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1、九年级英语必考语法一点通(人教版全一册)一、被动语态1、被动语态的结构(1) 一般现在时 is/am/are+done(2) 一般过去时 was/were+done(3)(3)般将来时will be+done(4)现在进行时is/am/are+being+done(5)过去进行时was/were+being+done(6)现在完成时have/has been+done2、被动语态的基本用法(1)动作的执行者是泛指或不言自明时。(2)在不知道动作的执行者时。(3)需要强调动作的承受者时。(4)在被动语态的句子中，如果我们需要指出动作的执行者，可以用by引出。3、被动语态使用时应注意的问题(1)没
2、有被动语态的情况：口不及物动词(rise, happen)。系动词(感官动词、seem/get/turn/become.)o局部词组(take place 举行；发生；break down 损坏；break out 爆发；come out出版；开花；come true实现；run out耗尽;用光等)。There be句型没有被动语态。(2)含有感官动词及使役性动词的被动语态。感官动词 see/hear/notice/watch sb. do sth.,使役动词 make/let/have sb. do sth.,这些词在被动语态中，动词原形要 还原成动词不定式。如：make sb. do s
3、th.sb. be made to do sth., see sb. do sth一sb. be seen to do sth.o of, shout at, laugh at, operate on, talk about, speak to。如:(3)动词短语中的介词或者副词在被动语态中要保o 如：take careThe elderly should be taken good care of.(4)双宾语结构在被动语态中，如果sth.做主语，要加适当的介词(for/to)o 如：My mum bought me a new watch一A new watch was bought fo
4、r me by my mum一I was bought a new watch by my mum.用 for 的动词：buy, cook, make, order;用 to 的动词：lend, hand, pass, give, offer, show, telL (5)主动表示被动。- sell/write/draw/clean等词和well/easily之类的词描述主语所具备的性质、特性时，用主动表被动，主语通常为物。如:The book sells well.这本书很畅销。口系动词(smell taste sound feek look),如:The soup tastes sour.
5、汤闻起来酸了。 need doing=need to be done (主语通常用物)如: The flowers need watering.花需要浇水了。(6)固定句型:Its said that据说”If s reported that.”据报道If s reported that.”据报道(7)不定式的被动语态：to do sth(7)不定式的被动语态：to do sth一to be doneo二、宾语从句宾语从句三要素:1、引导词(1) that+陈述句(that可以省略)。如:I think (that) you are great(2) if/whether (是否)+一般疑问句
6、。如:I dont know if there will be a bus any more.(3)特殊疑问词+特殊疑问句。如：Do you know who has won this game?2、时态(1)主句为一般现在时，从句要用所需的任何时态。如:I know there is a supermarket near here.(2)主句为一般过去时，从句用口 一般过去时。如：He said he did homework last night.过去进行时。如：He said he was sleeping then.过去将来时。如:He said he would go to the
7、park.过去完成时。如：He said he had finished his homework.口一般现在时(从句表达客观真理、自然现象等不随时间而变化的内容时)。如：The teacher said the earth goes around the sun.3、语序用陈述句语序。特别注意：一般疑问句或特殊疑问句要变成陈述句语序。如：I dont know whom you should depend on.三、过去完成时过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作。它表示的动作发生的时间是“过去的过去”。1、构成(1)肯定句 助动词had+动词过去分词(2)否认句had
8、 not/hadn，t+动词过去分词(3) 一般疑问句 助动词放在句首(4)特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词+had+主语+动词过去分词2、已完成用法表示某一动作或状态在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成。(1)宾语从句中：当宾语从句的主句为一般过去时,且从句的动作先于主句的动作 时，从句要用过去完成时。常用在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句中。如：She said that she had seen the Him before.(2)状语从句中：在时间、条件、原因、方式等状语从句中，主、从句的动作发生 有先后关系，动作在前的，要用过去完成时，动作在后的要
9、用一 般过去时。如：When I got to the station, the train had already left(3) by引导的时间状语：by+过去的时间点。 by the end of+过去的时间点。如：We had learned over two thousand English words by the end of last term.3、未完成用法表示一个动作或状态在过去某一时刻或动作之前就已开始,一直 持续到过去的某一时间，还可能再持续下去。如：John and Jane had known each other for a long time before their marriage.