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1、2021-2022学年下学期初中英语人教新版八年级期中必刷常考题之动词一.选择题(共15小题)1.I had troublethe problem.()C. worked out2.His fatherwith his glasses on.(A. used to readingB used for readingC. is used to readingD. is used to readB work outB work outA. to walk outD. working out3.-Yes, you-Mom, could I go shopping with you?.But you
2、must finish your homework first.()4.A. could(2021 泰州)B. canC. cantD. couldntWe should pay much attention to saving natural resources.Otherwise, they willone day.(A. put outA. put outB run outC. get outD. sell out5.5.(2021南通)The community worker is patient enoughto the old how to use HealthCode (码).(
3、)6.6.A. explainB explainsC. to explainD. explaining(2021长春)myself, I will take up a hobby like painting this summer.()A. ImproveB ImprovingC. To improveD. Improved7.(2021鄂州)-What did the teacher say just now?-He told usin the river.()A. swimA. swimB - swimmingC. not to swimD. not swim8.8.(2021 重庆)Th
4、e villagers plana new bridge over the river.A. buildB. buildingC. to buildD. built9.(2021 春鄱善县期末)His brother likes to jokes. We all like him.()A. sayA. sayB. tellC speakD. talk10. (2020吉林)Lisa plans a new picture next week.()三、既可接不定式也可接动名词,但含义完全不同的8个动词1. remember to do sth.记住要做某事(未做)remember doing s
5、th.记得做过某事(已做)2.2.forget to do sth.忘记去做某事(未做)3.4.forget doing sth.regret to do sth.regret doing sth.忘记做过某事(已做)遗憾要做某事(未做)后悔/抱歉做过某事(已做)try to do sth.努力做某事try doing sth.尝试做某事try doing sth.尝试做某事5.5.mean to do sth. 计划做某事6.6.mean doing sth. 意味着做某事cant help to do sth.不能帮助做某事cant help doing sth.情不自禁做某事7.7.go
6、 on to do sth.继续做另一件事go on doing sth.go on doing sth.继续做同一件事8.8.stop to do sth.停下来去做另一件事stop doing sth.停下正在做的事情四、接不定式作宾补的35个常用动词四、接不定式作宾补的35个常用动词1. advise sb. to do sth.建议某人做某事2. allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事3. ask sb. to do sth. 请(叫)某人做某事4. bear sb. to do sth.忍耐某人做某事5. beg sb. to do sth.恳求某人做某事6. ca
7、use sb. to do sth.导致某人做某事7. command sb. to do sth.命令某人做某事8. drive sb.to do sth.驱使某人做某事9. elect sb.to do sth.选举某人做某事10. encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓舞某人做某事11. expect sb. to do sth.期望某人做某事12. forbid sb.to do sth.禁止某人做某事五、1.2.3.4.5.13.14.15.16.17.18.19.20.21.22.23.24.25.26.27.28.29.30.31.32.33.34.35.force
8、 sb. to do sth.强迫某人做某事get sb. to do sth.使(要)某人做某事hate sb. to do sth.讨厌/厌恶某人做某事help sb.intend sb.invite sb.leave sb.like sb.mean sb.need sb.order sb.(to) do sth.帮助某人做某事to do sth.打算要某人做某事to do sth.to do sth.to do sth.to do sth.to do sth.to do sth.邀请某人做某事留下某人做某事喜欢某人做某事计划要某人做某事需求某人做某事命令某人做某事permit sb.to
9、 do sth.允许某人做某事persuade sb. to do sth.说服某人做某事prefer sb.to do sth.宁愿某人做某事request sb.remind sb.teach sb.to do sth.to do sth.to do sth.要求某人做某事提醒某人做某事教某人做某事tell sb. to do sth.告诉/让某人做某事train sb. to do sth.训练某人做某事trouble sb. to do sth.麻烦某人做某事want sb. to do sth.想要某人做某事warn sb. to do sth.警告某人做某事wish sb. to
10、do sth.希望某人做某事可接动词原形做宾补的11个动词see sb. do sth.看到某人做了某事watch sb.notice sb.observe sb.look at sb.do sth.do sth.do sth.do sth.观看某人做了某事注意到某人做了某事观察到某人做了某事看着某人做了某事hear sb. do sth.听到某人做了某事6. listen to sb. do sth.听着某人做了某事make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事7. let sb. do sth. 让某人做某事have sb. do sth. 使某人做某事8. feel sb. do sth
11、.感觉某人做了某事2.不定式【概念】.不定式是一种非限定动词,通常由”to+动词原形”构成,如to be, to do, to combine, to expand, to get up等.这里的to是不定式的符号,没有词义,有时还可以省略.1 .动词不定式没有人称和数的变化.2 .不定式在句中不能单独用作谓语,但还保存着动词的假设干特征:可以带状语,及物动词 可以带宾语,系动词可以带表语.3 .不定式可以连同它的附属成分一起组成不定式短语.【不定式的用法】不定式(短语)在句中起相当于名词、形容词或副词的作用,可作主语、表语、宾语、定语、 状语和宾语补语.1.具有名词的性质用作主语,To li
12、ve is to function. That is all there is in living. (Holmes)活着就要发挥作用,这就是生活的全部真谛.用作表语.Her wish was to become a teacher.她的愿望是当个教师.用作宾语.The owner wanted to make a large purchase of gift before Christmas.老板想在圣诞节前做一大笔礼品生意.用作宾语补语.I wanted something to happen to me, but nothing happened. (L. Hughes)我希望在我身上会
13、发生些什么变化,可是什么都没发生.用作主语补语.This test is thought to have practical value.大家认为这个试验有实际价值.用作同位语.2、具有形容词的性质用作定语.Can you think up a good way to deal with the ever increasing prices ?你们能否想出一个对付日益上涨的物价的好方法?3、具有副词的性质用作状语.We use electrical energy to do many things.我们用电能做许多事情.4、用作插入语.To begin with, we must consid
14、er the problem in an all - round way.首先,我们必须全面地考虑这个问题.3 .动名词【概念】动词:动词是表示动作或状态的词.名词:名词是表示人或事物名称的词.它既可以表示具体的东西,也可以表示抽象的东西. 动名词:动名词是动词-ing形式的一种,是兼有动词和名词特征的非限定动词.它可以 支配宾语,也能被副词修饰.动名词有时态和语态的变化.英语中的动名词是由动词变化而 来的.概念点拨:A.动词特征:非谓语动词可以组成动名词短语,表达动词意义;B.名词特 征:非谓语动词可以像名词一样在句中作主语、宾语等;C.动名词由动词变化而来,但归 根结底它的词性是名词.【结
15、构】动名词的一般形式:doing.You can enjoy your time by playing football together.动名词的被动形式:being done.He is proud of being asked to teach his cousin.动名词的复合结构:物主代词/名词所有格+动名词.Im thinking about my coming math exam.【用法】动名词可以在句子中充当名词所能充当的多种句子成分,具体用法如下:动名词作主语:动名词可直接位于句首作主语;当动名词结构复杂且长时,可用it作形 式主语.Learning English all
16、by yourself is very difficult.全靠你自己学英语是很难的.动名词作宾语:某些动词和动词短语后出现非限定动词时,只能用动名词作宾语,而不能 用动词不定式.常见的此类动词有:mind, enjoy, finish, avoid, practice, stop, require, suggest, keep, consider, imagine, advise, allow, be worth, be used to, be busy, cant help, lead to, keep on, look forward to, feel like, pay attenti
17、on to 等等. 如: My parents enjoy talking about funny things.我的父母喜欢谈论有趣的事情.动名词作表语:动名词作表语时,表语与主语通常是对等关系,位置可以互换.如:His job is taking care of the little boy. (Taking care of the little boy is his job.) 他的工作就是照看好那个小男孩.动名词做定语:动名词作定语时通常表示被修饰词的某种用途.如:They chose a house with a swimming pool.他们选择了一处带游泳池的房子.【易混淆点】
18、名词与现在分词两者形式相同,都是动词的- ing形式并保存了动词的某些特征.作表语时,动名词与主语同指一件事,可与主语互换位置,而现在分词用以说明主语的性 质,不能互换位置.如:My favorite sport is running.(表语主语可互换位置)The new teacher is coming.(表语主语位置不可换)作定语时,动名词表示所修饰词的某种用途,而现在分词表示所修饰词的性质、状态或动 作.We can go to the meeting room.(房屋的用途是开会)You cant wake a sleeping man.(睡觉是人的状态)【解题方法点拨】注意动名词作
19、主语在特定结构中的一致性.动名词作主语,谓语动词用单数.牢记只接动名词作宾语的动词;介词(除but, except外)后面须接动名词作宾语;能 区分既可接动名词又可接不定式作宾语的动词.当表语说明主语内容时应用动名词.【中考命题方向】中考英语试题常考查动名词作主语、宾语和表语的一般式用法以及一些动名词的固定用 法.有些词后面加不定式和动名词均可,但意义截然不容,那几个词以及两种句型的不同之 处必须牢记在心,因为这是我们经常出错的地方.4 .动词词义辨析【概念】动词:动词是用来表示动作或状态的词.在句子中做谓语,说明主语“是什么“、“做什么”或 “怎么样”的词.通过动词的变化,可以知道动作发生的
20、时间、说话人的语气、态度.【考查内容】词形相近的动词间的辨析.如 remind/remember; rise/raise; hang/hung-彳列 1 : Sorry, Ive forgotten your name. Can you me?Pm Daniel.()A. remind B. receive C. respect D. remember分析:对不起,我忘了你的名字,你能提醒我一下吗?我是 Daniel.解答:答案:A.remind 提醒;receive 收到;respect 尊重;remember 记得.根据 Sorry, Ive forgotten your name. Ca
21、n you me? Im Daniel.可知,句意是对不起,我忘了你的名字,你能提醒我一下吗? ”根据下面的回答Im Daniel.可推测句意是“提醒一下”.应选A.点评:此题考查动词词义辨析.解答时注意根据句意以及所给选项的意思作答.词义相近的动词间的辨析.如 took/cost/paid/spent; borrow/lend; speak/say/talk.例 2: Wow, your sweater is very beautiful!Thank you. I bought it two days ago. It me $ 50.()A. tookA. tookB - costC. pa
22、id D. spent.分析:哇,你的毛衣很漂亮!谢谢.我两天前买的.它花费了我50美元.解答:答案:B.It takes sb some time to do sth.花费某人多长时间做某事.人+spend+时间/金钱+ (in) doing sth表示某人花费时间/金钱做某事.人+spend+时间/金钱+on+名词,表示某人在某物上花费 时间/金钱.sth costs sb+金钱,表示某物花了某人多少钱.人+pay+钱+for,表示为某物付钱.根 据题干I bought it two days ago. It me $ 50.可知这是某物花了某人多少钱,即sth costssb+金钱,应选
23、B.点评:了解每个选项的含义是做好词类题型的关键,还要从句意桌搜,根据句意作答,所以 平时的学习中要多积累词汇,才能很好的完成.意义不同,但容易混淆的动词的辨析.如End/find out; take/leave; explain/say-例 3: Can you a message? Yes. Please ask Tom to ring me back.()A. give B. take C. leave.分析:你能帮我带个口信吗?可以.请让汤姆给我回 .解答:答案:B.句意”你能帮我带个口信吗?可以.请让汤姆给我回 .“give给,take带,leave离开.take a message
24、带个口信,固定搭配,应选B.点评:动词是表示动作或者状态的词,要结合语境,注意时态、人称等的变化,掌握常用的 固定搭配.【解题方法点拨】分析词义,根据上下句意思进行选择.根据常用动词的用法进行筛选.根据动词的固定短语用法,进行筛选.分析句子时态,选择动词的正确形式作答.【中考命题方向】中考英语试题常考查动词的词义辨析、意义相近但容易混淆的动词、常用动词的习惯用法、 常用动词短语.这些是考查的重点.5.动词短语【概念】动词短语:动词短语就是有些动词可以和一些别的词构成短语(以动词为中心),表达一个概念,其作 用和一个单独动词差不多的一种固定搭配.在实际使用中,通常会把动词短语当成一个整体.【用法
25、】(1 )动词+副词:在动词+副词”的词组中宾语位置有两种情况:宾语如是名词,那么可置于副词后面,亦可置 于动词和副词之间.而如果宾语是代词,只能置于动词后面,即动词和副词之间.例:First put some salt into the water and then.()A. mix them up B. mix up them C. mix it up D. mix up it分析:首先放一些盐在水里,然后搅拌它们.解答:分析句子,结合选项,推测意思是首先放一些盐在水里,然后搅拌它们.这里salt 是不可数名词,用it指代,放在中间,应选C.(2)动词+副词+介词:在这类动词短语中,动词、
26、副词、介词紧密结合,是动副词组和动介词组的合成体,词义上 相当于一个及物动词.它兼有以上两类短语动词的特点,但宾语总是位于介词之后.彳列:She is planning her project. Lets help her some good ideas.()A. come out B. come up C. come up with D. catch up with分析:她正在计划她的工程,让我们帮助她想出一些好主意.解答:come out出来,出现,出版,come up发生,上来,come up with想出,catch up with 追上,赶上;结合句意”她正在计划她的工程,让我们帮助
27、她想出一些好主意.”可知,要用 是一般现在时,help后面跟动词原形,故答案为C.其它三个选项语意不通.(3)动词+名词:这类动词短语中的常见动词是have, take, give, make等,后面的名词通常是从动词转化而 来的动作名词,并表达了短语动词的真正意义.彳列: The old man, and he wants to see a doctor now.()A. has fever B. have a fever C. has a fever D. has fevers分析:这位老人发烧了,他现在想去看医生.解答:考查动词短语.have a fever是固定短语,意思是“发烧”;结
28、合句意”这位老人发烧, 他现在想去看医生.”可知,要用是一般现在时,主语是第三人称单数,谓语动词用第三人 称单数形式,故答案为C.(4) be+形容词+介词:be+形容词(包括过去分词作形容词)+介词相当于及物动词,宾语位于介词后面,形容词 是短语动词的真正词义.例:This pair of shoes hand.()A. is made with B. are made from C. are made of D. is made by分析:这双鞋是手工做的.解答:考查动词短语.A用.什么东西制造.B.由制造(看不出原材料).C.由制造 (看出原材料).D.由制造(由某人).结合语境”这双鞋
29、是手工做的.可知,由双手制造,用is made by.选D.【中考命题方向】中考英语试题常考查动词短语的用法,意义相近的动词短语、但容易混淆的短语、常用动词 短语.这些是考查的重点.6.动名词短语【概念】动名词短语:动名词短语(gerundial phrase),以动名词为中心,其句子功用相当于动名词的短语.动名 词短语是:doing+名词或代词构成的.【用法】两个或多个动名词短语并列作主语的时候谓语动词是单数还是复数形式?这要看表达的是 一件事还是两件以上,如果是一件事,谓语动词是单数,如果是两件事,谓语动词是复数形 式.如: Going to bed early and getting u
30、p early is a good habit.Watching TV and reading books are really interesting.做主语当表示现在进行动作或存在的状态时,就用动名词短语.例:the environment is important for human beings.()A. Take care ofB Taking care ofTook care ofC. take the care of 分析:保护环境对人类很重要.解答:根据该句为动词短语take care of在句中作主语,根据动词作主语用动名词形式, 故动词take应用动名词taking,故填入
31、Taking care of,应选B.点评:动名词的形式是动词+ing,动名词从它的名称上就知道它具有动词和名词的功能,因 此它在句中,可作主语、表语、宾语、定语.要结合语境选择合适用法,注意动名词变法. 作表语My favourite is swimming. 我的最爱是游泳.作宾语例:I suggest next week.()A. go mountain climbingB will go mountain climbingC. to go mountain climbinggoing mountain climbing分析:我建议下周去爬山.解答:根据空格前面的词语是suggest,意
32、思是“建议”后面要跟动名词,结合给出的四个选 项.因此可知这句话的意思是“我建议下周去爬山.”只有D项的第一个词是动名词,应选D. 点评:首先要掌握这个句子的意思,然后结合具体的题目,就可以确定正确答案.做宾语补主语例:Its too cold. Would you mind me the window?But don*t do it now.()to close; SureA. closing; Good ideaclosing; Better notB. closing; Of course not分析:-天冷了,你介意关上窗子吗?-不介意,但是现在不要关.解答:根据题意可知- -天冷了,
33、你介意关上窗子吗? - -不介意,但是现在不要 关.mind+doing,故排除A;根据But可知,前面应该是同意关了.根据句意应选D.点评:此题考查了固定句型的用法.抓住句中的关键词并联系相关的语法知识就可做出正确 答案.注意平时对此类句型用法的总结和归纳.A. drawB - to drawC. drawing(2021 春泸州期中)I hate the dishes, but I like to my bed.()A. making, makeB. to do, makingC. doing, makeD. do, make(2020 春铁东区期中)-Jenny is the diffi
34、cult math problem.-Fm sure shell.()A. working out; work it outB. working on; work it outC. working on; work it onD. working out; work it on(2021 春临泽县期中)Parents often their own children others,children.()A. compare;withB. compare; asC. compare; onD. compare;for(2019 秋普宁市期中)-Do you still remember this
35、 group of friends in 2013?-Yes. But I forgot where I them.()A. seeing; meetB. to see; metC. seeing; metD. seeing; meeting(2017 春东营期末)There _ a number of teachers in our school and the number of men teachers 168.()A. is, isB. is, areC. are, isD. are, are【中考命题方向】中考英语试题常考查一些动名词短语的固定用法,结合语境,选择合适的形式,注意平时
36、句 型用法的总结和归纳.这些是考查的重点.7. 一般过去时【概念】(1)时态时态是动词的一种形式,分为时间和状态.时间即过去、现在、未来.态有一般状态、进行 状态、完成状态、完成进行状态.它是表示行为、动作、状态在各种时间条件下的动词形式.(2) 一般过去时一般过去时表示过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态,过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为,过 去主语所具备的能力和性格.【结构】(1)主谓宾结构:主语+谓语(动词过去式)十句子其他成分.He did his homework yesterday.(2)主系表结构:主语+was/were+其它.She was a student ten years ag
37、o.There were many flowers 2 days ago.【用法】(1) 一般过去时,表示过去某个时间里发生的非持续性动作或存在的状态,也表示经常或 反复发生的动作.用动词的过去式表示,常和表示过去的时间状语连用,如:yesterday, last night, in+过去的年份,two days ago, before, the age of 等.He a book yesterday. It him 50 yuan.A. bought, paidB. spent, tookC. paid, spentD. bought, cost分析:昨天他买了一本书,它花了他50元.解答
38、:D.根据关键词yesterday可知,本句是一般过去时态,bought,买,是瞬间动词,表 示过去的动作;第二个空it做主语,代指a book,所以动词用cost.应选D.点评:此题考查动词的时态,解决此类问题是根据关键词和标志词来确定动词的形式,在不 同的语言环境中到达熟练掌握的目的.(2) 一般过去时也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作,常和。ften, always等表示频率的时间状语连用.表示过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为;过去主语所具备的能力和性格.Dad, did you ride a bike to school when you a boy? No, my family was p
39、oor, so Iusually to school on foot.()A. are, go B. were, go C. was, went D. were, went分析: 爸爸,当你是个小孩的时候你骑车去上学吗? 不,我家里穷,所以我经常走路上学.解答:D.结合句意是表达的过去的事情用一般过去时,主语you,故were,主语L故went, 故答案是D.点评:一般过去时,表示过去某个时间里发生的非持续性动作或存在的状态,也表示经常或 反复发生的动作.用动词的过去式表示,常和表示过去的时间状语连用,例如:yesterday, last night, in+过去的年份,two days ag
40、o, before, the age of, the day before yesterday .【易混淆点】一般过去时与现在完成时(1) 一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的事、存在的状态或经常发生的动作.说话的侧重 点只在于陈述一件过去的事情,不强调对“现在“产生的影响.如:(2)现在完成时表示动作发生在过去,对现在造成了影响或产生了结果.不与确定的过去 时间状语连用.如:How long?Let me see. We in 2008, that is, for 7 years.()have you been married, have marriedA. have you got marri
41、ed, got marrieddid you get married, marriedB. have you been married, got married分析:你们结婚多久了?让我想想.我们2008年结婚,也就是,七年了.解答:D.how long表示多久,根据句意可知get married动作发生在过去,持续了一段时间故用现在 完成时have/has+过去分词,主语you, get married是短暂性动词不能与how long连用,换 成be married表示状态,be的过去分词been,故How long have you been married?结合时间 状语in 2008
42、是过去的时间,故用一般过去时,get的过去式got,故答案是D.点评:动词按其动作发生的方式、发生过程的长短可分为延续性动词与短暂性动词.延续 性动词可以与以since, for, how long等引导的表示一段时间的状语连用.例如:He has lived here for 6 years. How long did you stay there last year?短暂性动词也称终止性动词、非延续性动词或瞬间动词,表示不能延续的动作,这种动作发 生后立即结束,如:open, die, close, begin, finish, come, go, join, borrow, lend,
43、buy, arrive, reach, start, marry, end 等.8 .主谓一致【概念】主谓一致:主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致,主谓一致必须遵循三原那么:语法一 致原那么,意义一致原那么,就近一致原那么.语法一致原那么:指主语是单数形式,谓语动词用单数形式;主语是复数形式,谓语也用复数形式.Tom is a good student.汤姆是个好学生.They often play football on the playground. 他们经常在操场上踢足球.意义一致:指主语形式上为单数,但意义为复数,因此谓语动词用复数形式;或主语形式上为复数,但 表示单数意义
44、,这是谓语动词用单数形式.My family are having lunch now.我们一家人现在正吃午饭.Twenty dollars is too expensive for the book. 这本书 20 美元太贵了.就近一致:指谓语动词用单数形式还是用复数形式,取决于最靠近他的主语.例:Not only the teacher but also his students like playing football.不仅老师喜欢踢足球,而且 他的学生也喜欢踢足球.There is a pen and some books on the desk.课桌上有一支钢笔和一些书.【用法】单
45、数名词(代词),不可数名词作主语时,谓语用单数形式,复数名词(代词)作主语, 谓语用复数形式.The desk is Toms.这张桌子是汤姆的.Some water is in the bottle.一些水在瓶子里.The students are playing football on the playground. 这些学生正在操场上踢足球.many a+单数名词作主语,意义虽为“许多”,但谓语要用单数形式.Many a student has been to Shanghai.许多学生到过上海.more than one+单数名词作主语,谓语用单数.More than one stud
46、ent has ever been to Beijing.不止一个学生曾经去过北京.表示时间,价格,重量,数目,长度,数学运算等的词或短语作主语时,这些通常作一个 整体概念,谓语用单数形式.Two months is a long holiday.两个月是一个长彳段.Twenty pounds isnt so heavy. 2 0 英镑并不太重.Ten miles isnt a long distance. 1 0英里并不是一段很长的距离.Five minus four is one. 5 减 4 等于 1.主语是each/every+单数名词+and (each/every) +单数名词时,谓语动词用单数.Each boy and each girl has got a seat.每个男孩和女孩都有一个座位.Every man and every woman is at work.每个男人和女人都在工作.one and a half+复数名词作主语,