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1、人教2019新版必修二 Unit4一、词汇短语精练：用所给词的适当形式或根据句子含义用适当词组填空。1.1 t is only the(achieve)of these goals that will finally bring lasting peace.【答案】achievement【解析】考查名词。句意：只有实现这些目标，才能最终带来持久的和平。根据上文定冠词the可知应填 名词achievement,作主语，表示“成就”。故填achievement。2. His footprints were clearly(evidence)in the heavy dust.【答案】evident
2、【解析】考查形容词。句意：他的脚印在厚厚的尘土上清晰可见。were是系动词，接形容词作表语，evidence“证据”是名词,形容词形式是evident “清楚的”,故填evident。3. There are lots of(cemetery)outside the country.【答案】cemeteries【解析】考查名词。在这个国家外面有很多的公墓。lots of修饰复数名词。故填cemeteries。4. They climbed upward along the steep cliffs(sun*ound)the village.【答案】surrounding【解析】考查非谓语动词。
3、句意：他们沿着村庄周围的陡峭悬崖往上爬。分析句子可知，surround作定语， 修饰cliffs,且cliffs与surround是主动关系，用现在分词作定语，故填surroundingoConfucius is a great(philosophy)and educator in our country.【答案】philosopher【解析】考查名词。句意：孔子是我们国家一位伟大的哲学家和教育家。根据上文agreat可知应填单数名 词philosopher,表示“哲学家”作表语。故填philosopher。5. A must is a visit to the(fascinate) Moto
4、r Museum【答案】fascinating【解析】考查形容词。句意：必去游览的地方是迷人的汽车博物馆。形容词修饰名词。故填fascinating。6. When(chief)of other tribes(部落)heard about this,they were all moved【答案】chiefs【解析】考查名词。句意：其他部落的首领得知这件事后都非常感动。分析句子可知，when引导时间状语 从句，空格处是主语，用名词形式，由主句中they可知，用复数，故填chiefs。7. His letter poses a number of(puzzle)questions.10. A. a
5、llowing B. pushing C. persuading D. leadingA. bright B. blank C. red D. pale11. A. open-mouthed B. empty-handed C. tongue-tied D. broken-heartedA. home B. service C. risk D. root12. A. trade B. incident C. challenge D. deedA. it B. me C. us D. them【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。作者长在美国，已熟悉英语，但身为中国人，因为没有学习汉语而导 致了去中国城买
6、鱼的尴尬，这让作者明白了一个道理：“笑话”反映的是一种文化的缺失，我们不应该让文 化丧失。1 .D【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我三岁时，父母把有汉字的卡片放在我面前，但是我把它们推开 了。A.custom 习俗；B.games 游戏；C. language 语言；D. characters 汉字。根据上文 “I spoke English,not Chinese.the language of my ancestors”可知，作者不会汉语，故推知父母给他展示的是汉字，应选D。2 . B【解析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：我三岁时，父母把有汉字的卡片放在我面前，但是我把它们推开 了。A.ahea
7、d 之前；B.around 周围；C.along 沿着；D.aside 一边。根据下文的 “Still cant speak Chinese?” 可知，作者不愿意学汉语，用短语push around推开符合语境。应选B。3 . A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：一个平安夜，舅舅对我说中文，但我只能盯着舅舅，挠着自己的 头，困惑不已。A.stare凝视；B.joke开玩笑；C.nod点头；D.aim目的在于。根据下文的“at him,confused,scratching my head可知，作者听不懂只能盯着舅舅看，stareat “凝视”。应选A。4 .C【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：他嘲
8、笑着说还不会说中文？你连在唐人街买条鱼都不行JA.cared about 关心；B.argued with 争辩；C.laughed at 嘲笑;D.asked after 询问。根据下文 “ You cant even buy a fish in Chinatown.”可知，此句话含嘲笑意味。应选C。5 .B【解析】考查固定短语辨析。句意：”嘿，这是美国，不是中国。不管有没有中文，我都会买到鱼，我 立刻就去买。我回答，并转头去征得妈妈的同意。A.from now从现在开始；B.right now立刻；C.at times时不时；D.intime按时。由本句中“Illgetsome with
9、or without Chinese.”及联系下段可知，作 者想证明给叔叔看，所以立刻就去唐人街买鱼。应选B。6. D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我重复了这句话，立刻跑下楼来到唐人街的街道上。A.walking散 步；B.flying 飞翔；C.jumping 跳跃；D.running 奔跑。根据后文 “downstairs into the streets of Chinatown immediately可知作者急于证明自己，所以立即跑下楼买鱼。应选D。7.B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我发现鱼市周围挤满了顾客。A.farm农场；B.market市场；C.pond 池塘；D.stan
10、d小摊。上文提到作者去唐人街买鱼，可推知，他应该是到了卖鱼市场。应选B。8. A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：但他无视我说的英语，转而去给另一个顾客服务。A.ignored忽视； B.forgot 遗忘；C.doubted 疑惑；D.guessed 猜想。根据后文 “my English words and turned to serve the next customer”可知，这个卖鱼人没有在意作者说的话，即无视，不理睬。应选A。9.B【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：每过一秒，我背上龙的气息就变得更强烈我被激怒了，强迫自己 大声喊出：“请给我鲜生鱼！ A.bigger更大的；B.str
11、onger更强壮的；C.lower更低的；D.slower更 慢的。根据后文“mybloodboiling”可知作者因为卖鱼人的态度变得愤怒，所以是背上龙的气息就变 得更强烈，应选B。10.B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：每过一秒，我背上龙的气息就变得更强烈我被激怒了，强迫自己 大声喊出：“请给我鲜生鱼！ A.allowing允许；B.pushing）逼迫；C.persuading劝说；D.leading带 领。由本句中“my blood boiling”可知，作者被激怒了，因此强迫自己大声喊出要买的东西。应选B。11. C【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我红着脸跑回了家，除了 口袋里我握
12、得紧紧的20美元外，手 里什么都没有。A.bright明亮的；B.blank黑的；Cred红的；D.pale苍白的。根据上文的“Thecrowd erupted into laughter”可推知，作者在周围人的嘲笑下羞愧的脸红了。应选C。12. B【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：句意：我红着脸跑回了家，除了 口袋里我握得紧紧的20美元 外，手里什么都没有。A.open-mouthed张着嘴的；B.empty-handed空着手的；C.tongue-tied结结巴巴 的;D.broken-hearted.心碎的。根据下文 except for the$20 bill I held tight
13、ly in my pocket.v 可知作者很 尴尬，赶紧回了家，并没有买到鱼，两手空空。应选B。13. A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我觉得在家里不懂中文也没关系。A.home家；B.service服务； C.risk危险；D.root根系。根据下文“Insteadwas the joke”司知，是指在家里可以不会说汉语。故 选AoB【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：有时，我常常笑话自己的买鱼事件，但最终，玩笑是开在我自己 身上。A.trade 贸易；B.incident 事件；C.challenge 挑战；D.deed 行为。结合上文 “laugh at my fish” 可知，此处指作
14、者经常自己笑话自己买鱼这件事。应选B。14. B【解析】考查代词词义辨析，句意：有时，我常常笑话自己的买鱼事件，但最终，玩笑是开在我自己 身上。A.it它；B.me我；C.us我们；D.them他们。结合上文内容可知，这个笑话是发生在作者身上 的，即“我应选B。七、书面表达假定你是李华，你校近期将要举办一次主题为“The Importance of History，的英语征文比赛。请你写一篇英语短文进行投稿，内容包括：1 .历史可以促进国家的开展：2 .历史有助于个人的学习成长：3 .历史能为我们提供珍贵的经验。注意：1 .写作词数应为80左右：2 .请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。【参考
15、答案】There is no doubt that history plays an important role in our modem life.Both countries and individuals can benefit from history.For countries,the history of one country shows its development process,which can help it make right decisions in the future and develop in the right direction.For indiv
16、iduals,we can learn from the past experience so that we can improve ourselves over time. Moreover,when we have some confusion in life,we can also turn to historical works or historical figures that will teach us something useful.History is a mirror that can help us get good experience and avoid maki
17、ng the same mistakes.Therefore,we should learn from history.【语篇解读】本篇书面表达属于开放性作文。要求考生对于学校举办的主题为“The Importance of History的英语征文比赛，写一篇英语短文进行投稿。【范文详解】1.词汇积累错误： mistakesf errors止匕夕卜：Moreover-* what*s more困惑，困扰：confusionbewilderment提高，改善：improvef enhance2 ,句式拓展简单句变复合句原句:There is no doubt that history play
18、s an important role in our modern life.Both countries and individuals can benefit from history拓展句：There is no doubt that history plays an important role in our modern life so that both countries and individuals can benefit from history.【,点睛】【高分句型 1 For countries,the history of one country shows its
19、development process.which can help it make right decisions in the future and develop in the right direction.（运用 T which 引导的非限制性定 语从句）【高分句型 21Moreover,when we have some confusion in life,we can also turn to historical works or historical figures that will teach us something useful.（运用 了 when 引导的时间状语从
20、句。）【答案】puzzling【解析】考查形容词。句意：他的信提出了很多困惑的问题。形容词修饰名词。表示感到，指物用-ing,故 填 puzzling o9. The immune system(免疫系统)is our main(defend)against disease.【答案】defence【解析】考查名词。句意：免疫系统是我们对抗疾病的主要防御系统。形容词后用名词。defend是动词, 故填 defenceo10.1 have to find a convenient(locate)for the shelves.【答案】location【解析】考查名词。句意：我得找个方便的地方放书架
21、。分析句子成分可知，此处作宾语，根据其前的不 定冠词a可知，此处应用单数可数名词，故填location。二、重点语法精练：被动语态n reality,however,60%of clothing nowadays(abandon)within a year of purchase.【答案】is abandoned【解析】考查一般现在时的被动语态。句意：事实上，如今6%的衣物在购买一年之后就被遗弃了，产生了 大量的垃圾，对此全球的垃圾填满厂都在努力处理。分析句子可知，本句缺少谓语，abandon与主语clothing 为动宾关系，故用被动语态，clothing为不可数名词，陈述的是客观事实，故用
22、一般现在时，谓语动词是单 数，故填 is abandoned oA 19-meter sperm whale (rescue)from the shores of Xiangshan county in Ningbo,Zhejiang province,on April 20.【答案】 was rescued【解析】考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：4月20日，一条19米长的抹香鲸在浙江省宁波市象山县海岸 获救。根据句中时间状语on April 20可知，用一般过去时。主语A 19-meter sperm whale与rescue之间为被 动关系，所以用被动语态，且主语是第三人称单数，谓语动词用单
23、数。故填was rescued。2. Tt is reported that a space station(build)on the moon in years to come.【答案】will be built【解析】考查动词。句意：据报道，接下来的几年里，一个空间站将被建在月球上。分析句子可知，that引 导的是一个主语从句，a space station是从句主语，因此build要做谓语，station-与build,之间是被动关系， build应用被动语态。再结合后文的in years to come可知，空处时态应为一般将来时，故综上所述，build 应填一般将来时的被动语态结构，
24、即will be built.故填will be builtoThe painting which(exhibit)at the museum at present is so extraordinary that it puts all the others in the shade.答案is being exhibited【解析】考查时态和语态。句意：目前正在博物馆展出的这幅画非同寻常，使所有其他画相形见细。分析 句子结构可知，设空处缺少定语从句的谓语局部，根据atpresent可知，时态为现在进行时，动词exhibit与 主语painting之间是动宾关系，所以应用现在进行时的被动语态，
25、定语从句的主语which代指the painting, 为单数。故填 is being exhibitedoLast Sunday,my classmates and I came to the nearby library to read books,but only to be told that it (decorate).【答案】 was being decorated【解析】考查谓语动词。句意：上周日，我和同学们去附近的图书馆看书，结果被告知那个图书馆正在装 修中。由时间状语Last Sunday可知，句子表达的是过去发生的事件，此处为宾语从句的谓语局部，宾语从 句的主语it指代上文
26、的the nearby library,与decorate之间是被动关系，并且此处表示过去一段时间内正在 进行的动作，因此使用过去进行时的被动语态，主语是it,be动词用was。故填was being decorated.。3. So far more than one generation of schoolchildren(amaze)by Franklins bravery and scientific approach to looking for truth.【答案】has been amazed【解析】考查动词语态。句意：到目前为止，已经有不止一代的小学生被富兰克林的勇气和用科学的
27、方法 寻找真理所震惊。主语与谓语构成被动关系，结合上文so far可知，为现在完成时的被动语态，主语为more than one generation of schoolchildren, 助动词用 has, 故填 has been amazedoBy the 11th century,compasses(use)by Chinese to navigate their ships at sea.【答案】had been used【解析】考查时态。句意：到11世纪为止，指南针已经被中国人用来在海上航行。由by+具体时间“表示 截止到时间”，句子时态用完成时态，结合the 11thcentury
28、为过去时间，可知此处为过去完成时。compasses 和use为被动关系，用过去完成时的被动语态had been done。故填had been usedoShe insisted that she(send)to work in the west.【答案】(should) be sent【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：她坚持认为她应该被派往西方工作。insist表示坚持认为时，后面宾语从句 用虚拟语气，即should+动词原形，should可以省略。分析句子可知，she和send是被动关系，应用被动语 态。故填(should) be sentoThe stories that happened
29、in the earthquake-stricken area are well worth(report).【答案】reporting【解析】考查非谓语。句意：发生在地震灾区的故事很值得报道。设空处位于worth后，be worth doing sth. 为固定结构，意为“值得做某事”，结合给定的词report可知，设空处应填reporting。故填reporting。4. Our teacher made us close our eyes in the game.(将主动语态变为被动语态)【答案】 We were made to close our eyes in the game.【解
30、析】考查被动语态。上句为一般过去时的主动语态，句意为“我们的老师让我们在游戏中闭上眼睛”。 上句的主语是our teacher,谓语动词made,宾语为us。改为被动语态时，上句的宾语us成为下句的主语， us居主语位置需用主格形式we,它与动词make二者被动关系，此时要用被动语态，其基本结构为“受动 者+be+过去分词+ (by+施动者)+其他”。主语为复数代词we,系词用were； make sb.do sth.让某人做某 事，固定短语，在被动结构中需恢复省略的不定式符号to；根据句意结构，可知答案为：We were made to close our eyes in the game.
31、三、语法填空Studying British history can help you understand 1 the United Kingdom,Great Britain.Britain,England mean.In the 16th century.Wales was joined to the Kingdom of England.In the 18th century,Scotland was joined2(create)the Kingdom of Great Britain.In the 19th century: the Kingdom of Ireland was a
32、dded to create the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.However,the southern part of Ireland broke away3the UK,4resulted in the full name we have today:the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.Although the four countries work together in some areas,they still have some5(differ
33、ent).The United Kingdom has a long and interesting history to explore,6can help you understand much more about the country and7(it)traditions.No matter where you go in the UK,you will8(surround)by evidence that four different groups of people who took over at different times throughout history.Study
34、ing the history of the country will make your visit much more9(enjoy).The UK is a fascinating mix of history and modern culture,with both new and old IQ(tradition).【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了英国的历史。L what【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：学习英国的历史可以帮助你理解联合王国，大不列颠，不列颠和英 格兰意思是什么。空处引导一个宾语从句，引导词在从句中作mean的宾语，表示“意味着什么，指物， 应用what引导，故填
35、whatoto create【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：在18世纪，苏格兰加入到了创立大不列颠王国的行列。此处 表示目的，应使用不定式作目的状语，故填to create。2. from【解析】考查介词。句意：然而，爱尔兰南部脱离英国，这就导致我们今天拥有的全称：大不列颠 及北爱尔兰联合王国。break away from是固定短语，意为“脱离”，故填from。3. which【解析】考查定语从句。空处引导一个非限制性定语从句，先行词是空前整句内容，关系词在从句 中作主语，应使用which引导，故填whichodifferences【解析】考查名词复数。句意：尽管这四个国家在一些地区一起合作，
36、它们仍然有一些差异。 根据空前的形容词some可知，空处应填一个名词，difference是可数名词，根据some可知应使用复数 形式，故填 differences.4. which【解析】考查定语从句。句意：英国有着悠久和有趣的历史可以探索，这可以帮助你更多地理解这 个国家和它的传统。空处引导一个非限制性定语从句，先行词是history,关系词在从句中作主语，应使 用which引导，故填whichoits【解析】考查代词。根据空后的名词traditions可知，空处应填形容词性物主代词，故填its。5. besurrounded【解析】考查被动语态。句意:无论你在英国那个地方，你都会被四个不
37、同群体的人的证据 所包围，这些人在整个历史的不同时期接管这个地方。动词surround和主语you之间是被动关系，应使 用被动语态，will后接动词原形，故填be surroundedoenjoyable【解析】考查形容词。句意:学习这个国家的历史会让你的参观愉快的多。此处是“make+宾语 +宾语补足语”结构，此处应使用形容词作宾语补足语，enjoyable意为“愉快的，故填enjoyable。6. traditions【解析】考查名词复数。句意：英国是历史和现代文化的迷人融合，有着新的和古老的传统。 tradition是可数名词，前面无不定冠词修饰，此处应使用复数形式，故填traditio
38、ns。四、阅读理解Hidden in the mountains of Jordan is the beautiful ancient city of Petra.lt lay in ruins for more than a thousandyears,Petra was built in312 BC by the Nabataeans who were an ancient southern Arab people.They were very skilled at carving（刻）.It is no wonder that this ancient city has so much
39、to offer!In 363 AD,the city suffered from terrible earthquakes that left most of the city damaged.The buildings and the citys water system were affected.A Swiss explorer,Johann Ludwig Burckhardt,discovered this city of wonders in1812.Until he discovered Petra,it had been unheard of in the Western wo
40、rld for about 5 centuries!Petra is the Greek word for stone and this name makes perfect sense because of where the city is located and how some of it is carved into the rock.The ancient city of Petra is also known as the “Rose City.This is because the rock in which the city is built is a rosered col
41、our.Many of the buildings of Petra have beautiful facades（面）.Some of the facades have columns（柱）carved into the rock,but they are for decoration and they dont actually hold anything up.Petra was built in the middle of the desert,where it hardly ever rained.Luckily,the Nabataeans were very skilled en
42、gineers and knew how to live in a hot and dry place.First,they carved channels（渠）to bring water from a nearby spring into the city.Rainwater was also collected in underground channels.The water was then stored.So,even in the long dry months there was enough water for people to use.Today,Petra is one
43、 of the worlds most famous ancient sites and people come from all over the world to visit it. 1. What do we know about Petra?A.It was built on high was a history of five centuries.C.It was destroyed by was first visited by westerners in 363.2. Why was the city named “Petra?A.Some of it looked rosere
44、d.B.Some of it was filled with roses.C.Some of it was home to animals.D.Some of it was built into the rock.3. What is the purpose of the columns?A.To beautify the buildings.B.To support the buildings.C.To function as gates.D.To serve as tools.4. Which word can best describe the Nabataeans?A.Honest.B
45、.Creative.C.Hardworking.D.Well-educated.【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了美丽的佩特拉古城，介绍了这座城市的历史、被毁坏 的原因以及城内的一些建筑。今天，佩特拉是世界上最著名的古代遗址之一，人们从世界各地来到这里参 观。1. C【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段中 In363AD,the city suffered from terrible earthquakes that left most of the city damaged.可知在公元363年，这座城市遭受了可怕的地震，城市的大局部都被破坏了。由此 可知，这座古城被地震毁了。应选C。2.
46、D【解析】细节理解题。根据第四段中 Petra is the Greek word for stone and this name makes perfect sense because of where the city is located and how some of it is carved into the rock.可知佩特拉在希腊语中是 “石头”的意思，这个名字很合情理，这是因为这个城市所处的位置和它的一局部被嵌在岩石里。由此可知，这个城市叫“Petra”因为城市有些局部是嵌在岩石里的。应选D。3. A【解析】细节理解题。根据第四段中 Some of the facades h
47、ave columns （柱）carved into the rock,but they are for decoration and they don*t actually hold anything up.可知有些正面有雕刻在岩石上的圆柱，但它们 是用来装饰的，实际上并不能支撑任何东西。由此可知，这些柱子没有实际作用，只是装饰而已。故 选AoB【解析】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段 Petra was built in the middle of the desert,where it hardly ever rained.Luckily,the Nabataeans were very sk
48、illed engineers and knew how to live in a hot and dry place.First,they carved channels （to bring water from a nearby spring into the city.Rainwater was also collected in underground channels.The water was then stored.So,even in the long dry months there was enough water for people to use.可知佩特拉建在沙漠中央
49、，那里几乎从不下雨。幸运的是，Nabataeans 是非常熟练的工程师，知道如何在炎热干燥的地方生活。首先，他们雕刻沟渠，将附近的泉水引入城 市。雨水也通过地下渠道收集。然后这些水被储存起来。所以，即使是在漫长的干旱月份里，也有足 够的水供人们使用。由此可知，Nabataeans在沙漠上建起了佩特拉城，并用很智慧的方式解决了沙漠 的缺水问题。说明Nabataeans很有创造性。应选B。五、七选五Perhaps you have heard the expression “When in Rome,do as the Romans do. So when you want to do business in France,you