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1、 形容词：1.贫穷的：poor=needy=impoverished=poverty-stricken(poverty.n.)2.富裕的：rich=wealthy=affluent=well-to-do=well-off3.优秀的：excellent=eminent=top=outstanding4.积极的，好的：good=conducive=beneficial=advantageous5.消 极 的,不 良 的：bad=detrimental=evil=baneful=undesirable harmful=inhumane(无人道的)6.明显的：obvious=apparent=evid
2、ent=manifest7.健康的:healthy=robust=sound=wholesome8.惊人的：surprising=amazing=extraordinary=miraculous9.美丽的：beautiful=attractive=gorgeous=eye-catching10.有活力的:energetic=dynamic=vigorous=animated11.流行的:popular=prevailing=prevalent=pervasive12.普遍的:everywhere=widespread=prevalent=overflow=rampant13.富有的:rich=
3、wealthy=affluent14.贫穷的:poor=impoverished15.严重的：serious=severe(严厉的)16.便宜的：cheap=economical=inexpensive17.重要的：key=crucial=critical=important=significant=vital=substantial=indispensable=imperative18.急 剧 地：dramatically=drastically=sharply=hugely=enormously=steeply=substantially=considerably=significantl
4、y=markedly=surprisingly=strikingly=radically=remarkably=vastly=noticeably19.平稳地：steadily=smoothly=slightly=slowly=marginally=gradually=moderately=mildly20.有益的：useful=helpful=beneficial=profitable=rewarding=advantageous21.明 显 的：clear=obvious=evident=self-evident=manifest=apparent=crystal-clear 动词：1.提
5、高，加强：improve=enhance=advance=promote=strengthen=optimize2.引起：cause=trigger=endanger3.解 决：solve=resolve=address=tackle=copewith=dealwith=tackle=address(*)=handle4.拆除：destroy=tear down=knock down=eradicate5.培养:develop=cultivate=foster=nurture=agriculture6.激发,鼓励：encourage=motivate=stimulate=spur7.认为：th
6、ink=believe=insist=maintain=conclude=deem=assert=hold=claim=argue=be convinced=be firmly convinced=be fully convinced8.完成：complete=fulfill=accomplish=achieve9.保留：keep=preserve=retain=hold=conserve 保护资源10.有 害 于,破 坏，损 害：destroy=impair=undermine=jeopardize=break=damage=hurt=injure=harm=jeopardize=devas
7、tate(抽象)11.减轻:ease=alleviate=relieve=lighten12.改变：change=transform13.强调：emphasize=highlight=stress=address(*)14.影响：influence=impact,effect15.展示：show=reveal=illustrate=demonstrate=depict=present=represent=describe16.需要:need=require=necessitate=call for17.给与:give=offer=render=impart=provide=supply=aff
8、ord18.保护:protect=conserve=preserve19.确保:assure=ensure=guarantee=pledge20.要求:request=demand=needs=requisition21.宣称：allege=assert=declare=claim22.发生：happen=occur=take place23.原因：reason=factor=cause24.发展:development=advance=progress25.消除:eliminate=clear=remove=clear up=take away=smooth away26.导致:lead t
9、o=bring about=result in=cause=spark off=conduce to=procure=induce=generate 名词：1.影响：influence=impact2.危险：danger=perils=hazard3.污染：pollution=contamination4.人类：human beings=mankind=human race5.老人：old people=the old=the elderly=the aged=senior citizens6.幸福：happiness=cheerfulness=well-being7.老师：teachers=
10、instructors=educators=lecturers8.教育：education=schooling=family parenting=upbringing9.青少年：young people=youngsters=youths=adolescents10.优点：advantage=benefit=merits=superiority=virtue=upside=strength11.责任：responsibility=obligation=duty=liability12.能力：ability=capacity=power=skill13.职业：job=career=employm
11、ent=profession14.娱乐：enjoyment=pastimes=recreation=entertainment15.孩子：children=offspring=descendant=kid16.祖先:forefather=ancestor=predecessor17.不同:different=gap（*）=distinction18.犯罪:crime=delinquency=criminal Act19.环境:environment=circumstance=atmosphere=surrounding=ambience20.人类:human=the human race=hu
12、manity=humankind21.缺陷：disadvantage=demerit=drawback=downside=weakness 短语：1.充满了：be filled with=be awash with=be inundate with=be saturated with2.努力：struggle for=aspire after=strive for=spare no efforts for 3.从事：embark on=take up=set about=go in for4.在当代社会:In modern society=in contemporary society=in
13、present-daysociety=in this day and age5.大量的:a host of=a multitude of=a vast number of=a vast amount of6.因 此：so=therefore=thus=hence=consequently=as a consequence=accordingly=as a result=because of this=as a result of this7.增长至：grow to=rise to=increase to=go up to=climb to=ascend to=jump to=shootto8.
14、降低至：dip to=fall to=decline to=decrease to=drop to=go down to=reduceto=slump to=descend to=sink to=slide to19 保持稳定：level out=do not change=remain stable=remain still=remain steady=bestable=maintain the same level=remain unchanged=be still=remain the samelevel=stay constant=keep at the same level=leve
15、l off=stabilize=keep its stability=evenout20.事实上：practically=in practice=essentially=in essence=in reality=in effect=infact=as a matter of fact=it is a fact that21.换言之：namely=that is to say=in other words=to put it like this=to put itdifferently=to put it from another way=to put it from another angl
16、e.22.与相比：Compared with=compared to=in comparison with=in comparisonto=by comparison with=by comparison to23.对比而言：by contrast=in contrast=on the other hand=on thecontrary=conversely24.占：comprise=take up=account for=constitute=consist of=make up=hold=compose=occupy25.波动：fluctuate=go ups and downs=disp
17、lay a fluctuation=demonstrate afluctuation26.大约：approximately=almost=about=around=nearly=roughly 插入语1.indeed 的确，2.surely 无疑，3.however 然而，4.obviously 显然，5.frankly坦 率 地 说，6.naturally 自 然，7.luckily(或 happily)for sb.算 某 人 幸运，8.fortunately/luckily幸好，9.honestly真的，10.briefly简单地说,11.strangeto say 说也奇怪，12.ne
18、edless to say 不用说，13.most important of all 最为重要是，13.worse still 更糟糕的是，14.in a few words(或 in sum，in short)简而言之，15.in other words 换句话说，16.in a sense 在某种意义上，17.in general一般说来，18.in my view 在我看来，19.in conclusion 总之，20.in summary概括地说，21.in fact 事实上，22.in the first place 首先，23.in addition 此外，24.of course
19、 当然，25.to my knowledge 据我所知，26.for instance(或 example)例如，27.as a matter of fact事实上,28.strictly speaking 严格地说，29.generallyspeaking 一般地说，30.judging from根据判断,31.to be sure 无疑，32.tosum up 概括地说，33.to tell the truth 老实说,34.I am sure 我可以肯定地说，35.Ibelieve 我相信，36.I wonder 我不知道，37.that is 也就是说，38.it seems 看来是，
20、39.as I see it 照我看来，40.what is important(serious)重要(严重)的是1.individuals,characters,folks替换 people,persons2:positive,favorable,rosy(美好的)，promising(有希望的)，perfect,pleasurable,excellent,outstanding,superior 替换 good3:dreadful,unfavorable,poor,adverse,ill(有害的)替换 bad 如果 bad 做表语，可以有 be less impressive 替换Eg.A
21、n army of college students indulge themselves in playing games,enjoyingromance with girls/boys or killing time passively in their dorms.When it approachesto graduation,as a result,they find their academic records are less impressive.4.(an army of,an ocean of,a sea of,a multitude of,a host of,many,if
22、 not most)替换many.注：用 many,if not most 一定要小心，many 后一定要有词。Eg.Manyindividuals,if not most,harbor the idea that.同理 用 most,if not all,替换 most.5:a slice of,quiet a few,several替换 some6:harbor the idea that,take the attitude that,hold the view that,it is widely sharedthat,it is universally acknowledged that
23、)替 think(因为是书面语，所以要加 that)7:affair,business,matter 替换 thing8:shared 代 common9.reap huge fruits 替换 get many benefits)10:for my part,from my own perspective 替换 in my opinion11:Increasing(ly),growing 替换 more and more(注意没有 growingly 这种形式。所以当修饰名词时用 increasing/growing.修饰形容词，副词用 increasingly.Eg.sth has gai
24、ned growing popularity.Sth is increasingly popular with theadvancement of sth.12.little if anything,或 little or nothing 替换 hardly13.beneficial,rewarding 替换 helpful14.shopper,client,consumer,purchaser,替换 customer15.exceedingly,extremely,intensely 替换 very16.hardly necessary,hardly inevitable.替换 unnece
25、ssary,avoidable17.sth appeals to sb,sth exerts a tremendous fascination on sb 替换 sb take interestin/sb.be interested in18.capture ones attention替换 attract ones attention.19.facet,demension,sphere 代 aspect20.be indicative of,be suggestive of,be fearful of代 indicate,suggest,fear21.give rise to,lead to
26、,result in,trigger 替换 cause22.There are several reasons behind sth 替换.reasons for sth23.desire 替换 want24.pour attention into 替换 pay attention to25.bear in mind that 替换 remember26.enjoy,possess 替换 have(注意 process 是过程的意思)27.interaction 替换 communication28.frown on sth 替换 be against,disagree with sth29.to name only a few,as an example替换 for example,for instance30.next to/virtually impossible,替换 nearly/almost impossible