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1、 口 口 D-f 1 nglishfor Technical Communication占专业信息交流英语教程 Chanter 2 订Job ApplicationCompetition in the job market is becoming progressively intense. It is not easy to get the job you desire in such an increasingly competitive job market. When applying for a job, you should know how to write a resume a
2、nd a letter of application, how to prepare for an interview and what to do after an interview. These are the necessary steps of how to secure your desired job.I. ResumesA resume is a concisely worded, brief introduction of your qualifications. It contains information about you that a prospective emp
3、loyer would likely find useful in determining whether you should be interviewed. While you would like to think that employers will spend hours analyzing your resume, most spend less than a minute scanning a resume to determine if the applicant is worth further consideration. To pass this initial scr
4、eening, your resume must be immediately effective. Below are tips on how to make a resume that will get you noticed and give you the best chance of securing an interview.口 L Elements of a ResumeThe information elements included in a resume are not fixed. They can generally be categorized into essent
5、ial elements and optional elements, which are listed in the following figures:Figure 20-1 Essential Elements of a ResumeNameUse your full, formal name. Do not use a nickname.Address and telephone numberIf you are still a student when you apply for a job, two addresses may be supplied: A temporary on
6、e on campus (with date until which it is valid) A more permanent one (either your parents house or your new lodgings) 口 O O77 nglish for Technical Communication 乙专业信息交流英语教程Sincerely,Jean LewisEnclosed: Resume口 2. Guidelines for a Letter of ApplicationAlthough a well-prepared letter of application an
7、d resume might not necessarily ensure that you are invited to an interview, a poorly written letter will most likely result in your not being called for an interview. The following general guidelines will help you prepare an effective letter of application. Be specific with addressees. A letter of a
8、pplication should be addressed to a specific person一 not Dear Personnel Officer”. If you are not sure whether a woman is Mrs. or Miss, use Ms. Avoid a generic letter of application. Unlike the resume, which provides your general information, the contents of a letter of application should be customiz
9、ed to fit the specific position in the specific organization you are applying for.避免通用的求职信。不像表现你一般信息的简历，应根据你申请的特定机构的特定 职位来确定求职信的内容。 Make your letter of application brief. Remember the entire letter should be written on no more than one page. You should concentrate on explaining why you think you are
10、 qualified for the job and what you can do for the employer. Ensure that there are no technical errors in the letter. Even small mistakes in spelling, grammar, or punctuation, or writing the name of the company incorrectly will reflect badly on you. Personnel managers and people on hiring committees
11、 are looking for individuals with certain skills, and accuracy is one of them. Type or print your letter of application. An application cannot be handwritten, as it will make employers doubt your professional qualifications 业务能力.InterviewsAn interview is a formal meeting in person arranged by the em
12、ployer for the assessment of the qualifications of an applicant. Interviews usually include a brief period during which the interviewer talks about the job and the company, followed by a series of questions from the interviewer, and then followed by a period for the interviewee to ask any questions.
13、Attending an interview is challenging, and you should pay attention to three aspects. Firstly, HO 2 J J J J j Other Technical Communication Tasks 077 nglish for Technical Communiccition 占专业信息交流英语教程you should dress formally, as it is respectful to the interviewer. Secondly, you should behave properly
14、, with good manners and confidence. Thirdly and most importantly, you should communicate effectively to fully demonstrate your competence.H 1- Your AppearanceMost corporations value a neat and professional approach to work and attire. 大部分的公司重视 对工作和服装持整洁和职业的态度。Casual clothes, such as jeans, sweaters,
15、 spike heels or sneakers高跟鞋或运动鞋, are not suitable for an interview because the interviewer may think that you do not attach much importance to the job or show your due respect to the corporation. The following lists provide tips on how to look your best for an interview.Womens Interview AttireSolid
16、colored, conservative suit: navy, gray, or dark maroon conservative suits 海军蓝、灰色或深褐色保守型套装. Coordinated blouse 协调的女衬衫:a long-sleeved, high-necked blouse in a complimentary solid color 长袖、高领、表示恭敬的纯色衬衫一white or cream, or a pastel color; not red or fuchsia.白色、奶油色或柔和色，不要红色或紫红色。 Skirt: covering the knee w
17、hen you are seated during the interview. Modest shoes: medium-heel leather pumps (no open toes or backs). 中跟轻便皮鞋(不露脚趾或脚后跟)。 Limited jewelry: simple earrings, not dangling; a pin or a necklace; a watch; no more than one ring per hand; no more than one bracelet.适度的首饰：不带坠的简便耳环；一个 胸针或项链；一个手表；每只手上指环不多于一个
18、；手镯不多于一个。 Professional hairstyle: neat and usually short-not teased, not bouffant, not bleached.职业发型：整洁，通常为短发；不要为使头发显得蓬松隆起而逆梳，不要鼓胀，不要漂染使变成淡色。 Tan or light hosiery: always wear stockings or pantyhose, even in the summer. 棕色或浅色袜子：总是穿长袜或连裤袜，即使是在夏天。 Minimal make-up and perfume: only simple and soft make
19、up; no fragrance-no perfume, no cologne, no strong-smelling deodorant-because what smells lovely to you might smell awful to the interviewer.少用化妆品和香水：只画简妆或淡妆，不用香水、古龙水或任何气味强烈的除 臭剂。 Manicured nails: light or clear polish.修剪的指甲：使用浅色或透明指甲油。 Portfolio or briefcase.文件夹或公文包。Mens Interview AttireSolid color
20、ed, conservative suit: a navy blue suit.纯色保守型套装 Coordinated shirt: a white shirt with a spread collar and long sleeves, laundered anddjdzlj Other Technical Communication Tasks 口 口 077 nglish for Technical Communiccition 占专业信息交流英语教程ironed.洗熨干净的白色长袖翻领衬衫。 Conservative tie: the tip of the tie should com
21、e to the top or center of the belt buckle. The back of the tie should go through the label so that the ends stay together.保守型领带：领带尖端达皮带扣，领带末端 不要露出来。 Decent belt: no signs of wear, weight gain, or weight loss.体面的腰带：不要现出磨损、体重加重或减 轻的带扣痕迹。 Dark socks: lightweight navy or black over-the-calf socks,蓝色或黑色高
22、过脚踝的轻便袜子。 Professional shoes: well-shined and recently heeled,擦亮的和鞋跟不显磨损的。 Very limited jewelry: no more than one ring on each hand, and no other jewelry-no tie tack 领带夹，no bracelet, no necklace 少带饰物. Professional hairstyle: neat and trimmed above the ears. No fragranceno aftershave 须后水，no perfume,
23、no cologne, no strong-smelling deodorant-because what smells lovely to you might smell awful to the interviewer. Neatly trimmed nails: cut short, filed and clean. Portfolio or briefcase.口 2. Verbal Communication语言交流The interview is mainly conducted by asking and answering questions. Although most in
24、terviewers consider your educational background and achievements, extracurricular activities, and communication skills, the interview is generally focused on the answers to three questions： 尽管 多数面试者注重教育背景、个人造诣、课外活动和交流技巧，面试一般集中在对如下三个 问题的回答： Can you do the job?你是否胜任该工作？ Are you willing to do the job?你
25、是否乐于做该工作？ Are you compatible with the company?你是否适合该公司？These questions may be asked in various ways, and you should take advantage of them 使这 些问答对你有利.Figure 20-7 lists the questions commonly asked in a job interview and their possible answers.Figure 20-7 Interview Questions and Possible Answers101 1
26、 djdzlj Other Technical Communication TasksQuestionsPossible AnswersWhat is important to you in a job?Mention specific rewards other than income, for example: challenge, the feeling of accomplishment, and knowing that you have made a contribution. 口 O O77 nglish for Technical Communication 乙专业信息交流英语
27、教程Why do you want to work for this organization?Cite the reputation of the organization, the opportunities it offers, and the working conditions.Stress that you want to work for this organization, not just any organization.Why should we employ you?Point out your academic preparation, job skills, and
28、 enthusiasm about working for the firm.Mention your performance 成绩 in school or previous employment as evidence of your ability to learn and to become productive quickly.If the job involves management responsibilities, refer to past activities as proof of your ability to get along with others and to
29、 work as part of a team.If we hire you, how long will you stay with us?Answer by saying along these lines: As long as my position here allows me to learn and to advance at a pace with my abilities.只要这里的职位能够使我以自己能力的 速度得到学习和发展。What are your greatest strengths ?Respond in a way similar to one of the fo
30、llowing: I can see what needs to be done and do it. Im willing to make decisions. I work well with others. I can organize my time efficiently.What is your greatest weakness?Identify one or two, such as the following: I tend to drive myself too hard.我倾向于驱使自己过分努力。 I expect others to perform beyond the
31、ir capacities.我希望他人超能力工作。 I like to see ajob done quickly, and Pm critical if it isnt.我喜欢看到快速完成工 作，对于做不到的我会给予批评。Note these weaknesses could also be regarded as desirable qualities. The trick with this question is to describe a weakness so that it could also be considered a virtue. 这些弱 点也可以看成是可取的性格。该
32、问题的诀窍在于以这样的方式描述自己的缺 点，使它也可以被看作优点。What didn tyou like about previous jobs you ve held?Discuss the things you didnt like, but avoid making slighting reference to any of your former employers.Are there any weaknesses in your education or experience?Check your weaknesses before the interview. Practice d
33、iscussing them in a positive light.从积极的方面谈论你的弱点。YoiTH find that they are less important when discussed along with all the positive things you have to offer.What are your salaty expectations?If you are asked this at the outset, its best to say, “Why dont we discuss salary after you decide whether Im
34、right for the job?If the interviewer asks this after showing real interest in you, you may tell frankly.If you need a clue about what to ask for, say, Can you discuss your salary range薪酬 幅度with me?101 1 djdzlj Other Technical Communication Tasks o on What type of position are you interested in?Job t
35、itles and responsibilities vary from firm to firm. So state your skills instead, such as Im good at number work 计算”, and the positions that require these skills, such as accountant or cashier”.会计或出纳工作Tell me something about yourself.Say youll be happy to talk about yourself, and ask what the intervi
36、ewer wants to know. If this point is clarified, respond. If not, tell why you feel your skills will contribute to the job and the organization. This question gives you a great opportunity to sell yourself.Do you have any questions about the organization or the job?Employers like a candidate who is i
37、nterested in the organization. So this is a perfect time to convey your interest and enthusiasm.Source: Adapted from Kekenet (2008). Questions and answers for a foreign company interview. Online.Available: http: .shtml口 3. Nonverbal CommunicationNonverbal communication is often neglected during an i
38、nterview. However, it is often just as important as verbal communication. You should appear competent, confident, natural, and polite. These are some nonverbal communication techniques that can help in an interview: Eye Contact: Eye contact means looking directly into somebodys eyes. If you look awa
39、y while listening, it can indicate a lack of interest and a short attention span. If you fail to maintain eye contact while speaking, it can indicate a lack of confidence in what you are saying and can even send the nonverbal cue that you might be lying. Some interviewees might maintain eye contact
40、while listening, but lack eye contact when speaking. Try your best to keep continuous eye contact throughout the interview. Facial Expressions: Eliminate any negative facial expressions, such as nervousness, coldness, disinterest, or arrogance. Wear a true and natural smile that tells the interviewe
41、r that you are a happy person and delighted to have the interview. You do not have to smile for the whole interview, but remember to keep coming back to it.你不必整个面试者B不 停地微笑，但是记住耍不断地保持微笑Moreover, always demonstrate your interest and attentiveness while listening. Posture: Good posture signifies confid
42、ence. When standing, stand up straight. When you are seated, make sure you sit toward the front of the chair, leaning slightly forward, moving within an overall range of no more than 10 degrees back or 20 degrees forward, intent on the subject at hand.专注于当前的话题. Behavior: Behave in a polite and forma
43、l way. Greet the interviewer by name, shake hands firmly, allow the interviewer to signal the end of the interview, and thank the-Par UULLL QQO o on interviewer for his or her time. Do not smoke or chew gum, even if the interviewer does.Do not even smoke on the way to the interview, because the odor
44、 can be objectionable. Do not use artificial gestures to try to heighten the importance of the issue at hand. It will merely seem theatrical.那仅仅会变成做作的样子。When you do use gestures, ensure they are natural and meaningful. Space: Recognize the boundaries of your personal space and that of others. The ge
45、neral principle is not to stand too close to others. Be prepared, however, not to back up or move away from someone who has a personal space that is smaller than your own. Be patient, take a deep breath, and stand your ground. If you have a smaller-than-average personal space, ensure you keep your d
46、istance so that you do not intimidate someone who possesses a larger personal space.1VFollow-up MeasuresYou should write follow-up letters in the following three cases in the process of ajob application: (1) after an interview; (2) when you have had no answer to your letter of application after two
47、weeks; (3) when a company refuses you ajob.口 L After an InterviewYou should follow up your interview with a letter immediately, usually on the same day. Such a letter draws favorable attention to yourself as someone who understands business courtesy. Sending the letter late could reflect badly on yo
48、u, or worse, your prospective employer could forget about you. Tn the follow-up letter, you may express your appreciation for the interview, draw attention to any of your qualifications that seemed to be important to the interviewer, and mention anything that you suspect was left unsaid during the interview 填补你在面试中可能留下的漏洞. Your letter should resemble the following figure:Figure 20-8 Interview Follow-up LetterDear Ms. White,Thank you so much for speaking with me yesterday abo