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1、名词性从句 一.定义：在主句中起名词作用的句子叫做名词性从句。二.引导词 1.从属连词+完整从句：that,whether,if that 的用法：that 在名词性从句中不做任何成分，也没有实际意义，只起连接作用。且在主语从句，表语从句和同位语从句中不可省略。有多个 that 引导的从句时，第一个 that 可省略，而其他的不可省略，常见于宾语从句。e.g.She thought（that）she was ill and that she decided not to go to school.whether/if 的区别(可引导的从句)定语从句：whether/if()状语从句：wheth
2、er（是否）if（如果）名词性从句：whether（是否）：主从，宾从，表从，同从（）动词+宾从、形容词+宾从（）if（是否）介词+宾从（）主语从句，表语从句，同位语从句（）2.连接代词+不完整从句：what,which,who,whom,whose,whoever,whomever,whichever,whatever 注：what 的含义 I dont know what it is.（）What matters me most is the beautiful scenery.（）I have no idea what kind of car you have.（）3.连接副词+完整从句
3、 when,where,why,how,whenever,wherever,however 注：when“何时”：I dont know when hell arrive.“的时候”：The morning is when I m the busiest.where “哪儿”：I know where he worked.“的地方”：Where he worked is not far from here.why“为什么”：Why he was killed isnt clear.“的原因”：I dont know why he didnt come.how“如何，怎样”：How he esc
4、aped still puzzled us.“的方式”：This is how they built the bridge.三.从句分类 1.主语从句 定义：在句子中作主语的从句 有时可以用 it 作形式主语，而把主语从句后置。e.g.It is certain that she will succeed.注：常见的 it 替代 that 引导的主语从句的句式如下：It+系动词+形容词+that 从句 e.g.It is likely that there will be a snowstorm tomorrow.It+be+名词+that 从句 e.g.It is no wonder tha
5、t you have achieved so much success.It+be+过去分词+that 从句 e.g.It is reported that the coral reefs are being destroyed.It+特殊动词+that 从句 e.g.It appears that we wont be laid off.看起来我们不会被解雇。It happened(to me)that I had been away when he called.碰巧当他来访时我不在。It matters that she came finally.要紧的是，她始终还是来了。2.宾语从句
6、定义：在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句。分类：动词/动词短语+从句 e.g.He told us(that)they would help us through the whole work.注：动词 find,feel,think,consider,make,believe 等后有宾语补足语时，常用 it 作形式宾语，而将从句后置。e.g.He hasnt made it known when he is going to get married.I feel it a pity that I havent been to the party.有些动词如 appreciate,hate,
7、take,owe,have,see to(务必要),like,love,dislike,enjoy 等后跟从句时要先在从句前加 it.e.g.Please see to it that the children go to bed by nine oclock.请务必使孩子们在 9 点以前上床睡觉。I hate it when they talk with their mouths full.我讨厌他们说话时满嘴食物。介词+从句 一般情况下介词后不跟 that,if 引导的从句，只跟 wh-类连接词引导的宾语从句 e.g.Kate was interested in what she had
8、seen at the exhibition.形容词+从句 sure,certain,glad,pleased,happy,afraid,surprised,satisfied,sorry 等表示情感的形容词后的从句常被视为宾从。e.g.Im not sure whether theyll agree with us.Im extremely sorry that I have troubled you so much.Im satisfied that they are telling the truth.宾语从句的时态问题 1.主句是一般现在时，从句为各种时态情况 2.主句是一般过去时，从
9、句为各种相应过去时态 3.从句描绘客观事实，用一般现在时 e.g.I dont believe that the man was killed by him.The reporter asked if the government would take necessary measures to put down the to-do.记者问政府是否会采取必要的措施镇压骚乱.The teacher said that the moon goes around the earth yesterday.老师昨天说月亮绕着地球转.3.表语从句 定义：在句中作表语的从句称为表语从句。e.g.This i
10、s what Im interested in.That was where we camped last time.除 be 以外，系动词 seem,look,appear,sound 等后也常出现 as if,as though,as like 引导的表语从句。e.g.It looks as if it is going to rain.主语是 reason 时，表语从句中的连接词要用 that,而不用 why 或because。e.g.The reason for your mistake is that you lack confidence in yourself.辨析：The re
11、ason（for+n./why+定语从句+is+that 从句（表原因）It/This/That is because+从句（表原因）It/This/That is why+从句（表结果）e.g.The reason why he was late was that he woke up late.This is because he woke up late.It is why he was late.4.同位语从句 定义：用以解释，说明某一名词的内容和实质的从句。e.g.The fact that some countries are still suffering from povert
12、y is really a big problem.有些国家仍然贫穷这一事实对整个世界来说是一个问题。适用的名词有：belief,fact,hope,idea,doubt,news,explanation,order,conclusion,suggestion,problem,answer,decision,information,thought,fear,opinion,promise 等。e.g.He kept his promise that he would always do anything he could for Lucy.I have no idea what has hap
13、pened to him.有时同位语从句不紧跟在它所说明的某个名词后，而是被别的词隔开，常用于固定搭配。The story goes that William Tell killed the king.(故事是这样的，据说，常言道)Word came that he was coming t pay a visit.(流传开来)The news got about that he had won a car.(消息传来)The rumor spread that a new school will be built here.(谣传)The thought came to him that m
14、aybe the enemy had fled the city.(某人突然想到)when 和 where 引导的同位语从句和定语从句的区别 This is the place where the accident happened.（从句是对 place 的限定，为定语从句）They put forward the question where they could get the money.(从句是对 question 的解释，为同位语从句)that 引导的定语从句和同位语从句的区别 定语从句：名词+that+不完整从句 同位语从句：名词+that+完整从句 The news that
15、we heard spread all over the city.We heard the news that he will come to our city.四.定语从句需注意的点 1.疑问词+ever 与 no matter+疑问词的区别 让步状语从句：疑问词+ever=no matter+疑问词 名词性从句：疑问词+ever（）no matter+疑问词（）e.g.Whoever breaks the rule must be punished.(名词性从句)Whatever you do,you must do it well.=No matter what you do,you must do it well.(让步状语从句)