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1、句子的写作 文章无论长短，都是由句子组成的。要想写出漂亮的英文作文，就需使用正确无误的、符合英文文法的句子。从用途来分，句子可以分为陈述句，疑问句，祈使句和感叹句；从结构来分，句子可分为简单句，并列句，复合句。英文句子千变万化，但无论怎样，都离不开五种基本句型。1.写作指导-五种基本句型（1）主语+谓语 My father smokes a lot.Some are dancing,some are singing.（2）主语+连系动词+表语 She is an English teacher.The one in red shirt is my uncle.（3）主语+谓语+宾语 He li
2、kes learning Chinese.We all donated our pocket money.（4）主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语 Mr.Wang teaches us English.I lent her my book.【注意】并不是所有得动词都能用于此句型。除以上两词外，能用于此句型的动词主要有两大类:(1)bring,give,sell,show,take,tell,throw,write buy,find,get,leave,make,save,choose 等。（5）主语+谓语+宾语+宾补 We chose him our monitor.2.使用高级词汇 1occur
3、 替换 think of Suddenly I had an idea that someone had broken into my house.An idea occurred to me that someone had broken into my house.It occurred to me that someone had broken into my house.2devote 替换 spend He spends all his spare time in reading.He devotes all his spare time to reading.3seek 替换 wa
4、nt/look for They sought(wanted)to hide themselves behind the trees.4average 替换 ordinary Im an average(ordinary)student.5but 替换 very The film we saw last night was very interesting.The film we saw last night was nothing but interesting.The film we saw last night was anything but boring.6seat 替换 sit O
5、n his way to school,he found an old lady seated(sitting)by the road,looking worried.7suppose 替换 should He is supposed to(should)have driven more slowly.8appreciate 替换 thank Thank you very much for you help.We appreciate your help very much./Your help is much appreciated.9the case 替换 true I dont thin
6、k it is the case(true).10on 替换 as soon as As soon as he arrived,he began his research.On his arrival,he began his research.11due to 替换 because of He arrived late due to(because of)the storm.12cover 替换 walk/read After covering(walking)10 miles,we all felt tired.13contribute to 替换 be helpful/useful Pl
7、enty of memory work is undoubtedly helpful to English study.Plenty of memory work will undoubtedly contribute to English study.14round the corner 替换 coming soon/nearby The summer vacation is round the corner(coming).Do you have any plans Li Ming studies in a school round the corner(nearby).15come to
8、 light 替换 discover The family were so pleased when they discovered the lost jewels.The family were so pleased when the lost jewels came to light.16come up with 替换 think of Jack is very clever.He often comes up with(thinks of)new ideas.17set aside 替换 save Some students think that they should set asid
9、e some of their pocket money for books.(2004 天津卷)18be of+n.替换 adj.The products are of high quality(very good)and are sold everywhere in China.19refer to 替换 talk about/of,mention The professor you referred to(talked about)is very famous.20can not but/can not help but 替换 have to do I could not but(had
10、 to)go home.21more often than not 替换 usually More often than not(Usually),the meaning of many words can be easily guessed.22be long for sth./be long to do sth.替换 want to do sth./wish for I want to see you very much.I am long to see you.23be caught up in/be crazy about/be absorbed in/be addicted to替换
11、 be interested in He is caught up in(very interested in)collecting stamps.24more than 替换 very Im very glad to learn that you are coming in September.Im more than glad to learn that you are coming in September.(NMET 2003)If there is anything I can do for you,I would be more than glad to help.25perfec
12、t(ly)替换 good/very well He speaks perfect(good)English./He speaks English perfectly(very well).26do sb a/the favor 替换 help Would you please do me the favor(help me)to turn down the radio 27the other day 替换 a few days ago The other day my brother and I went to the cinema by bicycle.(NMET 1997)28in the
13、 course of 替换 during In the course of(During)the mountain-climbing,please help each other and pay special attention to your safety.29the majority of 替换 most The majority of(Most of)the interviewees prefer watching TV at home to going to the cinema.30consist of 替换 be made up of Our class consists of(
14、is made up of)50 students.31be worn out 替换 be tired After five hours non-stop work,we were all worn out(tired).My shoes are worn out(broken).Please buy me a new pair.32become of 替换 happen What do think has become of(happened to)him 33attend to 替换 look after 34on condition that 替换 as long as 35nevert
15、heless 替换 however 36express ones satisfaction with 替换 be satisfied with 37spare no efforts to do 替换 try ones best to do 38many a 替换 many 39be rushed off ones feet 替换 be busy in doing 40meanwhile 替换 at the same time 41get to ones feet 替换 stand up 42occasionally 替换 sometimes/once in while 43for instan
16、ce 替换 for example 44seldom 替换 not often 45wealthy 替换 rich 46amazing 替换 surprising 47as a matter of fact 替换 in fact 3 高级句型结构 It 句型 It will be+some time+before It wont be long before humans visit the Mars.It is+adj./n.+for sb to do sth.It is very important for us to learn computer well,because it has
17、changed our life so much.He said since it was a new model in China,it was impossible to fix it without the right spare parts.（2008 年湖北卷）It is+被强调部分+that 1)It is what Yang Liwei has done that encourages us a lot.2)Those who like reading extensively say it is through reading that we get our knowledge.
18、more than any other 表示最高级 Among the optional courses,spoken English and computer study are more popular than any one else.名词从句 It would mean a great deal to me to listen to the tape and learn what is covered in the talk.(2004 全国卷 )My hometown is no longer what it used to be.（非限制性）定语从句 The flat is in
19、 a building on Fangcao Street.It is not far from Jianxin Chinese School.The flat is in a building on Fangcao Street,which is not far from Jianxin Chinese School.(NMET 2003)It was quite an experience for us both,which Ill never forget for the rest of my life.(2002 北京卷)分词结构 I dont know about others,bu
20、t I used to have to work even at weekends doing endless homework and attending classes as well.(NMET 2001)Well mostly stay at home in the evening watching TV,playing games,and meeting people.(2004 全国卷)Hearing this,a few people began to run after him.（2004 辽宁卷）Born in American,Thomas Edison was a gre
21、at scientist and inventor.with 结构 A terrible accident happened yesterday,with nine people killed and almost eighty injured.He was carrying a bedroll and a large bag on his shoulder,with a large suitcase in his left hand.倒装句 The library is to the east of the teaching building.East of the teaching bui
22、lding is the library.Although we are tired,we are happy.Tired as we are,we are happy.Only in this way can he grow to be a useful man.(2002 上海卷)May all your dreams come true!May our friendship last till the end of the universe.!（2007 年湖南卷）被动语态 Opinions are divided on the question.(NMET 2002)All class
23、es are taught by teachers with rich experience in teaching foreign students.(2004 全国卷)New factories,houses and roads have been built.(2004 江苏卷)巧妙的改写（1）Only 改成 no one but Only Tom passed the exam last week.No one but Tom passed the exam.（2）as soon as 改成 No soonerthan/Hardlywhen/Immediately/The moment
24、 No sooner had we arrived at the cinema than the film started.（3）have sb/sth do/done The girl was knocked off her bicycle and had her leg broken(her leg was broken.).（4）变换插入语的位置 However,they suggest fees should be charged low.They suggest,however,fees should be charged low.(NMET 2002)I think this is
25、 a good chance for you to show your singing talent,and how well youve learned Chinese.This is a good chance for you,I think,to show your singing talent,and how well youve learned Chinese.(2004 全国卷)(5).用同位语代替非限制性定语从句 Meimei,who is seven years old,has been learning to ride a bicycle for several days.M
26、eimei,a girl of thirteen,has been learning to ride a bicycle for several days.Shakespeare,a son from a poor family,a man of little education,wrote plays and poems that are read all over the world.（2008 年湖南卷）其它 （1）注重句子的开头 用 with 复合结构开头 With the sun setting in the west,we had to wave goodbye to the wo
27、rkers.With his help,weve learned how to analyze and settle problems.用非谓语动词形式开头 ）In order to improve our English,our school held an English contest.）Walking towards the cinema,he met a foreigner.（2）长短句交错使用（注意：应突出主题句；长句子并非越长越好）实战训练 在过去的几年，北京发生了巨大的变化。我很高兴地收到你 2006 年 2 月 12 日的来信。我期待着不久收到你的来信。总而言之，email
28、在我们的日常生活中扮演着多么重要的角色啊！不仅我喜爱英语，而且我酷爱音乐，尤其是古典音乐。另外，我们还将邀请来自清华大学的 Johnson 教授为我们在图书馆的二层阅览室作关于禽流感的报告 我正走在去往学校的路上，突然这是我听到不远处传来“救命！救命！”8.学校教学楼的东边矗立着一座实验楼，在那里我们每天做着各种试验。9.有许多学生在操场上玩篮球，梦想着有朝一日成为姚明。10.正如从图表中所展示的，我们年级百分之四十的学生课后从事体育活动。11.我跑到河边，脱了外衣，毫不犹豫地跳进冰冷的水里。12.我正要出门，突然这时天开始下雨。13.令我吃惊的是，这些人不顾后果，到处乱贴小广告。14.许多古
29、树在这次大火中严重地破坏了。15.他有许多爱好，例如游泳、唱歌和滑冰。16.一些人随意砍伐树木，一些人猎杀飞鸟，一些人乱扔废纸，这些对我们的环境都造成了恶劣的影响。17.曾经一度，每天直到 11 点钟李明才上床睡觉，目的是为了弥补落下的功课。18.我一进入云雾山，就被那自然的美景所打动。19.我将尽力节省我的零花钱，捐给贫困地区的孩子们。20.一些有效的措施必须被政府采取，让北京的天更蓝，水更清。相关过渡语 1).表示时间顺序:first,then,afterwards,meanwhile,later，first of all,finally,at last 2).表示空间顺序:near,ne
30、xt to,far from,in front of,on the left,on one side 3).表示比较、对照:like,unlike,such as,but,however,on the other hand,on the contrary,nevertheless,otherwise 4).表示因果关系:because,for,as a result,therefore,thus 5).表示递进关系:besides,whats more,what was worse,moreover,furthermore,in addition,on top of 6).表示并列关系:and
31、,as well as,also 7).表示总结性:in general,in a word,in short,on the whole,to sum up,in brief,to conclude 附 1.英语作文常用结构 一）段首句 1.任何事物都是有两面性，也不例外。它既有有利的一面，也有不利的一面。Everything has two sides and _ is not an exception，it has both advantages and disadvantages.2.关于人们的观点各不相同，一些人认为（说），在他们看来，Peoples opinions about _
32、vary from person to person.Some people say that them,_.3.人类正面临着一个严重的问题，这个问题变得越来越严重。Man is now facing a big problem _ which is becoming more and more serious.4.已成为人的关注的热门话题，特别是在年青人当中，将引发激烈的辩论。_ has become a hot topic among people，especially among the young and heated debates are right on their way.5.
33、在我们的日常生活中起着越来越重要的作用，它给我们带来了许多好处，但同时也引发一些严重的问题。_ has been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day has brought us a lot of benefits but has created some serious problems as well.6.根据图表/数字/统计数字/表格中的百分比/图表/条形图/成形图可以看出。很显然，但是为什么呢 According to the figure/number/statistics in the/chart/gra
34、ph，it can be seen that_.Obviously，_，but why （二）中间段落句 1.相反，有一些人赞成，他们相信，而且，他们认为。On the contrary，there are some people in favor of the same time，they say_.2.面临，我们应该采取一系列行之有效的方法来。一方面，另一方面，Confronted with_，we should take a series of effective measures to_.For one thing，_For another，_ 3.早就应该拿出行动了。比如说，另外。所
35、有这些方法肯定会。It is high time that something was done about it.For example.addition.these measures will certainly_.（三）结尾句 1.至于我，在某种程度上我同意后面的观点，我认为 As far as I am concerned,I agree with the latter opinion to some extent.I think that _.2.总而言之，整个社会应该密切关注这个问题。只有这样，我们才能在将来。In a word,the whole society should p
36、ay close attention to the problem of in this way can _in the future.3.随着社会的发展，。因此，迫切需要。如果每个人都愿为社会贡献自已的一份力量，这个社会将要变得越来越好。With the development of society,its urgent and necessary to every member is willing to contribute himself to the society,it will be better and better.4.至于我（对我来说，就我而言），我认为更合理。只有这样，我
37、们才能 personally,I think it reasonable to_.Only in this way can you _.5.对我来说，我认为有必要。原因如下：第一，；第二，；最后但同样重要的是 In my opinion,I think it necessary to_.The reasons are as follows.First _.Last but not least,_.6.综上所述，我们可以清楚地得出结论 From what has been discussed above,we may reasonably arrive at the conclusion tha
38、t_.附 2 学生易错句型结构 一、There be结构 考生病句：1.There are many people like to go to the movies.2.There are different kinds of vegetables can be bought on the market by people.正确表达：1.There are many people who like to go to the movies.2.There are different kinds of vegetables that people can buy on the market.评议与
39、分析：这两个例句的错误比较有普遍性，因为在历次考试中有不少考生不能正确运用 there be 这一最常用的句式。在这种结构中，there 是引导词，没有实际意义。be 在句中作谓语，有时态和数的变化。例如：1.There was no school in the village at that time.2.There are many people rushing into the cities every year.3.There are many things we can do to prevent traffic accidents.二、比较结构 考生病句：1.Comparing w
40、ith the bike,the car runs much faster.2.The climate in Walton is colder than other cities.正确表达：1.Compared with the bike,the car runs much faster.2.The climate in Walton is colder than that of other cities.下面是比较结构的一些常用的表达方法。1同级比较 In 1998 we produced as many cars as we did in the previous five years.2
41、比较级 1）Children now enjoy better medical treatment than before.2）We can live longer without food than we can(live)without water.3最高级 1）This is the most interesting book Ive ever read.2）Of all his novels I like this one best.4 the morethe more结构 1)The harder you work,the greater progress you will make
42、.2)The more a man knows,the more he discovers his ignorance.5选择比较 1)I prefer staying at home to going out.2)They prefer to work rather than(to)sit idly.3)He prefers to work alone.三、表达原因的结构 考生病句：1.The reason for this is because some people want to earn plenty of money without working hard.正确表达：1.The
43、reason for this is that some people want to earn plenty of money without working hard.评议与分析：考生犯了一个中国学生常犯的错误，就是用 because 引起表语从句，because 这个词不能引起表语从句，在本句中只能改用 that 才正确。英语中用来表达原因这一概念的结构有多种。我们可用 as,because,since,seeing that,considering that,now that,.等词组引出表示原因的从句。例如：1.Now that we have seen these great ac
44、hievements with our own eyes,we feel more proud than ever of our country.2.Professor Liu is strict with us because he wants us to make rapid progress.3.Since we live near the sea,we enjoy a healthy climate.4.Pollution is still a serious problem,not that we dont have the ability to solve it,but that
45、some people have not realized the consequences of the problem.我们还可以借助某些词语用简单句表达原因结构。例如：1.The reason for this change is quite obvious.2.Diligence is the key factor of success.四、否定结构 考生病句 1.Some people think we neednt to worry about fresh water.2.Nowadays many people dont like to go to the movies,too.
46、正确表达：1.Some people think we neednt worry(或 dont need to worry)about fresh water.2.Nowadays many people dont like to go to the movies,either.而 either 只能用于否定句。五、含有 it 的结构 考生病句：1.As is known to all of us that science and technology play an important role in the development of society.2.It is known to u
47、s,practice makes perfect.正确表达：1.It is known to all of us that science and technology play an important role in the development of society.(或:As is known to all of us,science.)2.It is known to us that practice makes perfect.(或:As is known to us,practice.)it 句型 1作形式主语 It is necessary for us to master
48、a foreign language skillfully.It makes difference whether we could purify the air or not.2.作形式宾语 We find it rather difficult to prevent people from doing that.Modern science has made it possible for babies to grow healthily and for people to live longer.3.引导强调句 It is only by this way that we can ach
49、ieve success.It was then that people began to realizethe importance of controlling population.六、不含 not 的英语否定结构 否定结构除了在助动词、情态动词，be 和 have 后面加 not 之外，还有许多不含 not 的否定结构。若能正确使用他们，文章会显得生动活泼，增加写作的闪光点。下面我们就来看看:1 含有否定意义的词汇和短语 以下列举的词和词组本身就具有否定的含义，因此无需用否定词。介词 against,beyond,but,except,without,.形容词和动词 absent,de
50、ny,differ,different,fail,free,ignore,miss,refuse,the last,used to,reluctant,lack,want,.短语 keep.from,protect.from,prevent.from,let alone,at a loss,in vain,instead of,of the question,rather than,too.to,by no means,anything but,.我们看以下例句：1）Women fail to get the equal rights in some countries.在一些国家里妇女没有得