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1、 形容词：1.贫穷的：poor=needy=impoverished=poverty-stricken(poverty.n.)2.富裕的：rich=wealthy=affluent=well-to-do=well-off 3.优秀的：excellent=eminent=top=outstanding 4.积极的，好的：good=conducive=beneficial=advantageous 5.消 极 的,不 良 的：bad=detrimental=evil=baneful=undesirable harmful=inhumane(无人道的)6.明显的：obvious=apparent=e
2、vident=manifest 7.健康的:healthy=robust=sound=wholesome 8.惊人的：surprising=amazing=extraordinary=miraculous 9.美丽的：beautiful=attractive=gorgeous=eye-catching 10.有活力的:energetic=dynamic=vigorous=animated 11.流行的:popular=prevailing=prevalent=pervasive 12.普遍的:everywhere=widespread=prevalent=overflow=rampant 13
3、.富有的:rich=wealthy=affluent 14.贫穷的:poor=impoverished 15.严重的：serious=severe(严厉的)16.便宜的：cheap=economical=inexpensive 17.重要的：key=crucial=critical=important=significant=vital=substantial=indispensable=imperative 18.急 剧 地：dramatically=drastically=sharply=hugely=enormously=steeply=substantially=considerabl
4、y=significantly=markedly=surprisingly=strikingly=radically=remarkably=vastly=noticeably 19.平稳地：steadily=smoothly=slightly=slowly=marginally=gradually=moderately=mildly 20.有益的：useful=helpful=beneficial=profitable=rewarding=advantageous 21.明 显 的：clear=obvious=evident=self-evident=manifest=apparent=cry
5、stal-clear 动词：1.提高，加强：improve=enhance=advance=promote=strengthen=optimize 2.引起：cause=trigger=endanger 3.解 决：solve=resolve=address=tackle=cope with=deal with=tackle=address(*)=handle 4.拆除：destroy=tear down=knock down=eradicate 5.培养:develop=cultivate=foster=nurture=agriculture 6.激发,鼓励：encourage=motiva
6、te=stimulate=spur 7.认为：think=believe=insist=maintain=conclude=deem=assert=hold=claim=argue=be convinced=be firmly convinced=be fully convinced 8.完成：complete=fulfill=accomplish=achieve 9.保留：keep=preserve=retain=hold=conserve 保护资源 10.有 害 于,破 坏，损 害：destroy=impair=undermine=jeopardize=break=damage=hurt=
7、injure=harm=jeopardize=devastate(抽象)11.减轻:ease=alleviate=relieve=lighten 12.改变：change=transform 13.强调：emphasize=highlight=stress=address(*)14.影响：influence=impact,effect 15.展示：show=reveal=illustrate=demonstrate=depict=present=represent=describe 16.需要:need=require=necessitate=call for 17.给与:give=offer
8、=render=impart=provide=supply=afford 18.保护:protect=conserve=preserve 19.确保:assure=ensure=guarantee=pledge 20.要求:request=demand=needs=requisition 21.宣称：allege=assert=declare=claim 22.发生：happen=occur=take place 23.原因：reason=factor=cause 24.发展:development=advance=progress 25.消除:eliminate=clear=remove=c
9、lear up=take away=smooth away 26.导致:lead to=bring about=result in=cause=spark off=conduce to=procure=induce=generate 名词：1.影响：influence=impact 2.危险：danger=perils=hazard 3.污染：pollution=contamination 4.人类：human beings=mankind=human race 5.老人：old people=the old=the elderly=the aged=senior citizens 6.幸福：
10、happiness=cheerfulness=well-being 7.老师：teachers=instructors=educators=lecturers 8.教育：education=schooling=family parenting=upbringing 9.青少年：young people=youngsters=youths=adolescents 10.优点：advantage=benefit=merits=superiority=virtue=upside=strength 11.责任：responsibility=obligation=duty=liability 12.能力
11、：ability=capacity=power=skill 13.职业：job=career=employment=profession 14.娱乐：enjoyment=pastimes=recreation=entertainment 15.孩子：children=offspring=descendant=kid 16.祖先:forefather=ancestor=predecessor 17.不同:different=gap（*）=distinction 18.犯罪:crime=delinquency=criminal Act 19.环境:environment=circumstance=
12、atmosphere=surrounding=ambience 20.人类:human=the human race=humanity=humankind 21.缺陷：disadvantage=demerit=drawback=downside=weakness 短语：1.充满了：be filled with=be awash with=be inundate with=be saturated with 2.努力：struggle for=aspire after=strive for=spare no efforts for 3.从事：embark on=take up=set about
13、=go in for 4.在当代社会:In modern society=in contemporary society=in present-day society=in this day and age 5.大量的:a host of=a multitude of=a vast number of=a vast amount of 6.因 此：so=therefore=thus=hence=consequently=as a consequence=accordingly=as a result=because of this=as a result of this 7.增长至：grow
14、to=rise to=increase to=go up to=climb to=ascend to=jump to=shoot to 8.降低至：dip to=fall to=decline to=decrease to=drop to=go down to=reduce to=slump to=descend to=sink to=slide to 19 保持稳定：level out=do not change=remain stable=remain still=remain steady=be stable=maintain the same level=remain unchange
15、d=be still=remain the same level=stay constant=keep at the same level=level off=stabilize=keep its stability=even out 20.事实上：practically=in practice=essentially=in essence=in reality=in effect=in fact=as a matter of fact=it is a fact that 21.换言之：namely=that is to say=in other words=to put it like th
16、is=to put it differently=to put it from another way=to put it from another angle.22.与相比：Compared with=compared to=in comparison with=in comparison to=by comparison with=by comparison to 23.对比而言：by contrast=in contrast=on the other hand=on the contrary=conversely 24.占：comprise=take up=account for=con
17、stitute=consist of=make up=hold=compose=occupy 25.波动：fluctuate=go ups and downs=display a fluctuation=demonstrate a fluctuation 26.大约：approximately=almost=about=around=nearly=roughly 插入语 1.indeed 的确，2.surely 无疑，3.however 然而，4.obviously 显然，5.frankly坦 率 地 说，6.naturally 自 然，7.luckily(或 happily)for sb.算
18、 某 人 幸运，8.fortunately/luckily幸好，9.honestly真的，10.briefly简单地说,11.strange to say 说也奇怪，12.needless to say 不用说，13.most important of all 最为重要是，13.worse still 更糟糕的是，14.in a few words(或 in sum，in short)简而言之，15.in other words 换句话说，16.in a sense 在某种意义上，17.in general一般说来，18.in my view 在我看来，19.in conclusion 总之，
19、20.in summary概括地说，21.in fact 事实上，22.in the first place 首先，23.in addition 此外，24.of course 当然，25.to my knowledge 据我所知，26.for instance(或 example)例如，27.as a matter of fact 事实上,28.strictly speaking 严格地说，29.generally speaking 一般地说，30.judging from根据判断,31.to be sure 无疑，32.to sum up 概括地说，33.to tell the truth
20、 老实说,34.I am sure 我可以肯定地说，35.I believe 我相信，36.I wonder 我不知道，37.that is 也就是说，38.it seems 看来是，39.as I see it 照我看来，40.what is important(serious)重要(严重)的是 1.individuals,characters,folks 替换 people,persons 2:positive,favorable,rosy(美好的)，promising(有希望的)，perfect,pleasurable,excellent,outstanding,superior 替换
21、good 3:dreadful,unfavorable,poor,adverse,ill(有害的)替换 bad 如果 bad 做表语，可以有 be less impressive 替换 Eg.An army of college students indulge themselves in playing games,enjoying romance with girls/boys or killing time passively in their dorms.When it approaches to graduation,as a result,they find their acade
22、mic records are less impressive.4.(an army of,an ocean of,a sea of,a multitude of,a host of,many,if not most)替换many.注：用 many,if not most 一定要小心，many 后一定要有词。Eg.Many individuals,if not most,harbor the idea that.同理 用 most,if not all,替换 most.5:a slice of,quiet a few,several 替换 some 6:harbor the idea that
23、,take the attitude that,hold the view that,it is widely shared that,it is universally acknowledged that)替 think(因为是书面语，所以要加 that)7:affair,business,matter 替换 thing 8:shared 代 common 9.reap huge fruits 替换 get many benefits)10:for my part,from my own perspective 替换 in my opinion 11:Increasing(ly),growi
24、ng 替换 more and more(注意没有 growingly 这种形式。所以当修饰名词时用 increasing/growing.修饰形容词，副词用 increasingly.Eg.sth has gained growing popularity.Sth is increasingly popular with the advancement of sth.12.little if anything,或 little or nothing 替换 hardly 13.beneficial,rewarding 替换 helpful 14.shopper,client,consumer,p
25、urchaser,替换 customer 15.exceedingly,extremely,intensely 替换 very 16.hardly necessary,hardly inevitable.替换 unnecessary,avoidable 17.sth appeals to sb,sth exerts a tremendous fascination on sb 替换 sb take interest in/sb.be interested in 18.capture ones attention 替换 attract ones attention.19.facet,demens
26、ion,sphere 代 aspect 20.be indicative of,be suggestive of,be fearful of 代 indicate,suggest,fear 21.give rise to,lead to,result in,trigger 替换 cause 22.There are several reasons behind sth 替换.reasons for sth 23.desire 替换 want 24.pour attention into 替换 pay attention to 25.bear in mind that 替换 remember 26.enjoy,possess 替换 have(注意 process 是过程的意思)27.interaction 替换 communication 28.frown on sth 替换 be against,disagree with sth 29.to name only a few,as an example 替换 for example,for instance 30.next to/virtually impossible,替换 nearly/almost impossible