁,选项A错误;根据第三段中“Reefs takeup only a percent of the sea floor, but support a quarter of the planefs fish diversity.(珊瑚礁只占海床的百分之一,却支撑 着地球上四分之一的鱼类多样性)”可知,珊瑚礁对于鱼类的多样性的保护方面有着重要的作用,选项B 与文意相符;倒数第三段中Their eco-systems suffer from waste from farms, building sites and blast fishing. Gover
34、nments need to impose tighter rules on these industrials, such as tougher local building codes, and to put more effort into enforcing rules against overfishing.(它们的生态系统遭受农场、建筑工地和爆破捕鱼的威胁。 各国政府需要对这些行业实施更严格的规定,比如更严格的地方建筑法规,并加大力度执行禁止过度捕捞 的规定)”可知,珊瑚礁受到农业、工业和过度捕捞的影响,选项C错误;最后一段中Corafs biodiversity offers h
35、ope, because the same coral will grow differently under different condilions.(珊瑚的生物多样性带来了希 望,因为相同的珊瑚在不同的条件卜.会有不同的生长)”说明珊瑚礁的生长会受到条件的影响,选项D错 误。故选B。【34题详解】推理判断题。通读文章,根据第一段最后一句 But now, due to human activity, corals face the most complex condition they have yet had to deal with.(但现在,由于人类的活动,珊瑚面临着迄今为止最复杂
36、的环境条 件)”引出本文的话题,文章接着描述了珊瑚礁面临的复杂环境,它对人类的帮助,针对政府及人类对其保 护措施的建议。由此推知,文章的主要目的是想提忘人们对珊瑚礁的保护意识。故选A项。第二节(共5小题;每小题2分,共10分)【答案】35. D 36. E 37. C 38. B 39. G【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了如何通过创造性的追求找到你的灵感的方法。【35题详解】结合前文“Have you ever heard the famous quote “Genius is 1 percent inspiration and 99 percent perspiration?“ (
37、你有没有听过一句名言“天才是百分之一的灵感和百分之九十九的汗水。” ?)可知,天才的实现要有灵感和努力。后文“Some artists, writers, poets, musicians, and even scientists look to a muse as the source of their creativity or genius. M (一些艺术家、作家、诗人、音乐家,甚至科学家都把灵感视为他们创造力或天 赋的源泉。)说明一些著名人物把灵感视为他们的创造力或天赋的源泉。所以空处应改承接前文,讲述灵 感的获得是因人而异的。选项D. “灵感对某些人来说很容易获得,但对另一些人来说
38、却是一种挣扎。”切 题,故选D。【36题详解】根据前文“Songs, and music in general, can help you relax.” ( 般来说,歌曲和音乐可以帮助你放松。)提 到了歌曲和音乐的帮助作用。下文“Music, specifically lyrics, can also transport you to a specific time or place and provide you with ideas to help spark your own creativity.n (音乐,尤其是歌词,也可以把你带到一个特 定的时间或地点,为你提供点子,帮助激发你自
39、己的创造力。)特别提出音乐中歌词同样有着帮助作用。因而空处应承接前文,讲述在音乐中其它部分一样也有帮助。选项E. “你听到的歌词和旋律可以减轻让你 颓丧的思想。”说明歌词和旋律一样有帮助意义,切题,故选E。【37题详解】根据本段标题 “ Wrile whatever comes to mind to get your creativity flowing.(想到什么就写什么,激发你 的创造力。)前文“Writing, in and of itself, can help you generate thoughts.v (写作本身可以帮助你产生想 法。)提到了通过写作可以激发创造力和灵感。因而空
40、处应承接前文,讲述要给自己时间来写作。选项 C.“尝试每天15分钟的自由写作或日记。”说明了每天要有自由写作时间,切题,故选C。【38题详解】根据下文 “Even if you stick to one type when you write, you can borrow smaller concepts, the latest trend, personality preferences, scenery ideas, and so much more from reading different types of books.n (即使你写作 时坚持一种风格,你也可以从不同类型的书籍中借
41、用更小的概念、最新的趋势、个性喜好、风景观点等 等。)说明通过阅读也可以激发你的创造力和灵感。因而作为段落标题句,应给说明通过阅读可以来寻找 灵感的。选项B. “阅读许多不同的故事来寻找创造性的灵感。”切题,故选B。【39题详解】段落标题 uTry doodling (涂鸦)or drawing to relax and stimulate your creativity.M (试着涂鸦或者画画来放松 和激发你的创造力。)可知,涂鸦或者画画可以实现放松,同时激发你的创造力。后文“Instead, try spontaneous (自 发的)activities, such as doodlin
42、g or abstract drawing, as a way to be creative without the pressure (hat can come with creating finished art.v (相反,尝试自发的活动,如涂鸦或抽象绘画,作为一种创造性的 方式,没有创造成品艺术所带来的压力。)可知,涂鸦等自由的绘画方式是一种创造性的方式,但不会带 来压力。因此空处应讲述相对涂鸦而言,你不必通过专业的画来寻求自己的创造力。选项G. “你可以艺术 地表达自己,而不用每次都画一幅专业的画。”切题,故选G。第三部分书面表达(共两节,满分32分)第一节(共4小题;第40、41题
43、各2分,第42题3分,第43题5分,共12分)【答案】40. Seeing the varying impacts of the intense workouts.41. For some people, it is better to work out in the afternoon.42. False, becuase professor Schrauwen and his colleagues carried out (he research using a ready-made source of data in their own prior experiment rather t
44、han using newly-collected data.43. I think that inoming exercise is the best lime for me because I am pretty busy in the afternoon and I wake up early in the morning. 1 have fewer things to do at that time and have enough time to exercise.【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要说明了锻炼时间对新陈代谢的影响。不同的人群应该选择适合自己的锻炼 时间。【40题详解
45、】考查细节理解。根据文章第二段最后一句Now, seeing the varying impacts of the intense workouts, he wondered if the timing of workouts might similarly affect peopled metabolisms. (看到了高强度锻炼的不同影响,他想 知道是否锻炼时间也可能会影响人们的新陈代谢。)可知,Professor Schrauwen看到了之前研究中高强度锻 炼的影响后决定去考虑锻炼时间在新陈代谢中的作用。故答案为Seeing the varying impacts of the inte
46、nse workouts o41题详解】考查细节理解。根据第四段第一句He says, “This study does suggest that afternoon exercise may be more beneficial for people with disturbed metabolisms than the same exercise done earlier. n (他说:”这项研究确实 表明,对于代谢紊乱的人来说,下午锻炼可能比之前做同样的锻炼更有益。”)可知,对有些人来说,下 午锻炼比较好。故答案为 For some people, it is better to wor
47、k out in the afternoono【42题详解】考查细节理解。根据第二段第,句Incidentally, he and his colleagues had a ready-made source of data in their own prior experiment.(顺带提一下,他和同事们在他们之前的实验中有现成的数据来源。)可知,Professor Schrauwen和同事们做实验使用的数据是之前收集的,而不是新收集的。故Professor Schrauwen and his colleagues carried out the research by using new
48、ly-collected data. ” (Professor Schrauwen 和同事们使用 新收集的数据实施实验。)是错误的。故答案为 False, because professor Schrauwen and his colleagues carried out the research using a ready-made source of data in their own prior experiment rather than using newly-collected data。【43题详解】开放性题目。问你认为锻炼中最重要的是什么并解释原因。故答案为I ihink th
49、at morning exercise is the best (ime for me because I am pretty busy in the afternoon and I wake up early in the morning. I have fewer things to do at that time and have enough time to exercise.或者 1 think that persistence is the most important thing in workout because exercising is very exhausting. With