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1、2022北京房山高三（上）期末英 语本试卷共10页，共100分，时长90分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将答 题卡交回，试卷自行保存。第一部分 知识运用（共两节，30分）第一节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Xing Yifan is a university student who was diagnosed with amyotrophic lateral sclcrosis（ALS） about six months after birth.Due
2、 to severe spinal deformity （畸形）caused by the illness, Xing, who weighs only 18 kilograms, has in doing routine （asks that most people take for granted. However, armed with a strong will, he worked hard to ensure that the2- would not hold him back. Since his muscles are too 3 to support his body, he
3、 puts his head on a desk toread, He 4 all the difficulties and was admitted to No. 1 Middle School in Jilin with the highest test scores in the schools history.“I 5 everything Ive got to you. You determined early on that while the disease has made me 6 the ability to walk and run, it wouldnt make me
4、 lose the 7 opportunity. You have accompanied me through every class from primary school to high school. I know every day is8for you, but you never give up. Xing said to hisparents.In Xings mind, disease can hurt his body but cant9his desire fbr knowledge and his confidence to serve thecountry. In 2
5、021, Xing went to Beihang University with a score of 645 points in the college entrance examination.10_ can create miracles. Xing Yifan has shown the power of optimism and strength for people.1. A. anxietyB. interestC. difficultyD. confidence2. A. weightB. diseaseC. pressureD. prospect3. A. weakB. f
6、lexibleC. sensitiveD. ad叩table4. A. avoidedB. ignoredC. expectedD. overcame5. A. oweB. leaveC. offerD. contribute6. A. showB.reduceC. loseD. keep7. A.jobB. practiceC. educationD. promotion8. A. excitingB. surprisingC. frighteningD. challenging9. A. balanceB. destroyC. controlD. strengthen10. A. Brav
7、eryB. EffortC. PatienceD. Imagination第二节（共10小题：每小题1.5分，共15分）A阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写I个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号 内所给词的正确形式填空。My father is a carpenter and he has passed that skill on to me. He taught me how to work with wood and make wood do what I wanted it to do. So far my father 11 （build） dozens o
8、f （he most beautiful pieces out of wood. He is making aA阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号 内所给词的正确形式填空。My father is a carpenter and he has passed that skill on to me. He taught me how to work with wood and make wood do what I wanted it to do. So far my father 11 (build) dozens of the
9、 most beautiful pieces out of wood. He is making a picture frame 12 one of his friends now. He spends hours on (he pieces of wood everyday 13 (make) it perfect. That is also what my father handed down to me-the attitude14 he has towards his work.【答案】11. has built12. for 13. to make14. that#which【解析】
10、【分析】这是一篇说明文。作者的父亲是个木匠，他把这项技能传给了作者。他教作者如何使用木头，到目前为 止，父亲已经用木头做了几十件最漂亮的作品。他现在正在给他的一个朋友做相框。他每天花几个小时在木片上， 来让它变得完美。【II题详解】考查时态。句意：到目前为止，我父亲已经用木头做了几十件最漂亮的作品。根据上文S。far可知为现在完成时， 主语为father,助动词用has。故填has built。【12题详解】考查介词。句意：他现在正在为他的一个朋友做相框。后跟。ne of his friends作宾语，表示“为了”应用介词for。故 填 for。【13题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他每天花几个
11、小时在木片上，来让它变得完美。此处make在句中作目的状语，应用不定 式。故填to make。【14题详解】考杳定语从句。句意：这也是我父亲传给我的他对待工作的态度。此处为定语从句修饰先行词attilude,先行词 在从句作宾语,指物，故用关系代词that或which引导。故填句at/which。B阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写I个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号 内所给词的正确形式填空。Now, the loss of nature carries a huge economic cost. If we want to resolve the climate
12、 crisis, reduce inequality, maintain the wealth of nations and feed a 15 (grow) global population, we must protect, restore, and sustainably manage nature. It is no longer enough fbr businesses to be “less bad. 16 we need is to be good, and we need to make up for (he damage or we will put 17 (we) in
13、 danger.【答案】15. growing16. What 17. ourselves【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了大自然的消失给我们带来的危害，呼吁保护大自然。【15题详解】考杳形容词。句意：如果我们想要解决气候危机、减少不平等、维持国家财富和养活不断增长的全球人口，我们就 必须保护、恢复和可持续地管理自然。空处修饰名词population,需填形容词growing作定语。故填growing。【16题详解】考杳主语从句。句意：我们需要的是变好，然后我们需要弥补损失，否则我们会把自己置于危险之中。分析句子结 构可知，“ 2 wc need”为主语从句,从句缺少宾语，需用连接
14、代词what引导。位于句首，首字母需大写。故 填 Whato【17题详解】考查代词。句意同上。主语we和宾语一致，需用其对应的反身代词作宾语。故填。urselves。C阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号 内所给词的正确形式填空。A super-sized earth pressure balance shield machine (盾构机)made in China is ready (o be put into use. The shield machine, 18 (name) “Jinxiu,“ rolled off th
15、e production line on Saturday. This shield machine is the 19 (large) of its kind produced by China. With a total length of 135 meters and a weight of 3,000 tons, the machine 20 (use) for the construction of the Jinxiu Tunnel in the future.【答案】18. namedlargest19. will be used【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。中国制造的超大型土
16、压力平衡盾构机即将投入使用。这台名为“锦绣”的盾构机r周六下 线。这台盾构机是中国生产的最大的盾构机。该机器总长135米，重量3()00吨，将用于未来的锦绣隧道的建设。【18题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这台名为“锦绣”的盾构机于周六从生产线下线。分析句子结构可知name在句中应用非谓 语动词形式，与逻辑主语The shield machine构成被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。故填named。【19题详解】考杳最高级。句意：这台盾构机是中国生产的最大的盾构机。根据上文定冠词the以及句意“最大的”可.知应用形容 词最高级。故填largest。【20题详解】考查时态语态。句意：该机器总长135米
17、，重量3000吨，将用于未来的锦绣隧道的建设。主语与谓语构成被动关 系，结合后文in the future可.知为一般将来时的被动语态。故填will be used。第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，38分)第一节(共14小题：每小题2分，共28分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。ALooking for a good book? We have the worlds largest collection of expert book recommendations. The following are books that have bee
18、n recommended over and over again, suggesting they arc sonic of the most important books ever written.Atomic Habits by James ClearAtomic Habits, published in 2018, will reshape the way you think about progress and success, and give you the tools and strategies you need to transform your habits. If y
19、oure having trouble changing your habits, the problem is your system. Bad habits repeat themselves again and again because you have the wrong system for change. James Clear will help you get a proven system that can lake you to new heights.The Looming Tower by Lawrence WrightThe Looming Tower by Law
20、rence Wright was published in 2014. The book is the most detailed and thrilling account of the events that led to the destruction of the Twin Towers, based on five years of research and hundreds of interviews.Ammonite by Nicola GriffithAmmonite, Griffiths first science fiction, which was published i
21、n 1992, won the Lambda Award and the James Tiptree Jr Award. It tells us a thrilling story: A human expedition to the planet Jeep is nearly wiped out by a virus that kills all the men and most of the women. Some centuries later, Marghe is sent to test a vaccine on the people there. As she lives and
22、moves among them, Marghe finds herself changed in unexpected ways.Walden by Henry David ThoreauFirst published in 1854, Walden details Thoreaus experiences over the course of two years, two months, and two days in a cabin he built near Walden Pond, in woodland owned by his friend Ralph Waldo Emerson
23、, near Concord, Massachusetts. The book compresses the time into a single calendar year and uses passages of four seasons to symbolize human development.20. Who wrote the book about the disaster of the Twin Towers?A James Clear.B. Lawrence Wright.C. Nicola Griffith.D. Henry David Thoreau.21. Which b
24、ook is the best choice for the people who love science fictions?A. Atomic Habits.B. The Looming Tower.C. Ammonite.D. Walden.22. According to the passage, the four books are all.A. about thrilling storiesB. recommended by expertsC. newly published booksD. helpful in shaping your habits【答案】21. B 22. C
25、 23. B【解析】【分析】这是篇说明文。作者收集大量专家对书推荐的数据，然后向读者推荐一些有史以来最重要的书。【21题详解】细节理解题。由文章第三段“ The book is the most detailed and thrilling account of the events that led to the destruction of the Twin Towers, based on five years of research and hundreds of inlerviews.（这本书是最详细且惊心动魄地描述那些 导致双子塔毁灭的事件，以五年来的研究和成百上千的调查为基础。）
26、可知，The Looming Tower by Lawrence Wright这本书描述的是Twin Towerso故选B项。【22题详解】细节理解题。由文章倒数第二段Ammonite, Griffiths first science fiction, which was published in 1992, won the Lambda Award and the James Tiptree Jr Award.” (Ammonite 是 Griffith 的第一本科幻小说，出版于 1992 年，而且获 得Lambda奖和he James Tiptree Jr奖)可知,Ammonite是一本科
27、幻小说。故选C项。【23题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第一段“We have the worlds largest collection of expert book recommendations. The following are books that have been recommended over and over again,(我们拥有世界上最大专家对书的推荐的收集数据，下面是一 些不断被推荐的书籍。)可知，文章推荐的书籍都是专家们多次推荐的。故选B项。BThe Importance of a Childs GiftOn the first day of fourth grade
28、, my teacher, Mrs. Brown, told my class a story about her husband Rob, who is a brain cancer survivor. She talked about their journey through his treatment and recovery. After what Mrs. Brown experienced with Robs illness, she decided to devote part of her life to helping people in similar situation
29、s. She told us about a local organization she was a part of called Be Head Strong (BHS), which works to support and comfort families with a member suffering from brain cancer. Her strength and attitude toward her situation inspired me and led me to realize some significant lessons about love and hop
30、e.One day, when I was looking at the money that I had saved, I thought about the stories Mrs. Brown had told us, about Rob and all the other remarkable people she worked with through BHS. I decided (ha( was where I wanted my money to go.As the last day of school approached, I wrapped the heart-shape
31、d box full of dollars and coins. After all the other kids had left on the last day of school, I handed Mrs. Brown (he present. As she opened it, I told her that I wanted the money to go to BHS to help people like Rob. She broke into tears and hugged me tightly.I was invited to BHSs annual fundraiser
32、 and auction. The nighls theme was hope and giving. The auctioneer told everyone the story of my gift to Mrs. Brown, the $131.30. At the end, he asked, “How many of you arc willing to do what a fourth grade girl did and donate $131.30?” At that point nearly everyone in (he room raised their bidding
33、numbers. At that moment I realized that the money I had donated had become something bigger than that.Inspired by Mrs. Brown, I continued my fundraising through the years, starling fundraisers and helping with BHS events. The joy that I found in this organization never came from any recognition that
34、 I received for my action. I gained belief and hope from (he people that I met and worked with in BHS. These events and experiences have shown me what love can bring in bad situations. I want to spend much of my life volunteering.People may not always realize how big of an impact one kind gesture ca
35、n make. Mrs. Brown sparked a decision in my life that has changed how 1 live.23. What made the author better understand love and hope?A. Mrs. Browns love fbr her students.B. The local organizations contribution.C. Mrs. Browns positive attitude towards hardship.D. Robs journey through his treatment a
36、nd recovery.24. What did the author do for BHS?A. She presented the auctioneer with his gifts.B. She participated in an auction and became a winner.C. She donated her money and raised fund for the organization.D. She made lectures to inspire (hose who lived with brain cancer.25. What did the author
37、value most in her voluntaiy experience?A. Belief and hope.C Love and recognition.B. Comfort and joy.D. Respect and confidence.27. What can we conclude from this passage?A. Great hopes make great man.C. A friend in need is a friend indeed.B. Actions speak louder than words.D. A small decision can mak
38、e a big difference.【答案】24. C 25. C 26. A 27. D【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了作者在老师布朗夫人的激励下，更好地理解了爱和希望，为一个名为“坚强起来” 的组织募集资金和参加活动，布朗夫人让作者认识到一个小的决定可以造成很大的不同。【24题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中“ARer what Mrs. Brown experienced with Robs illness, she decided to devote part of her life to helping people in similar situations. She tol
39、d us about a local organization she was a part of called Be Head Strong （BBS）, which works to support and comfort families with a member suffering from brain cancer. Her strength and altitude toward her situation inspired me and led me to realize some significant lessons about love and hope.（在布朗夫人经历
40、 了罗布的疾 病之后，她决定把她生命的一部分用来帮助处于类似情况的人。她告诉我们，她是当地一个名为“坚强起来”的组织 的成员，该组织致力于支持和安慰患有脑癌的家庭成员。她的力量和对她处境的态度激励着我，让我意识到一些关 于爱和希望的重要教训）”可知，布朗夫人对困难的积极态度让作者更好地理解了爱和希望。故选C。【25题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中“As she opened it, I told her that I wanted the money to go to BUS to help people like Rob.（她 打开盒子时，我告诉她，我想把这笔钱捐给BHS,帮助像罗布这样的人
41、）”以及倒数第二段中“Inspired by Mrs. Brown, I continued my fundraising through the years, starting fundraisers and helping with BHS events.（在布朗夫人的激励下，多 年来我一直在筹集资金，开始筹集资金，并帮助BHS的活动）”可知，作者为BHS捐了钱，为该组织筹集了资金。 故选C。【26题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“I gained belief and hope from the people that I met and worked with in BHS.（我从
42、在 BHS遇到和共事的人那里获得了信念和希望）“可知，作者在她的志愿经历中最看重的是信念和希望。故选A。【27题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“People may not always realize how big of an impact one kind gesture can make. Mrs. Brown sparked a decision in my life that has changed how I live.（人们可能并不总是意识到一种姿态能产生多大的影响。布朗 夫人在我生命中引发了一个决定，这个决定改变了我的生活方式）”可推知，一个小的决定可以造成很大的不同。故 选
43、D。Beyond IdentityWe often think of ourselves as our body, mind, and emotions. However, we also often talk about a persons soul. Is there any scientific basis for the soul? Surprisingly, there is. Each unique personality a person has, the feeling and identity of the seif beyond age, and our inevitabl
44、e subjective experience as an individual make a scientific foundation fbr the soul.Despite the constant change in the links between our brain cells, wc remain the same personality. This is most obvious in the case of mentally ill patients or people who have experienced memory loss. Science journalis
45、t Michael Lemonick told the story of Lonni Sue, who suffered brain damage and was left unable to recall her past or to form new memories. Lemonick thought that Lonni Sue. when she lost her memories, lost her self. But once he got to know her, as well as people who knew her before and after her injur
46、y, Lemonick discovered that herself had not been destroyed. She was still cheerful in a way that made people around her feel better, and she was still creative and playful. So, despite memory loss, we still have the essence of our personality. Basically, no matter what happens to our brain, our uniq
47、ue personality seems to shine through.Besides one,s personality being present despite memory loss, the soul of a person can be identified through ones consciousness. Though we commonly identify with our body and what we see in the mirror, we also have a sense that we are not a certain age一as our sen
48、se of self usually depends less on age and rather on our subjective feeling of who we are.Lastly, each person is inevitably subjective about his or her experience. Despite humans being very similar to each other in DNA, our view on reality is very different from individual to individual.The soul of
49、a person is challenging to prove scientifically. However, with each persons personality being unique, the behavioral quality of thinking of the self beyond age, and our inevitable subjective experience, we can say that the soul has some basis in science. These realities of our behavior, character, and p