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1、人教2019新版必修一 Unit4一、词汇短语精练：用所给词的适当形式或根据句子含义用适当词组填空。1. .众所周知，抽烟会损害我们的健康。As we all know,smoking can our health.【答案】do damage to【解析】考查名词短语和情态动词。结合句意可知，此处考查固定短语do damage to,意为“损害”，故填 do damage to。2. It can also(affect)by power and class.but not necessarily so.【答案】be affected【解析】考查被动语态。句意：它也会受到权力和阶级的影响，但也
2、不一定如此。分析句意可知，主语It 和谓语affect之间为被动关系，要使用被动语态，前有情态动词can,be动词用原形，故填be affected。3. 我们坐在背阴处，防止被晒到。We sat in the shade,the sun.【答案】shelteringfrom【解析】考查固定短语和非谓语动词。结合句意表示“防止”可知短语为shelter from,此处应用非谓 语动词形式，与逻辑主语we构成主动关系，故用现在分词作状语。故填sheltering from。4. The secretary always acts as if she(be)the real boss of the
3、 company.【答案】were【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：这个秘书总是表现得好像她是这个公司真正的老板似的。asif引导的虚拟 方式状语从句，表示与现在的事实相反，要使用一般过去时，在虚拟中表与现在事实相反be动词一般都用 were, 故填 were。5. What left the town in(ruin)?【答案】ruins【解析】考查短语。句意：是什么把这个小镇变成了废墟。短语in ruins意为破败不堪，沦为废墟，结合句 意，故填ruins。6. She(trap)in the burning house.【答案】wastrapped【解析】考查动词时态及语态。句意：她被困在了着
4、火的建筑中。短语be trapped in意为“被困于”，符合句 意、,且发生在过去，使用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was trapped。1LD【解析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：我在她旁边停下来，摇下车窗，迅速把它放在她手里。A.sadly悲 伤地；B.carefully 小心地；C. simply 简单地；D.quickly 快速地。根据下文 “before the car behind meme to drive on.可知，作者本来就在一条很长的车队里，大家都等的不耐烦，所以作者动作要迅速，不 然就要被后面的车催促。应选D项。12.C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意:她微笑着对我说“谢谢”
5、。A.retumed返回;B.asked问；C.smiled 微笑；D.came来。根据空后“said Thank you”可知，在那么多司机都视而不见后，终于作者出 现了，对她伸出援助之手，她的内心应该是很感激的，故而露出微笑。应选C项。13.B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后我后面的车迫使我继续前行。A.advised建议；B.forced强迫； C.encouraged 鼓励； D. caused.导致。 根据上文 “I found myself in the middle of a longline of cars waiting to pull out of it.以及本句句意可
6、知，作者在一条很长的车队里，大家都等的不耐烦，所以一旦作者 停的时间过长，后面的车就会催，作者就不得不往前开。应选B项。14. A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我开车走了，希望我能帮她一点忙。A.hoped希望；B.imagined想 象；C.knew知道；D.found发现。根据空后“had helped her even a little”可知，作者虽然只给了那女 人一点钱，但作者还是希望能给她带去帮助的。应选A项。6 B【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我小小的善举对她有意义吗？我不知道。A.true真的；B.meaningful 有意义的；Cfamiliar熟悉的；D.polite礼
7、貌的。此处是作者的自问自答，那个女人丢了工作，还有孩 子要抚养，肯定需要的帮助不少，作者在想自己的这一小善举对她有没有意义，能不能帮上忙，但是 作者自己也不知道。应选B项。七、书面表达假定你是李华，最近获悉你的美国网友Peter家乡受到地震侵袭，损失沉重。请你用英语给Peter写一 封慰问信。信的内容包括：1 .得知情况及感受；2 .表达抚慰和鼓励；3 .打算提供的帮助。注意：1,词数80左右（开头和结尾已经写好，不计入总词数）；4 .可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。Dear Peter,Never give up hope and be strong! Longing for good new
8、s from you!Yourssincerely,Li Hua 【参考答案】Dear Peter,Im awfully sorry to hear that a horrible and severe earthquake unexpectedly hit your hometown and caused a great loss.I am writing to express my deepest sympathy for you.You must feel sorrowful now.However,life isnt so bad.As long as you remain optim
9、istic,you will get through this difficult period.As a strong-willed man,you will definitely gather all your courage to face and handle the mess that the earthquake brought about.If I can be of any help,please dont hesitate to let me know.If necessary,! will call on my classmates to make a donation t
10、o you to help you go through the difficultly.Never give up hope and be strong! Longing for good news from you!Yours sincerely,Li Hua【语篇解读】这是一篇提纲式作文，要求同学们给美国遭遇地震的好友写一封慰问信。文章主要包括 得知情况与感受，表达抚慰与鼓励，打算提供的帮助三个局部。一方面朋友刚受到地震的伤害，同学们要 注意语气与情感，另一方面在打算提供的帮助局部一定要写出具体的行动是什么不要泛泛而谈。在行文过程中，要注意长短句结合，防止句式单一。将平时积累的短语和优秀
11、的句型用到文章中来, 使文章更加出彩。【范文亮点】1.优秀词汇和短语：awfully非常地，糟糕地；As long as只要；hesitate犹豫；If necessary如果必要。2 .优秀句式和行文脉络：Im awfully sorry to hear that a horrible and severe earthquake unexpectedly hit your hometown and caused a great loss.I am writing to express my deepest sympathy for you.这里用了 Im awfully sorry to h
12、ear that和I am writing to交代了写信的原因和目的，引出正 文。2.文章运用However, As long as, and等词是行文更流畅，而且全文逻辑清晰，观点鲜明，最 后还说明自己愿意给予帮助并期待来信。7. Ever since he moved there,he(bury)in his research work.答案has been buried【解析】考查动词时态。句意：自从他搬到那里以后，他就埋头于他的研究工作。根据句意，空处应用短 语be buried in “埋头于，专心于，空处为谓语成分；由句中Ever since “自从”可知，谓语应用现在完成 时态
13、(have/has done)主语为第三人称单数he,该空应填has been buried。故填has been buried。8. The government has supplied plenty of food and clothes the local people since the earthquake occurred.【答案】to【解析】考查短语。句意：自从地震发生以来，政府已经给当地民众提供了大量的食物和衣物。短语supply sth to sb意为给某人提供某物。结合句意，故填to。9. Of the six people injured in the terrible
14、 accident,only two(survive)【答案】survived【解析】考查动词时态。句意：在那次可怕的事故中受伤的六人中，只有两个人幸存下来。根据语境，描 述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。故填survived。10. The(compete) is open to young people under the age of 18.【答案】competition【解析】考查名词。句意：这项比赛让18岁以下的青少年参加。设空处前有冠词，后有系动词，因此应填 入名词做主语，compete的名词形式为competition,故填competitiono二、重点语法精练：名词专题l.H
15、e is an expert at chemistry.We all call him a(chemistry).【答案】chemist【解析】考查名词。句意：他是一位化学专家。我们都叫他化学家。表示“化学家”应用名词chemist,不定 冠词提示用单数。故填chemist。2.1 looked back on my time in the UK with(satisfy).【答案】satisfaction【解析】考查名词。句意：回顾起在英国的时光，我感到很满足。根据句子结构可知，设空处应该填写名 词作宾语。根据括号中提示词，satisfy为动词，意为“使满意”，其名词为satisfactio
16、n,是不可数名词。 故填 satisfaction o3. She had views quite different from her(father).【答案】fathers【解析】考查名词所有格。句意：她和她父亲的观点有很大不同。分析句意可知，设空处要表示“她父亲 的观点”，应该用名词的所有格形式，完整表述为her fathers views。故填fathers。4.1 find that yoga improves my powers of(concentrate).【答案】concentration【解析】考查名词。句意：我发现瑜伽提高了我的注意力。根据句意和句中“。F可知，空格处应用
17、名词， 构成名词所有格结构，作improves的宾语，concentrate”意为“集中”，动词词性，对应的名词为 “concentration”，意为专心，专注”，为不可数名词。故填concentration。5. We will on English next week,and the results will be announced two weeks later.(examine)【答案】be examined; examination【解析】句意：下周，我们将会进行英语测试，测试结果两周之后宣布。第一个空作谓语，主语we和examine (测试，检查)之间是被动关系，且该句陈述的是
18、将来的事(next week),故第一空填be examined。第二 个空修饰名词results,表类别，故填名词examination做定语。6. Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics attracted a great many(participant)worldwide.【答案】participants【解析】考查名词复数。句意：2022年北京冬奥会吸引了世界各地众多的参与者。由a great many可知， 后面应加可数名词复数，所以应填participants,表“参与者。故填participants。7. (diverse) is beneficial to
19、environmental learning.【答案】Diversity【解析】考查名词。句意：多样性有利于环境学习。句中用名词作主语。名词diversity “多样性”，为不可 数名词，单词位于句首，首字母大写，故填Diversity。8. Britain had laws against(cruel)to animals but none to protect children.【答案】cruelty【解析】考查名词。句意：英国曾有反对虐待动物的法律，却没有一部保护儿童的法律。此处作介词against 的宾语应用名词cruelty,不可数。故填cruelty。9. Tm afraid ge
20、tting things changed will be a slow(process).【答案】process【解析】考查名词。句意：我恐怕，做出改变会是一个缓慢的过程。设空处应该填写名词作表语。根据句 意，process为名词，意为“过程”，前面有不定冠词a修饰，此处用单数形式。故填process。10. He considers himself a total(fail),for he hasnt achieved anything up to now.【答案】failure【解析】考查名词。句意：他认为自己是个彻头彻尾的失败者，因为到目前为止他仍一事无成。形容词total 后接名词形式
21、，此处作宾补，根据不定冠词a可知，用名词的单数形式。根据句意，故填failure。三、语法填空At3:42 a.m.on July 28,1976,the most deadly earthquake of the 20th century took place in Tangshan.More than400,000 people died or were 1 (injure).People were greatly2(shock).However,another big quake3(shake)Tangshan again later that afternoon with more b
22、uildings failing down and water,food and electricity hard4(get).People began to wonder how long the disaster would last.Shortly after the earthquake,soldiers were sent there to dig out those5(trap)survivors and to bury the dead.Doctors and nurses provided medical services.Workers built6(shelter)for
23、those7homes had been destroyed.Slowly the city began to8(breath)and stand up again.【语篇解读】本文是说明文。介绍了唐山大地震。1. injured【解析】考查形容词。were是系动词，接形容词作表语，injured“受伤的”，符合题意，故填injured。2. shocked【解析】考查形容词。句意：人们非常震惊。修饰人，说明人的感受，用ed形式形容词，shocked “感到震惊的，故填shocked。3. shook【解析】考查动词时态。根据时间状语later that afternoon可知，用一般过去时，
24、故填shook。4. to get【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：水、食物和电力都很难得到。behardtodosth “做某事有困难”, 本句为形容词短语作补语。故填to getotrapped【解析】考查过去分词。分析句子可知，trap作定语,修饰survivors,两者之间是被动关系，用 过去分词作定语，故填trapped。shelters【解析】考查名词复数。Shelter “庇护所；遮蔽处”是可数名词，前面没有限定词，故用复数， 且结合语境也应该用复数，故填shelters。7 . whose【解析】考查定语从句。分析句子可知，2 homes had been destroyed是定语
25、从句，表示“家被毁坏 的那些人，those是先行词，从句中缺少定语，用关系代词whose,故填whose。8 .breathe【解析】考查不定式。begintodosth. “开始做某事”，to是不定式符号，接原形动词，故填breathe。 四、阅读理解On February 3,1931 the peace of New Zealands Hawkes Bay region was destroyed when the area was hit by the worst earthquake in New Zealands history.At 10:46 am on that summer
26、s day,the quake hit with a magnitude of7.9 on the Richter scale（里氏震级）.The centre of the quake lied some 15 to 20 kilometers north of the two main centers,Napier and Hastings.The quake lasted for two and a half minutes.Many people died in the earthquake.A fire broke out immediately after the quake.Th
27、e fire started in a chemists shop and spread quickly.Then the Fire Department in Napier came to help,but they were at a loss to control the fire as a result of losing their water supply.However,the water supply in Hastings,was still usable,allowing them to fight back against the fire.The force of th
28、e earthquake destroyed many of the citys famous landmarks（地标）.Chunks of the coastline were thrown into the sea.Napiefs Bluff Hill,a popular tourist spot,was completely destroyed and thrown into the waters below.Most of the major buildings in the city were completely destroyed.Roads and communication
29、s across the whole area were cut.People were afraid to enter their homes for days and found shelters at the local Motor Camp or on the beach.There were about 150 aftershocks（余震）in the24 hours after the main shock.Over the next 2 weeks,there would be 525 such aftershocks.1. The worst earthquake took
30、place in New Zealand.A.at night B.in the morning C.at noon D.in the afternoonThe firefighters in Napier failed to put out the fire probably because.A.there was no usable water B.they couldnt get close to itC.the flames spread too quickly D.The wind was very strong2. The last two paragraphs mainly te
31、ll us that.A.there were many places of interest in New Zealand B.the earthquake damaged the city seriouslyC.many famous landmarks were thrown into the sea D.people were afraid to enter their homes for sleep3. Whats the best title for this passage?A.The 1931 Hawkes Bay earthquake B.New Zealands two c
32、itiesC.The great fire after the great earthquake D.The citys famous landmarks【语篇解读】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍的是新西兰的霍克斯湾在1931年所发生的一次严重的地 震。这次地震造成了财产的大量的损失以及人员的伤亡，海岸线被破坏了，旅游景点也破坏了、城市以及 道路都遭到严重损失，给人们生活带来极大不便。1. B【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段中的第二句Atl0:46 a.m. on that summersdayjhe quake hit with a magnitude of7.9 on the Richter s
33、cale （里氏震级）（夏季的一天上午10:46,发生了 7.9级地震）可知， 在新西兰那次最严重的地震是在上午发生的。应选B。2. A【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段第三句中的 out they were at a loss to control the fire as a result of losing their water supply （但是由于没有水供应，他们无法控制火势）可知，N叩ier的消防员们无法将火扑 灭主要是因为他们没有水。应选A。3. B【解析】主旨大意题。根据最后两段 Chunks of the coastline were thrown into the sea.N
34、apiers Bluff Hill,a popular tourist spot,was completely destroyed and thrown into the waters below.Most of the major buildings in the city were completely destroyed.Roads and communications across the whole area were cut.People were afraid to enter their homes for days and found shelters at the loca
35、l Motor Camp or on the beach.（大块大块 的海岸线被抛入大海。纳皮尔的断崖山，一个很受欢迎的旅游景点，被完全摧毁了，并被扔进了下面 的水里整个地区的道路和通讯都被切断。几天来，人们不敢进入自己的家，只能在当地的汽车营 地或海滩上寻找避难所）可判断出，这两段主要介绍的是这次地震对这个城市所造成的严重破坏。海 岸线被破坏了，旅游景点也破坏了、城市以及道路都遭到严重损失，给人们生活带来极大不便。由此 可知，地震对城市破坏严重。应选B。4. A【解析】主旨大意题。根据文章内容可判断出，本文主要介绍的是新西兰的霍克斯湾在1931年所发生 的一次严重的地震，以及给这座城市所带来
36、的损害。A项能表达了本文的核心，适合用作本文的标 题。应选A。五、七选五Would you know what to do if a fire started in your home?Take the time now to review the following safety tips,and your family will be prepared in time of a fire in your home:1An escape plan can help every member of a family get out of aborning house.The idea is t
37、o get outside quickly and safely.2So it is important to learn and remember the different ways out of your home.Stay lowIf you can see smoke in the house,stay low to the ground as you make your way to the exit.3You will breathe less smoke if you stay to the ground.Smoke naturally rises,so if there is
38、 smoke while you are using your escape route,staying low means you can crawl （爬）under most of it.What if you cant get out right away?If you cant get out fast because fire or smoke is stopping an escape route,you will want to yell for help.You can do this from an open window or call911 if you have a
39、phone with you.4Then,firefighters will have a hard time finding you.The sooner they find you,the sooner you both can get out.If your clothes catch fire,what should you do?Your clothes could catch fire during a fire or by accident if you step too close to a candle.If this happens,dont run!Instead,sto
40、p,drop to the ground,cover your face with your hands,and roll.This will cut off the air and put out the flames.5A.An easy way to remember this is:Stop,Drop,and Roll!B.Smoke from a fire can make it hard to see where things are.C.Preventing fires is in the first place!D.Know your way outE.They will he
41、lp prepare you for what you need to do in case of a fire.F.Even if you are scared,never hide under the bed or in a closet.G.In a fire,smoke and poisonous（有毒的）air hurt more people,than the actual flames（火焰）do.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述的是在家里发生火灾时应做好哪些准备。LD【解析】此空是一个小标题，根据下文小标题，可知应该用短小精悍的祈使句，在B/D中选择。再根 据下文提示“一
42、个逃生计划可以帮助每个家庭成员从着火的房子里出来。”由此推知，D项Know your way out （知道你的逃生出路）切题。应选D。2.B【解析】下文提示“所以了解和记住走出家门的不同方式是很重要的。”承接下文，B项Smoke from a fire can make it hard to see where things are.（火冒出来的烟会使人很难看清东西在哪里。）切题。应选 Bo.G【解析】上文提示“如果你能看到房子里有烟，在你往出口走的时候，离地面低一点。”承接上文，G In a fire,smoke and poisonous （有毒的）air hurt more peopl
43、e,than the actual flames （火焰）do.（在火灾中，烟雾和有毒的空气比火焰更伤人。）切题。前后是一种因果关系，应选G。3 . F【解析】根据下文提示“那么，消防员将很难找到你。”承接下文，F项Even if you are scared,never hide under the bed or in a closet.（即使你害怕，也不要躲在床底下或壁橱里。）切题。应选F。4 .A【解析】上文提示“如果发生这种情况，不要跑！相反，停下来，倒在地上，用手捂住脸，然后滚。这 将切断空气，扑灭火焰 J 承接上文，A 项 An easy way to remember this
44、is:Stop,Drop,and Roll!（记住 这一点的一个简单方法是：停止、下降和滚动！）切题。应选A。六、完形填空I had suddenly run out of oil paints just when I needed them.So I made a long 1 to the only store around here that sells them.lt was the2time to shop.The store was full of people and the checkout line was long.I could see the3faces of ton
45、the face of the people around me.It was no better in the4and I found myself in the middle of a longline of cars waiting to pull out of it.As my car was moving forward,I5a middle-aged,thin black woman in an old coat.She was holding up a piece of paper that said, 6C6my job.Kids to feedlIVas car after
46、car drove past her while their drivers turned their eyes away.8I came closer,! took outmy9and pulled out the little cash I had leftJlOnext to her,rolled down （摇下）my window,and l Lput it in her hand.She 12and said “Thank you“ before the car behind me 13me to drive on.I drove away and 14that I had hel
47、ped her even a little.Was my small act of kindness 15to her?I dont know.Did it change the attitude of the driver behind me?Probably not.But it has been a wonderful experience for me.1. A. walk B. wait C. time D. drive2. A. proper B. worst C. happiest D. fixed3. A. sadness B. doubt C. impatience D. s
48、urprise4. A. market B. street C. parking lot D. bus stop5. A. saw B. hit C. blocked D. recognized6. A. Changed B. Lost C. Did D. Finished7. A. rested B. organized C. watched D. showed8. A. As B. Until C. Since D. Because9. A. book B. card C. coat D. walletA. stopped B. sat C. ran D. stood10. A. sadly B. carefully C. simply D. quicklyA. returned B. asked C. smiled D. came11. A. advised B. forced C. encouraged D. causedA. hoped B. imagined C. knew D. found12. A. true B. meaningful C. familiar D. polite【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文,讲述了作者在购物回家