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1、名词性从句 名词性从句相当于名词，可分别作主句的主语、表语、宾语和同位语。因此，名词性从句厅分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位从句。（一）引导名词性从句的连接词 1、连接代词：who,whose,whom,what,which。有词义，在从句中担当成分，如主语、表语、宾语、或定语等。2、连接副词：when,where,why,how。有词义，在从句中担当成分，作状语。3、连接词：that,whether,if,as if。that 无词义，在从句中不担当成分，有时可省略；if(whether),as if 虽有词义，但在从句中不担当成分。留意：连接代词及连接副词在句中不再是疑问句，因此从句
2、中谓语不用疑问式。连接代词及连接副词在从句充当句子成分，连接词 whether 和if（是否），as if（好象）在从句中不充当句子成分，只起连接作用。依据句义，假如连接代词及连接副词，whether、if 和 as if 都用不上时，才用 that 作连接词（that 本身无任何含义）。（二）主语从句 1、主语从句在复合句作主语。e.g.Who will go is not important.2、用 it 作形式主语，主语从句放在句末。e.g.It doesnt matter so much whether you will come or not.3、that 引导主语从句时，不能省略。
3、e.g.That he suddenly fell ill last week made us surprised.（三）表语从句 1、表语从句在复合句中作表语，位于系动词之后。e.g.The question was who could go there.2、引导表语从句的连接词 that 有时可省去。e.g.My idea is(that)we can get more comrades to help in the work.（四）宾语从句 1、宾语从句在复合句中作宾语。引导宾语从句的连词 that 一般可省略。e.g.I hope(that)everything is all righ
4、t.2、介词之后的宾语从句，不行用 which 或 if 连接，要分别用 what或 whether。e.g.Im interested in whether youve finished the work.Im interested in what youve said.3、whether 及 if 都可以引导宾语从句，常可互换。但下面状况不能互换。宾语从句是否认句时，只用 if，不用 whether。e.g.I wonder if it doesnt rain.用 if 会引起误会，就要用 whether。e.g.Please let me know whether you want to
5、 go.（此句假如把whether改成 if，简单当成条件句理解）宾语从句中的 whether 及 or not 干脆连用，就不能换成 if；不干脆连用，可换。e.g.I dont know whether or not the report is true.I dont know whether/if the report is true or not.介词后的宾语从句要用 whether 引导。whether 可及不定式连用。whether也可引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句，还可引导让步状语从句，以上均不能换成 if。但引导条件从句时，只能用 if，而不能用whether。e.g.It
6、 depends on whether we have enough time.They dont know whether to go there.Please come to see me if you have time.（五）同位语从句 同位语从句在句中作某一名词的同位语，一般位于该名词（如：news,fact,idea,suggestion,promise 等）之后，说明该名词的具体内容。e.g.I have no idea when he will be back.The fact that he had not said anything surprised everybody.
7、练习：名词性从句 一、推断下列各句哪句含出名词性从句，并指出是什么从句：1.China is no longer what it used to be.2.The truth that the earth turn around the sun is known to all.3.It was snowing when he arrived at the station.4.How he persuaded the manager to change the plan is interesting to us all.5.The news that they had won the game
8、soon spread over the whole school.6.The news that you told me yesterday was really disappointing.7.That is where Lu Xun used to live.8.He spoke as if he understood what he was talking about.9.Do you remember the teacher who taught us English at middle school?10.I wonder why she refused my invitation
9、.二、用适当的连词填空：1.I cant decide _ dictionary I should buy.2.Thats _ he refused my invitation.3.I am very interested in _ he has improved his pronunciation in such a short time.4._ we need is more time.5.The fact _ she had not said anything at the meeting surprised everybody.6._ and _ they will meet has
10、not been decided yet.7.Please tell me _ you are waiting for.8.Is that _ you are looking for?9.Would you please tell me _ the nearest post office is?10.I dont know _ he will agree to the plan or not.三、选择填空：1.Do you see _ I mean?A.that B./C.how D.what 2.Tell me_ is on your mind.A.that B.what C.which D
11、.why 3.We must stick to _ we have agreed on.A.what B.that C./D.how 4.Let me see _.A.that can I repair the radio B.whether-I can repair the radio C.I can repair the radio D.whether can I repair the radio 5.Keep in mind _.A.that the teacher said B.what did the teacher say C.that did the teacher say D.
12、what the teacher said 6.Could you advise me _?A.which book should I read first B.what book should I read first C.that book 1 should read first D.which book I should read first 7.He was criticized for _.A.he had done it B.what he had done C.what had he done D.that he had done it 8.Would you kindly te
13、ll me _?A.how can I get to the Beijing Railway Station B.how I can get to the Beijing Railway Station C.where can I get to the Beijing Railway Station D.whether can I get to the Beijing Railway Station 9.Mrs.Smith was very much impressed by _.A.what had she seen in China B.that she had seen in China
14、 C.what she had seen in China D.which had she seen in China 10.We took it for granted _ A.that they were not coming B.that were they not coming C.they were coming not D.were they not coining 11.I really dont know _ A.I should do next B.what should I do next C.what I should do next D.how I should do
15、next 12.Im afraid _.A.the little girl will have to be operated on B.that will the little girl have to operate on C.the little girl will have to operate on D.that will the little girl have to be operated on 13.She walked up to _.A.where did I stand B.where I stood C.I stood there D.where I stood ther
16、e 14.Can you tell me _?A.who is that gentleman B.that gentleman is who C.who that gentleman is D.whom.is that gentleman 15.Well give you _.A.that do you need B.what do you need C.whatever you need D.whether do you need 16.They want us to know _ to help us.A.what can they B.what they can C.how they c
17、an D.how can they 17.We must put _ into practice.A.what we have learned B.that we have learned C.that have we learned D.what have we learned 18.Did she say anything about _?A.that the work was to be done B.how was the work to be done C.that was the work to be done D.how the work was to be done 19.He
18、 was never satisfied with _.A.what she had achieved B.had what she achieved C.she had achieved D.that she achieved 20.These photographs will show you _.A.what does our village look like B.what our village looks like C.how does our village look like D.how our village looks like 21.Peter insisted _ he
19、 pay the bill.A.on that B.what C.that D.on which 22.They urged _ the library open during the vacation.A.when B.where C.why D.that 23.We wish we could have learned _ when we were at high school.A.what you did B.that you had done C.that what you did D.what did you do 24.1 will describe to you _ I saw
20、when there.A.what B.that C.which D./25.From _ I should say he is a good worker.A.what 1 know of him B.that I do know of him C.what do I know of him D.that do I know of him 26.I will give this dictionary to _ wants to have it.A.whomever B.anyone C.whoever D.someone 27._ they will come here hasn t bee
21、n decided yet.A.What B.That C.When D.Where 28._ was said here must be kept secret.A.Who B.The thing C.Whatever D.Where 29.It is still a question _ we shall have our sports meet.A.if B.that C.what D.when 30.Im going anyway._ she will go is up to her to decide.A.If or not B.Whether or not C.If D.That
22、31.It is strange _ she have left without saying a word.A.that B.what C.why D.how 32.It is very clear _ our policy is a correct one.A.what B.that C.why D.where 33._ Mr Zhang said is quite right.A.That B.When C.What D.Whether 34.It has been decided _ he will be sent there.A.if B.whether C.why D.that 3
23、5.It doesn t matter _he s come back or not.A.if B.whether C.that D.when 36.Its a great pity _ we wont be able to finish the task on time.A.when B.that C.why D.where 37.It happened _ I wasnt there that day.A.when B.why C.where D.that 38._ you have done might do harm to other people.A.What B.That C.Wh
24、ich D.The things 39._ leaves the room last ought to turn oft the lights.A.Anyone B.The person C.Whoever D.Who 40._ the 2000 Olympic Games wont be held in Beijing is known to all.A.Whether B.If C.Whenever D.That 41._ fails to see this will make a big mistake.A.That B.Whoever C.Whether D.Whether or no
25、t 42._ we need more equipment is quite obvious.A.What B.Whether C.That D.Whatever 43.Has it been announced _?A.when are the planes to take off B.that are the planes to take off C.where are the planes to take off D.when the planes are to take off 44.That is _ we all support his idea.A.what B.why C.wh
26、ere D.when 45.Thats _ we should do.A.that B.what C.how D.why 46._ is troubling me is _ I dont understand _ he said A.What;that;what B.What;what;what C.That;that;what D.Why;that;which 47.Things were not _ they seemed to be.A.when B.why C.that D.what 48.Thats _ I want to say.A.all what B.what C.all wh
27、ich D.what that 49.Thats _.A.where our differences lie B.our differences lie there C.where do our differences lie D.that where our differences lie 50.That is _.A.where lived he there B.where did he live C.where he lived D.that where he lived 51.The questions is _.A.whether is it worth doing B.that i
28、f it is worth doing C.whether it is worth doing D.if it is worth doing 52.Water will continue to be _ it is today next in importance to oxygen.A.how B.which C.what D.as 53.Thats_.A.how did I become a teacher B.how I became a teacher C.how a teacher I became D.that I became a teacher 54.They are just
29、 _.A.that what shall I have B.what shall I have C.that I shall have what D.what I shall have 55.It looked _.A.as if it was going to rain B.that as if it was going to rain C.as if was it going to rain D.as if that it was going to rain 56.Thats_.A.how she did it B.that how did she do it.C.how did she
30、do it D.what she did it 57.That is _ we decided to put the discussion off.A.where B.which C.that D.why 58.Thats _ I lived when I was ten years old.A.where B.at which C.there where D.when 59.My suggestion is _ we should send a few comrades to help them.A.if B.that C.when that D.that where 60.The idea
31、 _ all people are selfish is wrong.A.what B.that C.why D.if 61.We heard the news _ our team had won.A.that B.what C.whether D.why 62.The fact _ he hadnt said anything surprised us all.A.why B.if C.that D.whether 63.I have no idea _ she will be back.A.that B.where C.that when D.when 64.We must keep i
32、n mind the fact _ China is still a developing country.A.whether B.that C.why D.when 65.They have no idea at all _.A.where he has gone B.where did he go C.where has he gone D.which place he has gone 参考答案 语法复习五：名词性从句 一、1、表语从句；2、同位语从句；3、不是；4、主语从句；5、同位语从句；6、不是；7、表语从句；8、宾语从句；9、不是；10、宾语从句 二、1.which;2.why;
33、3.how;4.What;5.that;6.when,where;7.who(m);8.what;9.where;10.whether 三、15 DBABD 610 DBBCA 1115 CABCC 1620 BADAB 2125 CDAAA 2630 CCCDB 3135 ABCDB 3640 BDACD 4145 BCDBB 4650 ADBAC 5155 CCBDA 5660 ADABB 6165 ACDBA 在主从复合句中，从句可以充当主句的主语、表语、宾语或同位语。由于在多数状况下，主语、表语、宾 语或同位语这四种句子成分由名词性词类充当，所以，我们把这些作用相当于名词的从句统称为名
34、词性从句，把充当主语、表语、宾语或同位语的从句分别称为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句或同位语从句。也 就是说充当什么成分就叫什么从句。名词性从句由连接词（或关联词）引导。常用的连接词有 疑问词（who,whom,whose,what,which,where,why,when,how）可以引导主语、宾语和表语从句。它们的特点是：1、疑问词有本身的词义；2、疑问词在从句中担当句子成分，如主语、宾语或状语；3、这种疑问词引导的从句一律用陈述语序，不能用疑问语序。Do you know whom they are looking for?你知道他们在找谁吗？（宾语从句，陈述语序。不能是 whom are
35、 they looking for?）I dont know who did it.我不知道这是谁干的。（宾语从句。在从句中假如疑问词作主语，其陈述语序和疑问语序一样。）She asked me where I had been.她问我到哪儿去了。（宾语从句。陈述语序，不能是 where had I been.干脆引语，间接引语。留意这句话的时态。）连接词 作用 whether 是否 that(本身无词义)只起连接词作用，引导从句，在从句中不作任何成分 who,whom,whose which 哪一个 what 什么，所的 在从句中分别作主语、宾语和定语 在从句中分别作主语、宾语和定语 在从句
36、中分别作主语、宾语和定语 when 什么时候，where 什么地方 how 怎样、怎么，why 为什么 除了起连接词作用外，还在从句中作状语 Can you tell me when the train will arrive?你能告知我火车什么时候到吗？(宾语从句。陈述语序，不能是 when will the train arrive.干脆引语，间接引语)I dont know why he hasnt come yet.我不知道他为什么还没来。（宾语从句，陈述语序。不能是 why hasnt he come yet）He didnt tell me what you were doing.
37、他没和我说你在干什么。（宾语从句，陈述语序。不能是 what were you doing.What you have done might do harm t other people.你所做过的事情有可能损害别人。（主语从句。what 作从句的宾语。陈述语序，不能是 what have you done.假如用疑问语序，意思发生了改变，成了“你做了什么？”。）I dont know where he is now.我不知道他如今在哪里。（宾语从句，陈述语序。不能是 where is he now.）Where he went for his weekend is not known.不知道
38、他去哪里过的周末。（主语从句，where 作从句的地点状语。陈述语序，不能是 where did he go for his weekend.）Whose fault this is is not important.这是谁的过错并不重要。（主语从句，whose 作从句的定语。陈述语序，不能是 whose fault is this.）What I want to know is where he has gone for his weekend.我想知道的是他到哪里度周末去了。（这句话包含两个名词性从句：what I want to know 是主语从句，what 在从句中作宾语，从句用陈述
39、语序，不能是What do I want to know.Where he has gone for his weekend 是表语从句，where 在从句中作状语，从句用陈述语序，不能是 where has he gone for his weekend.）下面我们再分别讲解并描述主语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句和表语从句。一、主语从句 1that 引导主语从句时，that 没有意义，但不能省略。（that 引导宾语从句时可以省略。）It worried her a bit that her hair was turning gray.她的头发正在变白，这使她很担忧。that 引导主语从句，i
40、t 作形式主语，that 不能省略。That she is a rich woman is known to us all.众所周知，她是个富有的女人。这是 that 引导主语从句，that 不能省略。这句话可以改为用 it 作形式主语的句型。请同学们改写：It is known to us all that she is a rich woman.We didnt know(that)you had sold your house.我们不知道你已经把你的房子卖了。这是 that 引导宾语从句，that 可以省略。留意这句话的时态。2从句作主语时，多数状况下由 it 作形式主语，而把主语从句放
41、在后面，尤其是谓语局部（包括宾语）较短的状况下。It wasnt very clear what she meant.不清晰她是什么意思。It is important that he should come on time.他按时来是很重要的 It is true that that man on the left is a well-known writer here.左边那个人是本地的一位闻名作家，这是真的。这里，第一个 that 引导主语从句，是单纯的连词，无词义，不作句子成分。第二个 that 是指示代词，作句子成分，是 man 的定语。3whether 既可以引导主语从句也可以引导
42、宾语从句，但 if 不能引导主语从句。whether 后面可以加 or not 而 if 不能及 or not 连用。作介词宾语时不用 if.如：Whether I knew John doesnt matter.=It doesnt matter whether I knew John.我是否相识约翰没有关系 Whether or not shell come isnt clear.=Whether shell come or not isnt clear.=It isnt clear whether她是否来还不清晰 It all depends on whether we can get
43、their cooperation.这是主语从句还是宾语从句？it 是形式主语吗？it 是代词，whether 引导的是宾语从句，作介词 on 的宾语，不能用 if 引导。请翻译这句话。这完全取决于我们是否能得到他们的合作 I worry about whether I hurt her feelings.宾语从句，介词宾语，不能用 if 引导。请翻译这句话。She asked me whether/if you were married.宾语从句，既可以用 whether,又可以用 if 引导。留意时态的对应。It remains to be seen whether the ex-pres
44、ident will be sentenced to death 这位前总统是否会被判处死刑还有待视察 It is a pity that Prof.Wang cant attend our English Evening 真惋惜，王教授不能出席我们的英语晚会 二 宾语从句 在谓语动词、介词、动词不定式、分词、动名词之后都可以带有宾语从句。某些形容词如 sure,happy,glad，certain,pleased 等之后也可以带有宾语从句 1，that 引导的宾语从句:that 没有意义，在口语或非正式文体中常省略 I really feel shes making a mistake.我确
45、实感到她正犯错误 Hearing that his son was badly wounded,he hurried to the hospital to see him 听说儿子受了重伤，他连忙赶到医院去探望他 I suggested that we should go home.我建议我们回家去。虚拟语气，that 一般不能省略 2whether/if(是否)引导的宾语从句：假如要突出“原委是还是不”，常在 whether 后面加 or not;if 一般不及 or not 连用 He asked me if/whether I knew John.他问我是否相识约翰 Let me kno
46、w whether you can come or not.你能来还是不能来，告知我一声 3在 think,believe,suppose,expect 等动词的宾语从句中，否认不用在从句中，而是将 think 等词变为否认形式 I dont think the film is interesting.我觉得这部电影没什么意思 I dont suppose we are going outing tomorrow.我认为我们明天不会出去郊游 4假如从句作宾语而后面还有补语，为了保持句子的平衡，用 it 作形式宾语，而将宾语从句放在句尾 常跟这样的复合宾语的动词有：make,find,see,h
47、ear,feel,think,consider,regard,take.for granted 等 George made it clear that he opposed this project.乔治已明确表示他反对这个工程。it 代表 that 引导的句子，作宾语，clear 是宾语补足语 They kept it quiet that he was dead.对他已经死亡的消息，他们秘而不宣 I took it for granted that youd stay with us.我想当然认为你会和我们呆在一起 三、同位语从句 同位语从句是对名词的内容赐予具体、具体的说明。常在后面接同
48、位语从句的名词有 fact,news,idea，truth,hope,suggestion,question,problem,doubt,fear,belief 等。同位语从句常用的引导词为 that,有是也用 when,where 等疑问词 The news that the United States was hit by terrorist attacks took the whole world by surprise.美国受到恐惧主义分子攻击的消息令全世界惊讶 The idea that you can do this work well without thinking is qu
49、ite wrong.你认为不动脑筋就能做好这件工作的想法是完全错误的 People used to hold the belief that the earth was the center of the universe.人们曾认为地球是宇宙的中心 The difficulty lies in the fact that we are short of money.困难在于我们缺乏资金这个事实 They have no idea at all where he has gone.他们一点儿也不知道他去哪儿了 留意：同位语从句的 that 只是引导词，没有其他语法作用，在句子中不作句子成分，不
50、能省略；而定语从句中的 that 除了引导定语从句外，还是定语从句的一个成分，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作主语时不能省略，作宾语时可以省略 The idea that some peoples are superior to others is sheer nonsense.有些民族优越于其他民族这种想法简直荒唐。（请区分是同位语从句还是定语从句。）（同位语从句）The idea that he proposed at the meeting is sheer nonsense.他在会议上提出的这个想法简直荒唐。（请区分是同位语从句还是定语从句。）（定语从句）No one is happy w