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1、备注:本套试卷附有答案解析,答案解析字体为白色,预览无法观看，如需观看试题的答案解析，请下载试卷CTRL+A选中全部文字，然后将答案字体调整为黑色即可。【自考英语】2022年3月上海市嘉定区英语（一）模拟题（解析版）第1题【单项选择题】【阅读理解】Gyorgy Buzsaki of Rutgers University and his colleagues analyzed the brain waves of sleeping rats and mice. Specifically, they examined the electrical activity emanating from t
2、he somatosensory neocortex (an area that processes sensory information) and the hippocampus, which is a center for learning and memory. The scientists found that oscillations in brain waves from the two regions appear to be intertwined. So-called sleep spindles (bursts of activity from the neocortex
3、) were followed tens of milliseconds later by beats in the hippocampus known as ripples. The team posits that this interplay between the two brain regions is a key step in memory consolidation. A second study, also published online this week by the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, li
4、nks age-associated memory decline to high glucose levels. What is the result of the experiment with rats and mice carried out at Rutgers UniversityA、The electrical activity is emanating from the somatosensory neocortex.第16题【单项选择题】【阅读理解】I have learnt of a plan to build three hundred houses on the lan
5、d called Parsons Place by the football ground. Few people know about this new plan to increase the size of our town. For me, Parsons Place is special because it is a beautiful natural area where local people can relax - the small wood has many unusual trees and the stream is popular with fishermen a
6、nd bird-watchers. It/s very quiet because there are few houses or roads nearby. I think that losing this area will be terrible because we have no other similar facilities in the neighbourhood.Why is Parsons Place particularly important, in Alans opinionA、Because it is near the football ground.B、 Bec
7、ause lots of people live near it.C、 Because it is a place near the town where people can enjoy nature.D、Because local people can get there easily by car from the town.【正确答案】C第17题【单项选择题】Remember, nothing hurts concentration reading too slowly.A、rather thanB、as well asC、more thanD、instead of【正确答案】C第18
8、题【单项选择题】【概括大意】 Speed Reading courses teach students how to read more quickly. In such courses, teachers often ask students to find out how many words a minute he is reading. You can do this too: look at your watch every 5 or 10 minutes and write down the page number you have reached.The main idea of
9、 this paragraph is.A、Check Your Reading SpeedB、A Way to Increase Your Reading SpeedC、Check Your UnderstandingD Read Something Every Day【正确答案】A第19题【单项选择题】If I in your place, I wouldnt trouble him.A、wereB、had beenC、could beD was to be【正确答案】A第20题【单项选择题】【阅读理解】The other side of a state legal apparatus is
10、 a state military apparatus.While the one protects the individual from violence, the other sacrifices theindividual to violence in the interests of the state. In war the state affirms supreme power over the individuals within its own borders. War is not simply a trial by combat to settle disputes be
11、tween states; it is the moment when the state makes its most powerful demands upon its people for their commitment, allegiance, and supreme sacrifice. The word allegiance is closest in meaning to.A、loyaltyB、objectiveC、survivalD、motive【正确答案】A第21题【单项选择题】【阅读理解】I found in my baby/s behaviour a metaphor
12、for the new generation. My wife and I had given him some books to examine, but he merely spit upon them. When we read to him, he did not feel comfortable. And so it is in the schools. We find that our students dont read, that they look down upon reading and scold those of us who teach it. All they w
13、ant to do is watch TV. After this experience with the baby, however, I have reached a conclusion: let them watch it. If television is that much more attractive to children than books, why should we fight it? Let them watch it all they want!From the passage we know that the author isA、a doctor.B、 an
14、editor.C、 a writer.D、a teacher.【正确答案】D第22题【单项选择题】【填句补文】Gang Xiao and Ben Schrag at Brown University, visualize the current by measuring subtle （2田微的） changes in the magnetic field of an object and.A、to shrink it to the size of a desktop computerB、to make it capable of measuring very weak changes in
15、magnetic fieldsC、as well as revealing microscopic defects in anything from aircraft to banknotesD、converting the information into a color picture showing the density of current at each point【正确答案】D第23题【单项选择题】【阅读理解】Two thousand years ago the Chinese had already developed a working compass. A piece of
16、 lodestone （天然磁石） would be cut into the shape of a ladle（长柄勺）.Placed on a stone board with a smooth surface, the lodestone would move round until the handle of the ladle pointed south while the bulk （主体）of the ladle was attracted to magnetic north. This interestingly shaped device is mentioned in a
17、book from about 80. Other ancient books may have elated it as farback as the fourth century Jade （玉石）finders played an important role in the invention of the ladle. They travelled great distances to look for jade. In order not to lose directions, they would take a ladle with them.Which of the follow
18、ing about the ladle-shaped compass is true?A、The handle of the ladle pointed south.B、 The handle of the ladle pointed north.C、The bulk of the ladle was attracted to south.D、The bulk of the ladle remained unmoved on the board.【正确答案】A第24题【单项选择题】【填句补文】The black robin （旅鸦）is one of the worlds rarest bir
19、ds. It is a small, wild bird, and it lives only on the island of Little Mangere, off the coast of New Zealand. In 1967 there were about fifty black robins there; in 1977 there were fewer than ten.A、These are the only black robins Ie代 in the world.C、 Those that fail to meet the challenges will disapp
20、ear early.D、 Both represent orders in the classification of life.D、Detailed studies are going on, and a public appeal for money has been made.【正确答案】A第25题【单项选择题】2004.10 I have no doubt he will overcome all his difficulties.A、whichB、whatC、 thatD、if【正确答案】C第26题【单项选择题】【填句补文】He has also included symbols t
21、o show which ions are nutrients, and which are common in soil or water.A、There have been many attempts to redesign the periodic table since Dmitri Mendeleev drew it up in 1871.B、And the size of elements symbol reflects how much of it is found in the Earths crust.C、 Railsback has still ordered the el
22、ements according to the number of protons they have.D、 Raisback has listed some elements more than once.【正确答案】B第27题【单项选择题】【阅读判断】As a father, I believe that the death of a child in Africa is no less poignant or tragic than the death of a child anywhere else, and that it doesnt take much to make an im
23、mense difference in these childrens lives.To Bill Gates mind, there is a big difference between the death of the poors children and the death of the richs children.A、TrueB、FalseC、Not Given【正确答案】B第28题【单项选择题】概括大意It is not difficult to think of other messages we receive through the mass media. Every da
24、y we get hundreds of them. Think about advertisements, for example. We see and hear these messages almost everywhere we go. Advertisements are important messages, even though they are sometimes annoying. They help us compare and evaluate products. The main idea of this paragraph is.A、Importance of t
25、he Mass MediaB、Media Means to Communicate MessagesC、Advertisements as Important Messages from the Mass MediaD、Various Messages One May Receive Each Day【正确答案】C第29题【单项选择题】【阅读理解】In this world of change and complexity, the need for information is of greatest importance. Those people who have accurate, r
26、eliable up-to-date information to solve the day-to-day problems, the critical problems of their business, social and family life, will survive and succeed Knowledge is power may well be the truest saying and access to information may be the most critical requirement of all people.We can learn from t
27、he paragraph that.A、it is necessary to obtain as much knowledge as possibleB、people should make the best use of the information accessibleC、we should realize the importance of accumulating informationD、it is of vital importance to acquire needed information efficiently【正确答案】D第30题【单项选择题】【阅读理解】The wit
28、hdrawal of Nevadas Yucca Mountain as a potential nuclear waste repository has reopened the debate over how and where to dispose of spent nuclear fuel and high-level nuclear waste. In an article in the July 10 issue of Science, University of Michigan geologist Rodney Ewing and Princeton University nu
29、clear physicist Frank von Hippel argue that, although federal agencies should set standards and issue licenses for the approval of nuclear facilities, local communities and states should have the final approval on the siting of these facilities. The authors propose the development of multiple sites
30、that would service the regions where nuclear reactors are located. Which of the following words can best substitute the word “withdrawal in the first paragraphA、 Retirement.B、Canceling. C Replaced. D、Disposal. 【正确答案】B第31题【单项选择题】2007.4 Dont call me at the office its absolutely necessary.A exceptB、unl
31、essC、sinceD、if【正确答案】B第32题【单项选择题】I 阅读理解】Some people told me that it was too late. Some told me that I was too old. Others told me that I would never be able to pull it off. I had to work full time and take care of my son. But inside I was told something different.The underlined sentence “But inside I
32、 was told something different in the passage probably meansA、what others told her was not trueB、someone told her something differentC、the author would have a different life if she triedD、the author decided to return to school for a college degree【正确答案】D第33题【单项选择题】2007.10 We request that all cell pho
33、nes for the duration of the performance.A、be turned offB、should turn offC、ought to be turned offD、to be turned off【正确答案】A第34题【单项选择题】【填句补文】 More and more Americans are living alone. Some live alone because of divorce or the death of a partner. According to a recent U.S. census （人口普查）,25 percent of al
34、l households in the U.S. are made up of just one person.A、 It seems that many grown-ups today are realizing that childhood dream.B、He says, Z1 like being by myself.”C、 However, even more people are living alone because they have chosen to.D、 There/s more pressure to get married nowadays.【正确答案】C第35题【
35、单项选择题】【填句补文】The black robin （旅鸦）is one of the worlds rarest birds. It is a small, wild bird, and it lives only on the island of Little Mangere, off the coast of New Zealand. In 1967 there were about fifty black robins there; in 1977 there were fewer than ten.A、These are the only black robins Ie代 in
36、the world.B、 Those that fail to meet the challenges will disappear early.C、 Both represent orders in the classification of life.D、Detailed studies are going on, and a public appeal for money has been made.【正确答案】AB、 Oscillations in brain waves are from hippocampus.C、Somatosensory neocortex and hippoc
37、ampus work together in memory consolidation.D Somatosensory neocortex plays it primary role in memory consolidation.【正确答案】C第2题【单项选择题】【阅读理解】Redemption （拯救）is a practical necessity. How can value be restored to young lives distorted （扭曲） by acts of violence? The boys in Jonesboro and in Chicago will b
38、e confined in institutions for a relatively short time. Despite horror at what was done, children cannot bedealt with as adults, notif a people wants to consider itself civilized. Thats why politicians1 cries for adult treatment of youthful criminals ultimately miss the point.According to politician
39、s, when children commit crimes, they should be treated in the same way asA、murderers.B、criminals.C、victims.D、adults.【正确答案】D第3题【单项选择题】By the time the tour ends, the football team twenty matches in four countries.第36题【单项选择题】【阅读理解】Nobel Prize-winning author Toni Morrison deals specifically with the leg
40、acy of slavery in her book Beloved. The main character in this novel, a former slave called Sethe, lives in Ohio in the years following the Civil War, but she cannot free herself from her horrific memories. Through a series of flashbacks and bitter reminiscences, the reader learns how and why Sethe
41、escaped from the plantation she had lived on; the fate of her husband, who also tried to escape; and finally, what happened to the child called Beloved. Morrisons scenes of torture and murder are vivid and strongly convey the desperation of the slaves and the cruelty of their owners. Beloved is set.
42、A、on a slave shipB、on a plantation before the Civil WarC、in Ohio after the Civil WarD、in an African town【正确答案】C第37题【单项选择题】【填句补文】Gang Xiao and Ben Schrag at Brown University, visualize the current by measuring subtle （ZHI微的） changes in the magnetic field of an object and.A、to shrink it to the size of
43、 a desktop computerB、to make it capable of measuring very weak changes in magnetic fieldsC、as well as revealing microscopic defects in anything from aircraft to banknotesD converting the information into a color picture showing the density of current at each point 【正确答案】D第38题【单项选择题】【阅读理解】On the othe
44、r hand, on the moon there will be an attraction between the butter and the moon; but the butter will weigh only about one-sixth as much as it does on the earth. This is because the moon is so much smaller than the earth. The amount of gravitational pull that a body produces depends on the amount of
45、material in it. A packet of butter has a gravitational pull of its own; but this is very small in relation to the pull of something as large as the moon, or the earth, or the sun.We do not feel the gravitational pull of a packet of butter becauseA、 it is too small to have a gravitational pull of its
46、 own.B、 its pull is so small that we tend to ignore it.C、 its pull disappears in the presence of the earths gravitation.D it tends to melt and loses its gravitational pull.【正确答案】B第39题【单项选择题】【阅读理解】Besides, it is rather unreal to grade people just according to their intellectual ability. This is only
47、one aspect of their total personality. We are concerned to develop the abilities of all our pupils to the full, not just their academic ability. We also value personal qualities and social skills, and we find that mixed-ability teaching contributes to all these aspects of learning.The author argues
48、that a teachers chief concern should be the development of the students.A、personal qualities and social skillsB、total personalityC、learning ability and communicative skillsD intellectual ability【正确答案】B第40题【单项选择题】2005.10 The traditional view that men are superior women still exists in some remoteareas.A、 overB、toC、forD than【正确答案】B第41题【单项选择题】【填句补文】But Bali starlings are only found in a small area on the island of Bali in Indonesia. They live in the tall grasslands near the coast.Today there a