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1、人教2019新版必修三 Unit4一、词汇短语精练：用所给词的适当形式或根据句子含义用适当词组填空。1. .Everyone concerned acted with great courage and(determine).【答案】determination【解析】考查名词。句意：每个相关的人都表现出了极大的勇气和决心。根据空前courage and可知， 此处并列连词连接名词作介词with的宾语，determine的名词为determination “决心”，为不可数名词。故 填 determination oOnly a few people were in support of his
2、 plan, which made him very(disappoint).【答案】disappointed【解析】考查形容词。句意：仅仅一些人支持他的计划，这使他感到很失望。空格处是宾补，因此要用形 容词，表示某人感到失望，故填disappointed。2. After a long time of discussion they accepted the agreement without(argue).【答案】argument【解析】考查名词。句意：经过长时间的讨论，他们毫无异议地接受了这个协议。分析句子可知，设空处 应填名词，作介词without的宾语，所给词argue为动词，其名词
3、为argument,意为“争论，异议”，为不 可数名词。故填argument。.3. This hospital(attach) to the medical college nearby.【答案】is attached【解析】考查时态，语态和主谓一致。句意：这所医院附属于附近那所医学院。hospital和attach之间是被 动关系，句子用被动语态，句子描述客观事实，时态用一般现在时，因此空格处是一般现在时的被动语态，主语This hospital是单数，因此空格处是is attached,故填is attachedo4. Learn from their mistakes and thei
4、r successes, but also make sure to think(independent).【答案】independently【解析】句意为：从他们的错误和成功中学习，但也一定要独立地思考。此处修饰动词think,应用副词作 状语。故填 independently。5. These magnificent ancient buildings demonstrate the great(intelligent) of the labouring people.【答案】intelligence【解析】句意为：这些壮丽的古代建筑显示了劳动人民的高度智慧。设空处前有定冠词the和形容性
5、great, 后面有of短语作定语，应用名词，故填intelligence。击败的；C.annoyed生气的；D.changed经过改变的。由However表转折可知，此处表示“一件小事 改变了他，应选D。4. D【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：有一天，他和一群朋友玩的时候，把学校发给班主任的蔬菜给毁 了。A.books 书；B.fruits 水果；C. clothes 衣服；D. vegetables 蔬菜。由后文的I have no vegetables to eat”可知，他毁掉的是蔬菜，应选D。5. B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：令他吃惊的是，老师非但没有批评他，反而温和地对他说。
6、 A.disappointmentB.surprise 惊讶；C.embarrassment 尴尬；D.horror 恐惧。由后文的 uinstead ofcriticizing him”可知，老师没有批评他，这让他惊讶，应选B。6. A【解析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：令他吃惊的是，老师非但没有批评他，反而温和地对他说。A.gently 轻柔地;B.sharply急剧地；C. happily高兴地；D.unwillingly不情愿地。由后文的“I know you didn*t do it 7 but in this way,! have no vegetables to eat,?知，老师说
7、话很轻柔，应选 A。7. C【解析】考查固定短语辨析。句意：我知道你不是故意的，这样一来，我就设有菜吃了。A.byaccident 偶然；B.for fun为了好玩；C.on purpose故意t地；D.with doubt带着疑问。由上文的when playing with a group of friends, he destroyed the head teachers that were handed out by the schoolv 可知, 老师说 的意思是“我知道你不是故意的”，应选C。8. B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这是陈冬第一次体会到什么是责任和宽容。A.patie
8、nce耐心； B.responsibility 责任；C.independence 独立；D.honesty 老实。由后文的 “From then on, he worked hard,helped others,and thus grew better and betterv 可知，他从那以后知道了什么是责任，应选 B。9. B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：飞得更高，一直是陈冬的心愿。A .memory回忆；B.desire渴望； C.opportunity 机会； D.honor 荣誉。 由后文的 u During the training program for astronauts,
9、 no matter how difficult,the idea of giving up never. 10 in his mind” 可知，要飞得更高一直是陈冬的心愿，应选 B。10. A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在宇航员的训练计划中，无论多么困难，他从未有过放弃的想法。A. emerged 出现；B. disappeared 消失；C. turned 转向；D.varied 变化。由上文的 “Flying higher has al ways been the 9 of Chen Dong for far too long v可知，他一直以来就想飞得更高，所以从来不放弃，也就 是
10、放弃的想法从来没有在他的脑海中出现过，应选A。1LC【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：考查动词短语辨析。句意：为了充分准备这次太空任务，陈冬几 乎切断了与外界的联系。A.stayed in呆在家里；B.setup建立；C.cut off切断；D.showed off炫耀。由后文的 “ almost all his energy and time to the training program.Even his twin sons could13meet their father ” 可知，他几乎切断了与外界的联系。应选C。12 .C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他几乎把所有的精力和时间都用在了
11、训练计划上。A.叩plied应用； B.related 联系；C.devoted 献身，致力;D.adjusted 调整。由上文的almost 1 Icontact with the outside world可知，他几乎把所有的精力和时间都用在了训练计划上，应选C。13 . A【解析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：就连他的双胞胎儿子也很少能见到他们的父亲。A.seldom很少;B.never 从不；C.frequently 频繁地；D.always 总是。由上文的 “Chen Dong almost 11 contact with the outside world.He 12 almost al
12、l his energy and time to the training program ” 可知，就连他的双胞胎儿子也 很少能见到他们的父亲。应选A.14 .D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：虽然不能一直陪在他们身边，陈冬还是用其他方式来表达自己的 爱。A.educate 教育；B.train 训练：C.influence 影响；D.accompany 陪伴。由上文的“Even his twin sons could 13 meet their father可知，他不能陪孩子，应选D.15 .D【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他拍摄只有从太空才能看到的星星，想象孩子们收到星星时会 多么高
13、兴和自豪。A.confused困感的；B.challenged伤残的;C.refreshed清爽的，恢复精神的;D.delighted 高兴的。由上文的 “He takes pictures of the stars that can only be seen from space” 可知，他拍摄只有从 太空才能看到的星星，孩子收到一定会高兴，应选D。七、书面表达假设你是李华，举行了一次班会，班会的主题是：太空探险的意义。请结合下表内容，用英语给校报 写一篇文章，客观地介绍班会上同学们讨论的情况并表达你自己的观点。赞同的理由：1.获得新知识：2.从太空取得新资源；3.扩大人类未来的生存空间。反
14、对的理由：L耗资巨大，2.宇航员的安全问题。注意：1 ,词数100左右；2开头已给出，不计入总词数。Outer Space Explorations,YES or NO?【参考答案】Outer Space Explorations,YES or NO?We had an argument over whether it is necessary to carry out outer space explorations at a class meeting the other day.Different students have different attitudes towards it.
15、Some of us think it important to research the outer space because,first of all,people can get a better understanding of the outer space through their exploration.Second,new resources can be found there for human being.Third,this exploration can possibly bring about new living space for human life in
16、 the near future.However,others are strongly against it.They believe that it takes so much money to do this kind of exploration,which is not worth the value.Besides,it is very dangerous for astronauts to do such work in the outer space.In my opinion,people should be pioneering and therefore such exp
17、lorations into the outer space are worth trying out.【语篇解读】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生写一封邮件向外教请教关于参加北京外国语大学入 学英语面试的建议及考前须知。【详解】1.词汇积累讨论：argumentf discussion实施：carry out-perform不同的：differentf distinct态度：attitudeopinion2 ,句式拓展简单句变复合句In my opinion,people should be pioneering and therefore such explorations into th
18、e outer space are worth trying out.In my opinion,people should be pioneering so that such explorations into the outer space are worth trying out.【点睛 1 高分句型 1 We had an argument over whether it is necessary to carry out outer space explorations at a class meeting the other day.（由 whether 弓I 导的宾语从句）【高
19、分句型 2 Some of us think it important to research the outer space because, first of all, people can get a better understanding of the outer space through their exploration,（由 because 弓I 导的原因状语从句）【高分句型 3 They believe that it takes so much money to do this kind of exploration,which is not worth the valu
20、e.（由that引导的宾语从句和which引导的非限制性定语从句）7. The fashion world just keeps(recycle) old ideas.【答案】recycling【解析】考查动名词。句意：时装界就是不停地翻新旧观念。空格处是宾语，根据keep doing (保持做某 事)可知空格处填recycling。8. The police began to pay attention to the(mystery) disappearance of the girl.【答案】mysterious【解析】考查形容词。句意：警方开始关注这个女孩的神秘失踪。空格处是定语，修饰名
21、词disappearance, 要用形容词。故填mysterious。9. They may only have a(limit) amount of time to get their points across.【答案】limited【解析】考查形容词。句意：他们可能只有有限的时间来表达他们的观点。此处形容词“有限的”修饰名 词amount,作定语，故填limitedoYou should do it(regular).【答案】regularly【解析】考查副词。句意：你应该经常这么做。此处修饰动词do,应用副词regularly,作状语。故填regularlyo 二、重点语法精练：虚拟语
22、气(二)1.1 wish he(tell) me the truth last week.【答案】had told【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：我多希望他上周告诉我真相。wish后的宾语从句要用虚拟语气，根据last week可知，此处表示对过去的虚拟，从句的谓语动词用过去完成时，故填had told。2.1t is important that one(master) the skills of operating computers【答案】(should) master【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：一个人掌握计算机的操作是很重要的。根据his important that sb (should
23、) do sth (某人做某事是重要的)可知，空格处填(should) master。3, It is strange that she(fail) to see her name on the list答案should have failed/have failed【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：奇怪的是，她竟然没有在名单上看到她的名字。It is strange that+从句，要 用虚拟语气，从句谓语用(should) +动词原形，含有惊奇的意味(通常可翻译为“竟然”)；should有两种 用法，一种是一般时态(should) +动词原形)，另一种是完成时态(should) have don
24、e),这里强调的是 过去，表示对过去动作的的惊叹，所以用完成时表示。故填(should) have failed。1.1 suggest every one of us(breathe) fresh air outside our homes every morning.答案(should) breathe【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：我建议大家每天早晨到室外呼吸新鲜空气。suggest/后接宾语从句，表示建 议时，用虚拟语气，从句谓语为(should) +动词原形，从句主动语态，breathe用动词原形形式。故填breathe 或 shouldbreatheoThe librarian com
25、manded that the books borrowed from the library(return) as soon as possible. 【答案】should be returned/be returned【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意:图书管理员命令从图书馆借来的书应尽快归还。句中command意为“命 令”，后面的宾语从句用should+动词原形，其中should可以省略，故答案为(should) be returned。5. He insisted that he(not steal) the money.【答案】hadnt stolen【解析】考查动词用法，当insist意
26、为“坚持认为，坚持说”时，后接的宾语从句应当用陈述语气，主句是 过去时态，从句发生在主句动作之前，用过去完成时态，故填hadnt stolen。6. Id rather Mary(give) us some advice on how to learn English well tomorrow.【答案】gave【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：我宁愿玛丽明天给我们一些关于如何好好学习英语的建议。would rather后 的宾语从句用虚拟语气，谓语动词用过去式。故答案为gave。7. It was suggested that the meeting(hold) the next day.答案 1
27、 (should) be held【解析】考查虚拟语气和动词语态。句意：有人建议会议在第二天举行。分析句子结构可知，在It is suggested that句式中，其中that引导的主语从句使用虚拟语气，谓语动词为should+动词原形，其中should可省略， 又that后的从句中，主语是meeting与hold之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，在should后，be动词用原 形。故填(should) be held。8. Her only request is that the room(clean) after being used,答案should be cleaned/be clean
28、ed【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：她唯一的要求是房间被用完后要清扫干净。分析句子结构，名词request表 示“要求”，that引导的表语从句要使用虚拟语气，即从句谓语使用should+动词原形形式，should可以省 略，clean与主语the room之间是被动关系，应用被动语态。故填(should) be cleaned,You might feel as if you(be) in a fairy tale.【答案】were【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：你可能会觉得自己仿佛置身于童话故事中。分析句子，feel后为asif (似乎、 好像)引导的表语从句。根据句意，“仿佛置身于童话故事中”为
29、对现实相反的假设，要用虚拟语气，be动 词用 were。故填：were。三、语法填空What will it be like to live on the moon?Vblunteers 1 (live)in Yuegongl, closed lab2imitates a moonlike environment at Beihang University in Beijing,might be able to answer this question.In January,four volunteers finished spending 200 days in the lab.Never3
30、any person stayed in a closed lab for such a long period of time before the volunteers had their try.lt was tough for the volunteers to have both body and mind4(adjust)to the environment in the closed lab.5their credits,the volunteers set a world record for the6(long)stay in a closed lab.Life in Yue
31、 go ng 1 is busy. Volunteers get up at 8:30 am and go to bed at 11 pm.Growing food7(be)their daily routine.There are more than 30 kinds of vegetables and fruit for them to grow and eat.Volunteers need to record their body temperature,blood8(press)and mental state every day.Scientists outside the lab
32、 use these data9(monitor)their health.The experiment will give scientists information that can be used to create better living areas for 10(astronaut)in space,the Xinhua News Agency reported.【语篇解读】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了居住在太空模拟仓的四名志愿者的经历。1. living【解析】考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，动词live在句中作定语，修饰名词volunteers,和名词 volunteer
33、s之间是主动关系，需用现在分词living表示。故填livingowhich/that【解析】考查定语从句。分析句子可知，u imitates a moonlike environment at Beihang University in Beijing”在句中作定语，是定语从句，修饰先行词lab,先行词lab在定语从句中作主语，指物，需用 关系代词which/that引导。故填which/thato2. had【解析】考查动词时态c分析句子可知，stayed在主句Never 3 any person stayed in a closed lab for such a long period
34、of time ” 中作谓语，由时间状语从句 before the volunteers had their try 中的谓语动词 had 使用的是一般过去时可知，动词stay需用过去完成时时态had stayed表示，否认词never在句首，句子 需局部倒装，即把助动词had提到主语any person前面。故填had。3. adjusted【解析】考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，动词adjust在句中作宾补，和宾语“both body and mind”之间是被动关系，需用过去分词adjusted表示。故填adjustedoTo【解析】考查介词。分析句子可知，t。ones credit表达的
35、是“值得赞扬的是”的意思，是固定搭配。 故填To。4. longest【解析】考查形容词最高级。句意：值得赞扬的是，这些志愿者们创造了一个世界上待在封闭式 实验室最长时间的记录。分析句子可知，名词stay前需用形容词修饰，根据句意可知，形容词long需用 最高级longest表示。故填longesto7.is【解析】考查主谓一致和动词的时态。动名词Growing food作主语，谓语动词be动词用单数形式，且 根据前后时态可知为一般现在时。故填is。8. pressure【解析】考查名词。句意：志愿者们需要每天记录他们的体温，血压和精神状态。根据句意可知， 空格处需填写名词，press是动词，
36、需转换为名词pressure,表示“压力”的意思。故填pressure。9. to monitor【解析】考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，动词monitor在句中作目的状语，需用不定式to monitor 表示。故填 to monitor。10. astronauts【解析】考查名词的复数。句意：新华社报道，这个实验将会给科学家提供可以用来为太空中 的宇航员创造更好的居住环境的信息。根据句意可知，为太空中的宇航员创造更好的居住区域，不止一 个宇航员，所以名词astronaut需用复数形式。故填astronauts。四、阅读理解What are your retirement plans?Keep
37、 working?Get more exercise?Or learn something new?You may put them on hold.Theres a chance that., sooner or later,you might have to move further than you were thinking,as far as mars.On Thursday,National Geographic will show the first-ever Mars show home,giving earthlings（地球人）an idea of what their l
38、ife could look like on the Red Planet.In the not-so-distant year of 2037,the igloo-shaped structure could be the home of your future.It shows a house built using recycled spacecraft （航天器）parts and Martian soil,called regolith,which has been microwaved into bricks.Some parts of the home are recogniza
39、ble-a kitchen,a bedroom-but there are fundamental differences that are important to human survival.As the Martian atmosphere is around one hundredth as thick as the Earth*s,people will need permanent（永久 的）shelter from the sun;society will move largely indoors.Most buildings will be connected by unde
40、rground passages and the houses wont have windows.The homes will have simulated solar lighting,or natural light that has been bent several times Walls will need to be 10 to 12 feet thick to protect people from dangerous rays （that can pass through six feet of steel,and a double air-locked entrance t
41、o keep the home under proper pressure.“We dont think of our houses as things that keep us alive,but on Mars your house will be a survival centre,9says Stephen Petranek,author of How Well Live on Mars.This is not just the stuff of sci-fi. t610 to 20 years from now there will certainly be people,on Ma
42、rs. Petranek says.“Weve had the technology for 30 years to land people on Mars,but we haven*t had the will J Petranek says.But two main factors have completely swung public attitudes”.The private companiesparticipation has forced government agencies to speed up their game,and influential films such
43、as Gravity and The Martian have caught societys eye.1. What can we know about the show home from the text?A.It has no windows or doors due to security concern.B.Its design presents the idea of environmental protection.C.It has thick walls keeping the home under proper pressure.D.Its underground pass
44、ages connect all the building together.2. What do the underlined words “put them on hold“ in Paragraph 1 probably mean?A.Put them off.B.Give them a way. C. Carry them through.D.Take them seriously.3. According to Petranek,what has sped up the process of sending people to Mars?A.The great influence o
45、f the Mars show home.B.The development of related technology.C.The competition from private companies.D.The popularity of influential books on Mars.4. What is the best title for the text?A.Living on Mars:Possible or Not B.Sending People to Mars:Yes or NoC.First-ever show home:How Is It Made D.Future
46、 Home on Mars:What Will It Be Like【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了未来人们在火星上的生活的情景。1. B【解析】推理判断题。根据文章第三段第一句uIt shows a house built using recycled spacecraft （航天器） parts and Martian soil, called regolith,which has been microwaved into bricks v 可知，房屋使用 了 回收的 航天器，这样的设计显示了环境保护的理念。故B项正确。2. A【解析】词义猜想题c 根据画线词前面的 uKeep w
47、orking? Get more exercise? Or learn something newn 可知，这是一些退休后的具体打算，同时根据画线词后面的“you might have to move further than you were thinkingv可知，画线词表示推迟这些打算。因此选A。3. C 【解析】细节理解题。根据最后-段 uThe private companiesarticipation has forced government agencies to speed up their gamev可知，私人公司的参加迫使政府机构积极起来。故C项正确。4. D【解析】主旨
48、大意题。根据第二段第一句uthe first-ever Mars show home,giving earthlings （地球人）an idea of what their life could look like on the Red Planet”和下面几个段落的内容可知，本篇文章主要讲 述了未来在火星上生活的具体情况。因此选D。五、七选五Gardening 380 Kilometers above Earth Astronauts have to go through physical,psychological,and technical training.They also go through training in how to care for plants.These astronaut gardeners” share their work and living space with plants.Taking seeds and plants along on a trip isn*t a new idea.As space trips become longer,it will be necessary to grow food in space. 1 Because of this,its not practical to send