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1、-名词性从句专题名词性从句专题一一.概念概念：主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句在复合句中的作用相当于名词，因此这四种从句被称为名词性从句。主语从句名词性从句共有四种:表语从句宾语从句同位语从句我们先看几个句子：是谁开始先出招没什么大不了是谁开始先出招没什么大不了Who takes the first stepWho takes the first stepis not a big deal.告诉我今天海是什么颜色告诉我今天海是什么颜色Tell me what color the sea is today what color the sea is today.告诉我今夜你想要梦什么告诉
2、我今夜你想要梦什么Tell me what you want to dream of tonightwhat you want to dream of tonight终于你会发现每个爱情都危险终于你会发现每个爱情都危险Finally youllfind out that every love is dangerous.that every love is dangerous.二二.知识点知识点1.主语从句主语从句：主语从句在整个句子中作主语。引导主语从句的连词有连词有 thatthat，whetherwhether，if if（是（是否）否）；连接代词 who，whatwhat，which；连
3、接副词 when，where，how，why 等。请注意 whatwhat，过去的高考中考的很多。(1)主语从句中的主语从句中的 thatthat 不充当句子的成分，只是单纯的连接词，通常不省略不充当句子的成分，只是单纯的连接词，通常不省略。分句置于句首分句置于句首时，时，thatthat 绝对不可以省略。绝对不可以省略。That the driver could not control his warThat the driver could not control his warwas obvious.It was obvious that the driver could not con
4、trol his carthat the driver could not control his car.（2）（参照必修参照必修 3P 923P 92）为了避免主语显得过长，可以用it 作为句子的主语，把主语从句移到句子的末尾。（英语中有一种美，叫做尾重end-weight）2.表语从句表语从句：表语从句出现在系动词后，充当表语。The trouble is that we are short of money.Go and get your coat.Its where you left it.引导表语从句除了上述三类词外还有because,as if/as though等等The re
5、ason(why/for which.)is that It/This/That is because连系动词“appear,look,seem”的两个常用句型-It seems/appears that.It looks/seems as if/as though(与事实相符用陈述语气，与事实相反用虚拟语气)3.宾语从句宾语从句：（that 可以省略）及物动词，形容词和介词后加宾语从句作其宾语。宾语从句时态与主句相呼应，但宾语从句表示的是客观真理或普遍现象除外The teacher told us(that)the earth moves around the sunI am afraid(
6、that)I have made a mistake.He will have to pay for what he has done.当宾语从句后带宾补时，要用“主语+谓语+it+宾补+that+从句,that 不可省略I think it certain that she will do well in her exam.that 在宾语从句常可以省略，但由and 或 but 连接两个或多个宾语从句时，仅可以省略第一个连词 thatHe said(that)he had eaten nothing and thathe wasnt hungry.注意区别 if 引导的宾语从句和条件状语从句
7、I dont know if he will come.（if 是否）If he comes,Ill let you know.（if 如果）4.同位语从句同位语从句：（that 不可省略）对前面的名词进一步说明。用在下列名词 fact,truth,news,idea,hope,belief,thought,doubt,order,suggestion,word etc.The teacher told us the fact that the earth moves around the sunThere is no doubt that he will come.There is doub
8、t whether he will come.His suggestion that we(should)go for an outing cheered us up.Word came that Napoleon would come to inspect them.that 引导的同位语从句与定语从句的区别：在同位语从句中：that 不作成分，不可以省略；在定语从句中：that 作成分，且作宾语时可以省略We are interested in the news that some foreigners would visit our school.同位语We are interested
9、 in the news(that/which)he told us.定语从句when,where 引导的同位语从句与定语从句的区别：在定语从句中，when,where 前有分别表示时间、地点的先行词；而在同位语从句中无此对应关系-They have no idea at all where he has gone.(同位语从句)Go and get your coat.Its in the place where you left it.(定语从句)三注意点：1.疑问词 whatever/whoever/however/whenever等既可以引导名词性从句，也可以引导让步状语从句，而 no
10、 matter+疑问词只能引导让步状语从句总体规律：whatever/whoever等词的使用范围比 no matter what/who等要广No matter what happens,he will not mind.()让步状语从句（用逗号隔开）=Whatever happens,he will not mind.()让步状语从句No matter what you say is very important.()Whatever you say is very important.()主语从句（名词性从句）I believe whatever he says.Whatever he
11、says,I will never believe him.2.who 与 whoever 的区别who 是“谁”的意思，表示具有疑问，whoever 相当于 anyone who“无论谁”Whoever leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.Can you tell me who that gentleman is?6当从句缺少主语、宾语或表语时，引导词通常用what。What impressed me most was her excellent performance.What we cant get seems better
12、 than what we have.What seems beneficial to us may be unfavorable for others.7.注意区分 it that结构引导主语从句还是强调句主语从句 it 指代句中 that 引导的内容（通常较长），去掉It is/was,that，句子不成立强调句句型：It is/was+被强调部分+that,去掉 It is/was,that，句子仍然成立。It is natural that they should have different views.主语从句It is known to all that the earth is
13、 round.主语从句It is only lately that he has had a family himself.强调句What was it that he wanted?I dont know what it was that he wanted.强调句It was in the hotel where he stayed that we discussed the serious problem 强调句-8.连词 whether 和 if 有时可以互换，但注意下列情况总体规律：whether 的使用范围比 if 要广（1）后面出现 or not 时，用 whetherI wan
14、t to know whether or not they will come.(2)连接词后直接加不定式，不能用if 只能用 whetherHe doesnt know whether to stay or not.(3)whether 可以防句首，而 if 不能Whether he will come,I am not sure.It is uncertain if he will leave for Beijing tomorrow.()（if 可引导主语从句）If he will leave forBeijingtomorrow is uncertain.()Whether he will leave forBeijingtomorrow is uncertain.()(4)表语从句中只能用 whetherThe doubt is whether he will come.(5)同位语中只能用 whetherThe question whether he is honest is not settled.(6)介宾从句中只能用 whether;动宾从句则 if 和 whether 都可用He was interested in whether he saw her there.I dont know if/whether he is at home.-