《高二英语 Unit 18 grammar课件 大纲人教.ppt》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《高二英语 Unit 18 grammar课件 大纲人教.ppt（30页珍藏版）》请在taowenge.com淘文阁网|工程机械CAD图纸|机械工程制图|CAD装配图下载|SolidWorks_CaTia_CAD_UG_PROE_设计图分享下载上搜索。
1、 Grammar The Attributive Clause The restrictive&non-restrictive attributive clausesThe restrictive&non-restrictive attributive clauses The attributive clause&the appositive clause The attributive clause&the appositive clause The attributive clause&the emphasis structureThe attributive clause&the emp
2、hasis structure2021/8/11 星期三11.He is a famous scientist.2.whos that girl in red?3.Ive read all the books that you lent me.4.I have lost my pen,which I like very much.Pay special attention to the underlined Pay special attention to the underlined parts.Is there anything in common parts.Is there anyth
3、ing in common between them?between them?2021/8/11 星期三2The attributive clause(the adjective clause)the restrictive attributive clausethe restrictive attributive clause the non-restrictive attributive clause the non-restrictive attributive clause noun/pronoun +the attributive clausethe antecedent(pers
4、on/thing)the antecedent(person/thing)the relative pronouns/adverbs+clausethe relative pronouns/adverbs+clause2021/8/11 星期三3The use of the relative pronounsForm 1:the relative the relative pronounspronouns referring to referring to function in the clausefunction in the clausewhowhowhomwhomthat that w
5、hich which whose whose person(s)person(s)subject/object subject/object person(s)person(s)object object person(s)/thing(s)person(s)/thing(s)subject/objectsubject/objectthing(s)thing(s)subject/object subject/object person(s)/thing(s)person(s)/thing(s)(of whom/which)(of whom/which)attributiveattributiv
6、e2021/8/11 星期三4The use of the relative adverbsthe relative adverbsthe relative adverbsreferring toreferring tofunction in the clausefunction in the clausewhen(=at/in/on when(=at/in/on which)which)where(=in/at which)where(=in/at which)why(=for which)why(=for which)timetimeadverbial of timeadverbial o
7、f timeplace place adverbial of placeadverbial of placereasonreasonadverbial of reasonadverbial of reason2021/8/11 星期三5Practice:complete the sentences with suitable Practice:complete the sentences with suitable relatives.relatives.1.I know the reason _1.I know the reason _ he came late._ he came late
8、.2.Do you know the woman,_son went to 2.Do you know the woman,_son went to college last year?college last year?3.The house _ color is red is johns.3.The house _ color is red is johns.4.This is the best film _4.This is the best film _ Ive ever seen._ Ive ever seen.5.Thats the town _5.Thats the town _
9、 he worked in 1987._ he worked in 1987.6.I have 2 brothers,_6.I have 2 brothers,_ are both soldiers._ are both soldiers.7.Next week,_7.Next week,_ youll spend in your _ youll spend in your hometown,is coming.hometown,is coming.8.Ive tried 2 pairs of shoes,neither of _8.Ive tried 2 pairs of shoes,nei
10、ther of _fits me _fits me well.well.whywhosewhosethatwherewhowhichwhich2021/8/11 星期三6Notice:Notice:Pay more attention to the agreement between the verb and the antecedent in person and number in the attributive clause,and then complete the sentences:1.Those who _ to go to the cinema must be at the s
11、chool gate by 3:30 p.m.(want)2.He who _ the great wall is not a true man.(not reach)3.She is the only one of the girls who _ been to Beijing.(have)4.He is one of the boys who _ seen the film.(have)wantdoesnt reachhashave2021/8/11 星期三7(1)(1)When a relative pronoun is used as a subject When a relative
12、 pronoun is used as a subject in the clause,the verb must in the clause,the verb must agree with the agree with the antecedent in person and number.antecedent in person and number.(2)(2)When the antecedent is the structure When the antecedent is the structure“one“one of+n.(pl.)”,of+n.(pl.)”,the verb
13、 in the clause must be plural,the verb in the clause must be plural,agrees with the plural form.However,if there agrees with the plural form.However,if there is is“the”or“the only very”before“one”,“the”or“the only very”before“one”,the the verb in the clause must be singular,agrees with verb in the c
14、lause must be singular,agrees with the word“one”.the word“one”.Conclusion 1:Conclusion 1:2021/8/11 星期三8Practice:Complete the following sentences Practice:Complete the following sentences with suitable relatives:with suitable relatives:1.1.The time _ I went to Tokyo is in 1982.The time _ I went to To
15、kyo is in 1982.2.Ill never forget the time _2.Ill never forget the time _ I spent at college._ I spent at college.3.The shop 3.The shop _ I bought the book in I bought the book in is big.is big.4.The shop _4.The shop _ I bought the book is big._ I bought the book is big.Conclusion 2:Conclusion 2:whe
16、n the antecedent is a noun for time when the antecedent is a noun for time or place or place“when”“when”or“or“where”where”is not always used to is not always used to introduce the clause.It depends on the function of the introduce the clause.It depends on the function of the relative word in the cla
17、use.relative word in the clause.when/thatwhich/thatwhich/thatwhere/in which2021/8/11 星期三9The Difference Between“that”and“which”.Complete the following sentences with“that”or“which”.1.This is the 2nd article _ I have written in English.2.It is the best film _ he has ever seen.3.This is the very book
18、_ I want to read.4.All _ they told me surprised me.5.They talked about the teachers and schools _ they had visited.thatthatthatthatthat2021/8/11 星期三106.Who is the comrade _ was there?6.Who is the comrade _ was there?7.There is a bed in the room _is still vacant.7.There is a bed in the room _is still
19、 vacant.8.Our village is no longer the place _ it 8.Our village is no longer the place _ it used to be.used to be.9.9.He paid the boy$10 for washing the windows,He paid the boy$10 for washing the windows,most of _ hadnt been cleaned at least most of _ hadnt been cleaned at least a year.a year.10.The
20、 weather turned out to be very good,10.The weather turned out to be very good,_ was more than we could expect._ was more than we could expect.11.The clever boy made a hole in the wall,11.The clever boy made a hole in the wall,through _ he could see what was going on through _ he could see what was g
21、oing on inside the house.inside the house.thatthatthatwhich whichwhich2021/8/11 星期三11Conclusion 3:Conclusion 3:When the antecedent refers to thing(s),“that”is When the antecedent refers to thing(s),“that”is often used in the following cases:often used in the following cases:(1)(1)After ordinal numbe
22、r and superlatives After ordinal number and superlatives(2)(2)After the following words:all,only,little,After the following words:all,only,little,few,much,very,none,last,just,any(thing),few,much,very,none,last,just,any(thing),every(thing),some(thing),no(thing).every(thing),some(thing),no(thing).(3)(
23、3)After two or more antecedents,referring After two or more antecedents,referring to both person(s)and thing(s).to both person(s)and thing(s).(4)(4)After interrogative pronouns“which”or After interrogative pronouns“which”or “who”.“who”.2021/8/11 星期三12(5)(5)When the relative pronoun is used as a pred
24、ictive When the relative pronoun is used as a predictive in the clause.in the clause.(6)(6)When the main clause begins with“there be”.When the main clause begins with“there be”.In the following cases,“which”is always used.In the following cases,“which”is always used.After prepositionsAfter prepositi
25、ons to introduce a non-restrictive attributive to introduce a non-restrictive attributive clause.clause.The whole main sentence is the“antecedent”The whole main sentence is the“antecedent”of the relative clause,and there is of the relative clause,and there is always a comma.always a comma.2021/8/11
26、星期三131.1.Tell me the reason _ you were late for class.Tell me the reason _ you were late for class.2.Who is the girl _ is speaking there?2.Who is the girl _ is speaking there?3.This is Mr.Smith,_ has something interesting to 3.This is Mr.Smith,_ has something interesting to tell you.tell you.4.The c
27、omputer _ CPU doesnt work has to be 4.The computer _ CPU doesnt work has to be repaired.repaired.whythatwhowhoseFill in the blanks with suitable relatives to complete the following sentences.2021/8/11 星期三145.This kind of computer,_ is well-known,is out of date.6.This is just the place _ Ive been lon
28、ging to visit for years.7.His mother is an engineer,_ makes him very proud.8.The old man has 4 sons,three of _ are doctors.whichthatwhichwhom2021/8/11 星期三15一、从词类上区别一、从词类上区别同位语从句前面的名词只能是同位语从句前面的名词只能是idea,fact,news,hope,idea,fact,news,hope,belief,suggestion,proposal,word,thought,doubt,belief,suggestio
29、n,proposal,word,thought,doubt,truth,possibility,promise,ordertruth,possibility,promise,order等表示抽象意义的名等表示抽象意义的名词。而定语从句的先行词可以是名词、代词、主句的一部词。而定语从句的先行词可以是名词、代词、主句的一部分或整个主句。分或整个主句。如：如：We are looking into the question whether he is worth We are looking into the question whether he is worth trusting.trustin
30、g.我们正在调查的是他是否值得信赖的问题（同位语从句）我们正在调查的是他是否值得信赖的问题（同位语从句）Word came that he had gone abroad.Word came that he had gone abroad.据说他已经出国了。（同位语从句）据说他已经出国了。（同位语从句）The Difference Between the Attributive Clause and the The Difference Between the Attributive Clause and the Appositive ClauseAppositive Clause 2021/
31、8/11 星期三16The doctor whom you are looking for is in the room.你找的那位医生在房间里面。你找的那位医生在房间里面。（定语从句，名词（定语从句，名词the doctorthe doctor作先行词）作先行词）Our team has won the game,which makes us very happy.(定语从句，定语从句，whichwhich代表前面提到的整个句子代表前面提到的整个句子)His mother did all she could to help him with his study.他妈妈尽最大努力帮他学习。他妈
32、妈尽最大努力帮他学习。（定语从句，代词（定语从句，代词allall作先行词）作先行词）2021/8/11 星期三17二、从性质上区别二、从性质上区别 定语从句是从句对其先行词的修饰或限制，定语从句是从句对其先行词的修饰或限制，属于形容词性从句的范畴；而同位语从句是属于形容词性从句的范畴；而同位语从句是从句对前面抽象名词的进一步说明和解释，从句对前面抽象名词的进一步说明和解释，属于名词性从句的范畴。如：属于名词性从句的范畴。如：The news that our team has won the game The news that our team has won the game is tr
33、ue.is true.我们队赢了那场比赛的消息是真的。我们队赢了那场比赛的消息是真的。（同位语从句，补充说明（同位语从句，补充说明newsnews的内容。）的内容。）The news(that)he told me yesterday is true.The news(that)he told me yesterday is true.昨天他告诉我的那个消息是真的。昨天他告诉我的那个消息是真的。(定语从句，定语从句，that that 从句作定语修饰从句作定语修饰news)news)2021/8/11 星期三18I made a promise that if anyone set me fr
34、ee I made a promise that if anyone set me free I would make him very rich.I would make him very rich.我许诺如果谁让我自由，我就让他非常富有。我许诺如果谁让我自由，我就让他非常富有。(同位语从句，补充说明同位语从句，补充说明promise)promise)The mother made a promise that pleased all her The mother made a promise that pleased all her children.children.妈妈做出了一个令她的
35、孩子们高兴的许诺。妈妈做出了一个令她的孩子们高兴的许诺。（定语从句，（定语从句，thatthat从句作定语修饰从句作定语修饰promisepromise。）。）2021/8/11 星期三19三、从引导词及其在句子中的成份上区别有些三、从引导词及其在句子中的成份上区别有些引导词引导词如如how,whether,whathow,whether,what可以引导同位语从句，可以引导同位语从句，但不能但不能引导定语从句。如：引导定语从句。如：That question whether we need it has not been That question whether we need it ha
36、s not been considered.considered.我们是否需要它这个问题还没有考虑。（同位语从句）我们是否需要它这个问题还没有考虑。（同位语从句）I have no idea what has happened to him.I have no idea what has happened to him.我不知道他发生了什么事。（同位语从句）我不知道他发生了什么事。（同位语从句）引导词引导词thatthat引导定语从句时，在从句中一般作主语引导定语从句时，在从句中一般作主语或宾语（指物时还可以用或宾语（指物时还可以用whichwhich代替），并且作宾语时代替），并且作宾语时常
37、常省略。常常省略。ThatThat在同位语从句中仅起连接作用，不充当在同位语从句中仅起连接作用，不充当任何成份，并且不能省略，也不能用任何成份，并且不能省略，也不能用whichwhich来代替。来代替。2021/8/11 星期三20 The order that we(should)send a few people The order that we(should)send a few people to help the other groups was received yesterday.to help the other groups was received yesterday.我
38、们应派几个人去帮助别的几个小组的命令昨天我们应派几个人去帮助别的几个小组的命令昨天已收到了。已收到了。（同位语从句，是对（同位语从句，是对orderorder的具体解释，的具体解释，thatthat虽不作成份，但不能省略）虽不作成份，但不能省略）The order(that)we received yesterday was The order(that)we received yesterday was that we(should)send a few people to help the that we(should)send a few people to help the other
39、 groups.other groups.我们昨天收到的命令是我们应该派几个人去帮助别我们昨天收到的命令是我们应该派几个人去帮助别的几个小组。的几个小组。（定语从句，是名词（定语从句，是名词orderorder的修饰语，的修饰语，thatthat在从句中作在从句中作receivedreceived的宾语，可以省略）的宾语，可以省略）2021/8/11 星期三21从从A A、B B、C C、D D四个选项中，选出可以填入四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。空白处的最佳选项。1.1.Along with the letter was his promise _ Along with the
40、letter was his promise _ he would visit me this coming Christmas.he would visit me this coming Christmas.A.which B.that C.what D.whetherA.which B.that C.what D.whether2.Luckily,wed brought a road map without_ 2.Luckily,wed brought a road map without_ we would have lost our way.we would have lost our
41、 way.A.it B.that C.this D.whichA.it B.that C.this D.which3.There is a new problem involved in the 3.There is a new problem involved in the popularity of private cars _road conditions need .popularity of private cars _road conditions need .A.that;to be improved B.which;to be improvedA.that;to be impr
42、oved B.which;to be improved C.where;improving D.when;improving C.where;improving D.when;improvingBDA2021/8/11 星期三225.Information has been put forward _ 5.Information has been put forward _ more middle school graduates will be more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.admitted i
43、nto universities.A.while B.that C.when D.asA.while B.that C.when D.as6.The fact came up _ specific speech sounds are 6.The fact came up _ specific speech sounds are recognized by babies as young as 6 months old.recognized by babies as young as 6 months old.A.what B.which C.that D.whoseA.what B.which
44、 C.that D.whose7.A decision was made _ those who 7.A decision was made _ those who wanted to get a job in the factory would not wanted to get a job in the factory would not be allowed to stay.be allowed to stay.A.what B.when C.which D.thatA.what B.when C.which D.thatBCD2021/8/11 星期三238.The question
45、came up at the meeting _ 8.The question came up at the meeting _ we had enough money for our research.we had enough money for our research.A.A.that B.what C.which D.whetherthat B.what C.which D.whether9.The reason _ he is late is _ there was 9.The reason _ he is late is _ there was a breakdown on th
46、e railway.a breakdown on the railway.A.why;why B.why;thatA.why;why B.why;thatC.because;that D.that;becauseC.because;that D.that;becauseDB2021/8/11 星期三24强调句型的句式结构为：强调句型的句式结构为：“It is/was+“It is/was+被强调部被强调部分分+that/who+that/who从句从句”。在强调时间、地点、原因或方式状语时，一律在强调时间、地点、原因或方式状语时，一律用用thatthat，而不用，而不用when,whywhen
47、,why或或howhow；在强调主语和宾语时，如果主语和宾语指代人，在强调主语和宾语时，如果主语和宾语指代人，则可用则可用whowho和和whomwhom来代替来代替that,that,但是从句中的人称和数要与被强调的主语和宾语但是从句中的人称和数要与被强调的主语和宾语保持一致。这些都容易与定语从句混淆。保持一致。这些都容易与定语从句混淆。The Difference Between the Attributive Clause The Difference Between the Attributive Clause and the Emphasis Structureand the Emp
48、hasis Structure2021/8/11 星期三25定语从句和强调句型的判断方法：定语从句和强调句型的判断方法：若将句中的若将句中的“It is/was”“It is/was”和和“that/who”“that/who”去掉，而句子不缺成分，去掉，而句子不缺成分，结构完整，说明原句是强调句型；若句子结构不结构完整，说明原句是强调句型；若句子结构不完整，则说明原句为定语从句。完整，则说明原句为定语从句。1.It was not until 1920 _ regular radio 1.It was not until 1920 _ regular radio broadcasts beg
49、an.(1995 broadcasts began.(1995高考卷高考卷)A.while B.which C.that D.sinceA.while B.which C.that D.since2._ was his kindness that everyone praised 2._ was his kindness that everyone praised him.him.A.It B.What C.So D.SuchA.It B.What C.So D.SuchCA2021/8/11 星期三263.It is the ability to do the job _ matters n
50、ot where 3.It is the ability to do the job _ matters not where you come from or what you are.(2000you come from or what you are.(2000高考卷高考卷)A.one B.that C.what D.itA.one B.that C.what D.it4.It was _ he came to Macao _ he knew what 4.It was _ he came to Macao _ he knew what kind of place it was.kind