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1、 GrammarNoun clauses 名词性从句名词性从句5.Well,time flies!It is as if we had only talked for a minute!(P57)Practice:(1)He talks about Rome as if he had been there before._(2)You look as if you didnt care._(3)He opened his mouth as if he would say something_(4)He speaks Chinese so fluently as if he _ a Chines
2、e.A.were B.had been C.is D.has been(5)Looking round the town,he felt as though he _ away for ages.A.has been B.was C.is D.had been as if 用于省略句中用于省略句中 如果as if 引导的从句是“主语系动词”结构，可省略主语和系动词，这样as if 后就只剩下名词、不定式、形容词（短语）、介词短语或分词。(1)汤姆举起手好像要说什么。Tom raised his hands as if_(2)贾森不时的转过身来，好像在找人。From time to time,J
3、ason turned round as if _.(3)他做事像个傻子。He acts as if _(4)她匆忙离开房间好像生气的样子。She left the room hurriedly as if _ 2.(1)Some insects _ the colour of their surroundings to protect themselves.(11陕西25)A.take in B.take off C.take on D.take out(2)What did you first do in the factory?As soon as we arrived,we were
4、_ to see the production line.(12南京盐城期末)A.taken in B.taken up C.taken back D.taken off引引导导名名词词性性从从句句的的连连接接词词可可分分为三类：为三类：连接词连接词that,whether,if连接代词连接代词what,whatever,who,whoever,whom,whomever,whose,which,whichever.连接副词连接副词when,where,how,why掌握引导词的突破口掌握引导词的突破口:分类分类 -从意思、在句子中所占位置（句子成份）两个角度去考虑。从意思、在句子中所占位置（
5、句子成份）两个角度去考虑。第一类：无意思、无成份。如：第一类：无意思、无成份。如：that。第二类：有意思、无成份。如：第二类：有意思、无成份。如：if,whether。第三类：有意思、有成份。如：第三类：有意思、有成份。如：what,whatever,which,who,whoever,whose,whom,when,where,why,how.疑难杂症疑难杂症主语从句中主语从句中What 与与that同位语从句与定语从句同位语从句与定语从句Whether与与if that是否省略问题是否省略问题主语从句的单复数主语从句的单复数It 作形式主作形式主,宾语等问题宾语等问题名词性从句语序名词性
6、从句语序名词从句中的虚拟语气名词从句中的虚拟语气Who与与whoever等问题等问题宾语从句的注意点宾语从句的注意点that/(that)1.I dont think _ she is coming.2.It is a pity _ he has made such a mistake.3.The reason is _ he is careless.4.The news _ our team won the match inspired us.5.I dont think it necessary _ you should read English aloud.6.He told me _
7、his father had died and _ he had to make a living alone.(that)thatthatthatthat(that)that1.Ithinkthathedidnthelpherwrong.(F)-Ithinkitwrongthathedidnthelpher.如如宾语从句后有补语，要用形式宾语宾语从句后有补语，要用形式宾语“it”来代替，而将从句放到补语后面。来代替，而将从句放到补语后面。注意点注意点:又又:Ifeltstrangethatthescientistdidntcome.-Ifeltitstrangethatthescientis
8、tdidntcome.(F)2.Ithinkheisnotright.(F)-Idontthinkheisright.在在think,believe,suppose,expect等动词所跟的宾语从句等动词所跟的宾语从句中，如果从句的谓语动词是否定的，一般要将否定词移中，如果从句的谓语动词是否定的，一般要将否定词移至主句谓语上，而将从句宾语变成肯定形式。至主句谓语上，而将从句宾语变成肯定形式。3一般情况下介词后不接一般情况下介词后不接that从句。从句。但介词但介词in和和except除外。除外。The problem lies in that the mist may become a thi
9、ck fog.I didnt tell him anything except that I wasnt able to find my way back.注意点：注意点：what与与that在引导主语从句时的区别在引导主语从句时的区别1.What I like best is a book.2.That I like the book best is known to everyone.在在A句中句中what作作like的宾语的宾语,它的意思为它的意思为“的东的东西西”,在在B句中句中that不做成份不做成份,它也没有词义。它也没有词义。1._wecantgetseemsbetterthan
10、_wehave.AWhat；whatBWhat；thatCThat；thatDThat；what2.Ashisbestfriend,Icanmakeaccurateguessesabout_hewilldoorthink.A.whatB.whichC.whomD.that(08上海上海34)3.Ithasbeenproved_eatingvegetablesinchildhoodhelpstoprotectagainstseriousillnessinlatelife.A.ifB.becauseC.whenD.that(08上海上海36)Practise 请判断下列句子中请判断下列句子中tha
11、t引导的是什么从句。引导的是什么从句。1Its known that the earth goes round the sun.2Have you read the newspaper that I gave you last week？主语从句主语从句定语从句定语从句名词从句与定语从句的一些对应关系：名词从句与定语从句的一些对应关系：1.Hehasdonewhathecantohelpme.-Hehasdone_hecantohelpme.2.WhatIwanttosayhasnothingtodowithit.3.-_Iwanttosayhasnothingtodo4.withit.all
12、thatAllthat Tell the difference1.The news that the plane would take off on time made everybody happy.2.The news that is spreading around the airport is that a heavy storm is coming.3.The suggestion that students should learn something practical is worth considering.4.The suggestion that they are con
13、sidering is that students should learn something practical.同位语从句同位语从句定语从句定语从句同位语从句同位语从句定语从句定语从句1.ThefactshehasntknowntheresultoftheexaminationisclearAthatB.whichCD.aboutwhich2ThefactshetoldmeyesterdayisveryimportantA.whichBthatCDAlloftheabovePractise找出下列句子中的错误，并总结出规律：找出下列句子中的错误，并总结出规律：1.Ifwewillhave
14、ameetinghasntbeendecidedyet.2.Itdependsoniftheweatherissuitableforustodoit.3.Thequestionisifhehimselfwillbepresentatthemeeting.4.HeaskedmeifornotIcouldgowithhim.5.Ididntknowiftolaughortocry.Whetherwhetherwhetherwhether4 4种情况只能用种情况只能用whether whether：（：（1 1）位于句子开头；（位于句子开头；（2 2）前面有介词；前面有介词；（3 3）引导表语同位语
15、从句；）引导表语同位语从句；（4 4）与）与or notor not连用连用 (5)(5)与与toto连用连用 whether考点考点:考考查名词性从句中的查名词性从句中的whether,if以及以及that的区别的区别 考考例例1:_ well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.A.If B.Whether C.That D.Where 考考例例2:What the doctors really doubt is _ my mother will recover from the serious disease soon.A.when B.
16、how C.whether D.why考例考例3:It worried her a bit _ her hair was turning gray.A.while B.that C.if D.for找出下列句子中的错误，并总结出规律：找出下列句子中的错误，并总结出规律：1.Ithinkthatworthwhilethatwespentsomuchmoneyonthesebooks.2.2.Thatishardtodecidewhenandwherewewillheldoursportsmeeting.3.Everybodyconsidersitimpossiblewhichhewantstof
17、inishthejobinsuchashorttime.4.Itdoesntmatterthatyouwillcomeornot.itItthatwhether主语从句和宾语从句在适当的情况下可以主语从句和宾语从句在适当的情况下可以借助借助 “it it”而后置。而后置。it it作形式主语或宾语作形式主语或宾语a.It+be+形容词形容词+that-从句从句Itisnecessarythat有必要有必要Itisimportantthat重要的是重要的是Itisobviousthat很明显很明显b.It+be+-ed分词分词+that-从句从句Itisbelievedthat人们相信人们相信I
18、tisknowntoallthat从所周知从所周知Ithasbeendecidedthat已决定已决定c.It+be+名词名词+that-从句从句Itiscommonknowledgethat是常识是常识Itisasurprisethat令人惊奇的是令人惊奇的是Itisafactthat事实是事实是d.It+不及物动词不及物动词+that-分句分句Itappearsthat似乎似乎Ithappensthat碰巧碰巧Itoccurredtomethat我突然想起我突然想起用用it作形式主语的作形式主语的that-从句有以下四种不同的搭配关系：从句有以下四种不同的搭配关系：考考点之一点之一:考查名
19、词性从句中的考查名词性从句中的it作作形式形式 主主语或形式宾语语或形式宾语 考考例例1:_ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.A.There B.This C.That D.It 考例考例2:I hate _ when people talk with their mouths full.A.it B.that C.this D.them 有些动词带宾语从句时习惯上需要在宾语从句前加有些动词带宾语从句时习惯上需要在宾语从句前加it。如如hate,dislike,appreciate,ta
20、ke,owe,have,see to等等Eg：I take it that you will agree with us.我认为你会同意我们的。我认为你会同意我们的。I hate it when they talk with their mouthful 我讨厌他们满嘴食物时说话。我讨厌他们满嘴食物时说话。少数动词要用少数动词要用it作形式宾语作形式宾语(如如put,leave),把以把以whether引导的宾语从句放在后面引导的宾语从句放在后面(了解了解).Eg:I put it to you whether that is the best solution of the problem.
21、我请你考虑那是否是这个问题最好的解决办法我请你考虑那是否是这个问题最好的解决办法.了解：了解：请用请用 who或或 whoever填空。填空。1 _ wants to do the experiment comes to my office.2 _ will do the experiment is known to no one.Whoever WhoWhoever breaks the rule must be punished.Whoever breaks the rule,he must be punished,Anyone whoNo matter whoWhoever与与no ma
22、tter who3.Whoeverbreaksthelawistobepunished._breaksthelawistobepunished.4.Theywilldowhateverhewantsthemtodo.Theywilldo_hewantsthemtodo.5.Illreadwhicheverbookyougiveme.Illread_ofthebooks_yougiveme.AnyonewhoanythingthatanythatWhatever and no matter what 1.I will do whatever you wish.2.We will never gi
23、ve up working,whatever happens.3.Hes decided to leave tomorrow,no matter what.Exercise：请用what,whatever&no matter what 填空：1.You have our support,_ you decide.2.I didnt get _ you said just now.3._ we should do has been done.4.It is unwise to give a child _ he wants.5._ happens,we will stand on your si
24、de.whatever/no matter what what WhatwhateverWhatever/No matter what考点考点:考查名词性从句中的疑问词考查名词性从句中的疑问词+ever引导的名词性从句引导的名词性从句及其与及其与no matter+疑问词引导的从句的区别疑问词引导的从句的区别 考考例例 1:It is generally considered unwise to give a child _ he or she wants.A.however B.whatever C.whichever D.whenever 考例考例2:Sarah hopes to beco
25、me a friend of _ shares her interests.A.anyone B.whomever C.whoever D.no matter who找出下列句子中的错误，并总结出规律：找出下列句子中的错误，并总结出规律：1.Canyoutellmehowmanystudentsarethereinyourclass?2.Idontknowwherehashegone.3.Theowneroftheshopcametoseewhatthematterwas.therearehehaswhatwasthematter.名词从句中须使用陈述语序！名词从句中须使用陈述语序！The p
26、hotographs will show you _.A.what does our village look like B.what our village looks like C.how does our village look like D.how our village looks like Practice在主语从句中，谓语一般用单数。在主语从句中，谓语一般用单数。1.Whateverhesaysisofnoimportance.2.Whereandwhenhewasbornhasnotbeenfound.3.Whenthepersonwasmurderedandwhyhewas
27、murderedarestillunknown.有时要视句子的意义而定有时要视句子的意义而定 What I need is money.What I need are books.找出下列句子中的错误，并总结出规律：找出下列句子中的错误，并总结出规律：1.Wesuggestedthatwewouldgotothecinema.2.Myideaisthatwemustdoourhomeworkfirst.3.Hisproposalthatwewentthereonfootisacceptable.shouldshouldshouldgo注意虚拟语气的使用！注意虚拟语气的使用！在表示建议、要求、命
28、令等的动词在表示建议、要求、命令等的动词suggest、advise、propose、demand、require、insistrequest、command、order等动词及其相应意义的名词后等动词及其相应意义的名词后考点考点:考查名词性从句的虚拟语气问题考查名词性从句的虚拟语气问题 考例考例:It is necessary that a college student _ at least a foreign language.A.masters B.should master C.mastered D.will master 虚拟语气在主语从句中的运用，请记住以下用虚拟语气在主语从句中
29、的运用，请记住以下用法，表示惊奇、不相信、理应如此等法，表示惊奇、不相信、理应如此等.It is necessary(important,natural,It is necessary(important,natural,strange,etc.)that we strange,etc.)that we should cleanshould clean the the room every day.room every day.It was a pity(a shame,no wonder,It was a pity(a shame,no wonder,etc.)that you etc.)t
30、hat you should beshould be so careless.so careless.规律五规律五：注意注意虚拟语气在名词性从句中的虚拟语气在名词性从句中的运用运用！(1)虚拟语气在虚拟语气在宾语从句宾语从句中的运用。中的运用。I wish it were spring all the year round.I wish I had known the answer.I wish I could fly like a bird.It will be desired(suggested,decided,It will be desired(suggested,decided,or
31、dered,requested,proposed,ordered,requested,proposed,etc.)that she etc.)that she should finishshould finish her her homework this afternoon.homework this afternoon.注意：如果说人对这种事实表现出惊奇的情注意：如果说人对这种事实表现出惊奇的情感，就可用虚拟语气。反之，如果不表示惊感，就可用虚拟语气。反之，如果不表示惊奇等情感，奇等情感，thatthat从句也可用陈述句语气。如：从句也可用陈述句语气。如：It is pity that y
32、ou It is pity that you cancant swimt swim.其余问题：其余问题：1.误：误：Idontknowifhecomesbackthismonth.正：正：Idontknowifhewillcomebackthismonth.2.误：误：Thereasonisbecauseheisill.正：正：Thereasonisthatheisill.比较：比较：ItisbecauseItiswhy Hewasillyesterday,sohedidntcometoschool.-Hewasillyesterday._hedidntcometoschool.ItiswhyCf:Hedidntcometoschool._hewasill.Itisbecause固定结构：固定结构：Thereasonwhyisthat