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1、专题六专题六 史地常识型阅读理解史地常识型阅读理解专题六史地常识型阅读理解专题六史地常识型阅读理解2021/8/9 星期一1专题导读专题导读专题六专题六 专题导读专题导读 史史地地常常识识型型文文章章通通常常介介绍绍异异域域风风光光，历历史史事事件件，进进一一步步扩扩大大我我们们的的视视野野和和对对其其他他国国家家，尤尤其其是是对对英英语语国国家家的的了了解解。因因此此史地常识型文章经常出现在高考阅读理解中，其趋势是：史地常识型文章经常出现在高考阅读理解中，其趋势是：1选材：英语国家的主要名胜或历史事件，历史年代。选材：英语国家的主要名胜或历史事件，历史年代。2命题：以细节题为主，有部分推断题
2、。命题：以细节题为主，有部分推断题。3知识：涉及一定的地理常识或历史知识。知识：涉及一定的地理常识或历史知识。史史地地常常识识型型文文章章多多以以细细节节题题为为主主，着着重重考考查查考考生生理理解解文文中中具体信息的能力。细节题一般分为以下几类：具体信息的能力。细节题一般分为以下几类：2021/8/9 星期一2专题六专题六 专题导读专题导读1排排序序题题：根根据据事事件件发发生生的的先先后后顺顺序序和和句句子子间间的的逻逻辑辑关关系系，找找出出事事件件的的正正确确顺顺序序。一一般般采采用用“首首尾尾定定位位法法”来来做做题题。即先确定出第一个和最后一个事件，缩小范围，得出答案。即先确定出第一
3、个和最后一个事件，缩小范围，得出答案。2图图文文转转换换题题：根根据据短短文文描描写写找找出出相相应应图图形形或或根根据据图图形形找找出出答答案案。一一般般采采用用“文文史史锁锁定定法法”，(找找出出文文字字，按按“文文”定定“图图”)或或“图形标示法图形标示法”(在图中标出内容，以便理解在图中标出内容，以便理解)。3数数字字换换算算题题：根根据据数数据据，找找出出换换算算关关系系，计计算算并并得得出出答案。答案。2021/8/9 星期一3专题六专题六 专题导读专题导读 4表表格格理理解解题题：看看懂懂行行和和列列分分别别代代表表的的意意义义，正正确确理理解解，做出选择。做出选择。5同义转换题
4、。同义转换题。6代代词词指指代代题题：理理清清人人物物、事事件件间间的的逻逻辑辑关关系系，使使人人物物、事件更加条理化，简明化。事件更加条理化，简明化。2021/8/9 星期一4专题六专题六 真题典例真题典例真题典例真题典例 2011安安徽徽卷卷 Think about the different ways that people use the wind.You can use it to fly a kite or to sail a boat.Wind is one of our cleanest and richest power sources(来来源源),as well as on
5、e of the oldest.Evidence shows that windmills(风风车车)began to be used in ancient Iran back in the seventh century BC.They were first introduced to Europe during the 1100s，when armies returned from the Middle East with knowledge of using wind power.2021/8/9 星期一5专题六专题六 真题典例真题典例 For many centuries,people
6、 used windmills to grind(磨磨碎碎)wheat into flour or pump water from deep underground.When electricity was discovered in the late 1800s，people living in remote areas began to use them to produce electricity.This allowed them to have electric lights and radio.However,by the 1940s when electricity was av
7、ailable to people in almost all areas of the United States,windmills were rarely used.2021/8/9 星期一6专题六专题六 真题典例真题典例 During the 1970s，people started becoming concerned about the pollution that is created when coal and gas are burned to produce electricity.People also realized that the supply of coal a
8、nd gas would not last forever.Then,wind was rediscovered,though it means higher costs.Today,there is a global movement to supply more and more of our electricity through the use of wind.【解解析析】本本文文是是一一篇篇说说明明文文。主主要要介介绍绍人人们们使使用用风风的的几几种种不不同同方方式式。可可以以放放风风筝筝，可可以以扬扬帆帆航航行行，还还是是最最清清洁洁最最丰丰富富的能源，很早以前人们就开始用风能发电
9、了。的能源，很早以前人们就开始用风能发电了。2021/8/9 星期一7专题六专题六 真题典例真题典例()1.From the text we know that windmills_.Awere invented by European armiesBhave a history of more than 2,800 yearsCused to supply power to radio in remote areasDhave rarely been used since electricity was discovered 【解解析析】C细细节节理理解解题题。从从第第二二段段When el
10、ectricity was discovered in the late 1800s,people living in remote areas began to use them to produce electricity.This allowed them to have electric lights and radio.可可知知风风车车在在偏偏远远的的地地区区曾曾用用来来发发电，人们可以照明和听广播。电，人们可以照明和听广播。2021/8/9 星期一8专题六专题六 真题典例真题典例()2.What was a new use for wind power in the late 19
11、th century?ASailing a boat.BProducing electricity.CGrinding wheat into flour.DPumping water from underground.【解解析析】B 细细节节理理解解题题。从从第第二二段段第第二二句句When electricity was discovered in the late 1800s,people living in remote areas began to use them to produce electricity.可可知知在在19世纪末期，人们开始用风车来发电。世纪末期，人们开始用风车来
12、发电。2021/8/9 星期一9专题六专题六 真题典例真题典例()3.One of the reasons wind was rediscovered in the 1970s is that _.Awind power is cleaner Bit is one of the oldest power sourcesCit was cheaper to create energy from wind Dthe supply of coal and gas failed to meet needs 【解解析析】A细细节节理理解解题题。从从文文章章最最后后一一段段前前两两句句可可知知“人人们们从
13、从20世世纪纪70年年代代开开始始关关注注烧烧煤煤和和气气来来发发电电产产生生的的空空气气污污染染，而而且且煤煤和和气气不不会会持持久久。”尽尽管管风风能能发发电电成成本本高高，但但是是人们还是开始重新考虑用风能发电。人们还是开始重新考虑用风能发电。2021/8/9 星期一10专题六专题六 真题典例真题典例()4.What would the author probably discuss in the paragraph that follows?AThe advantages of wind power.BThe design of wind power plants.CThe world
14、wide movement to save energy.DThe global trend towards producing power from wind.【解解析析】D推推理理判判断断题题。从从文文章章最最后后一一句句可可知知作作者者下下段可能会讨论全球用风能发电的趋势。段可能会讨论全球用风能发电的趋势。新题预测新题预测2021/8/9 星期一11专题六专题六 新题预测新题预测 (一一)Pets are no strangers to the White House.Many of Americas Presidents have been animal lovers.In recen
15、t times,White House pets have been tame dogs and cats.Long ago,however,presidential pets,like our nation itself,were wilder!新题预测新题预测2021/8/9 星期一12专题六专题六 新题预测新题预测In 1806,President Thomas Jefferson lived in the White House.Passersby often caught sight of his pet bears.Explorers had discovered these fi
16、erce bears,caught a pair of small ones,and sent them to Jefferson.While the President was excited about his bears,his enemies in Congress constantly laughed at his pets,calling the White House“The Presidents Bear Garden”2021/8/9 星期一13专题六专题六 新题预测新题预测 By 1825,the bears were long gone from the White Ho
17、use scene.Now the building was home to President John Quincy Adams and his crocodile.The green beast actually belonged to General Lafayette,a French hero who had helped the United States win the Revolutionary War.When Lafayette asked Adams to keep the crocodile for him,the President couldnt refuse.W
18、hile President Adams babysat the huge crocodile,First Lady Louisa Adams was busy raising thousands of silkworms.She used the silk from the silkworms to make cloth for her dresses.2021/8/9 星期一14专题六专题六 新题预测新题预测 When President Martin Van Buren moved into the White House in 1837,he brought his tigers wi
19、th him.At least,Van Buren said the tigers were his.The Sultan of Oman had sent the tigers when Van Buren was elected,so Congress argued that the cats belonged to the American people.A fight over the tigers continued for months.In the end,Congress sent someone to seize the tigers and put them in a zo
20、o.2021/8/9 星期一15专题六专题六 新题预测新题预测 Twenty years later,President James Buchanan received another valuable gift when he was in his first year in the White House.This time,the King of Siam sent several elephants!Buchanan had no desire to share his building with the big creatures,so he sent them to the zoo
21、.Buchanan did,however,keep another gift a pair of birds.They were a fitting symbol of presidential power.【解解析析】饲饲养养宠宠物物一一直直是是西西方方人人的的喜喜好好，然然而而在在白白宫宫内内总总统统饲饲养养宠宠物物还还是是一一件件新新鲜鲜事事。本本文文以以时时间间为为顺顺序序详详细细讲讲述述了了美国总统饲养宠物的趣事。美国总统饲养宠物的趣事。2021/8/9 星期一16专题六专题六 新题预测新题预测()1.According to the passage,we can infer th
22、at_.Athe pets the Presidents raised were all huge onesBthe pets the Presidents owned were all their favorite onesCthe Presidents kept the pets not only at home but in the zooDthe Presidents pets were not only cared about by their families 【解析】【解析】D推理判断题。可用排除法。推理判断题。可用排除法。2021/8/9 星期一17专题六专题六 新题预测新题预
23、测()2.How did the Presidents mentioned get their unusual pets?AThey got them in the forest.BThey bought them at the market.CThe pets were given to them by others.DTheir family members offered them the pets.【解解析析】C细细节节理理解解题题。文文章章中中一一共共提提到到Thomas Jefferson,John Quincy Adams,Martin Van Buren,James Bucha
24、nan等美国总统，他们的宠物都是别人赠送的。等美国总统，他们的宠物都是别人赠送的。2021/8/9 星期一18专题六专题六 新题预测新题预测()3.What similar political effect did Jeffersons bears and Van Burens tigers have?AThe pets made them happy and gay.BIt took them too much time to look after them.CIt made people believe that they were animal lovers.D It brought a
25、bout dissatisfaction with them in Congress.2021/8/9 星期一19专题六专题六 新题预测新题预测 【解解析析】D细细节节理理解解题题。由由第第二二段段的的his enemies in Congress constantly laughed at his pets,calling the White House“The Presidents Bear Garden”和和 第第 四四 段段 的的 so Congress argued that the cats belonged to the American people.A fight over
26、the tigers continued for months.可可知知这这两两位总统在白宫养宠物引起了国会的反对。位总统在白宫养宠物引起了国会的反对。2021/8/9 星期一20专题六专题六 新题预测新题预测 ()4.President James Buchanan got elephants,while President Bill Clinton,who came to power about _ years later,kept dogs as pets.Anearly two hundred Bover one hundred and thirty Cabout one hundre
27、d Daround forty five 【解解析析】B 由由文文章章最最后后一一段段可可知知President James Buchanan得得到到大大象象时时是是在在1857年年，而而Bill Clinton是是在在1992年年竞选当总统的，相距竞选当总统的，相距135余年了，因此选项余年了，因此选项B为答案。为答案。2021/8/9 星期一21专题六专题六 新题预测新题预测 (二二)ISLANDS in the world are famous for different things.But Hawaii is special for its variety of features.B
28、eautiful sandy beaches,active volcanoes(火火山山),a great canyon(溪溪谷谷)and special history and culture add up to create its famously romantic atmosphere.Formed by volcanoes at the bottom of the sea,the Hawaii islands are like a necklace(项项链链)in the middle of the Pacific Ocean,6,000 kilometres off the wes
29、t coast of Mexico.There are eight main islands in the group：Hawaii(or Big Island),Maui,Kahoolawe,Lanai,Molokai,Oahu,Kauai,and Niihau.2021/8/9 星期一22专题六专题六 新题预测新题预测The youngest and biggest island,also called Hawaii was formed 430,000 years ago and is still growing.Kauai,the oldest was formed 5.1 milli
30、on years ago.For tourists,the sight of the lava(熔熔岩岩)that still flows from some of the volcanoes down to the sea,is a major attraction.Hawaii is the newest and smallest state in the US.In 1900 the islands joined the US.In modern history it will always be remembered for the attack on Pearl Harbor by
31、the Japanese air force 1941.2021/8/9 星期一23专题六专题六 新题预测新题预测About 1,000 years ago the islands were settled by Polynesians(波波利利尼尼西西亚亚人人)Captain James Cook led the first group of Westerners there in 1778.Native Hawaiians have a special culture and languages.Although nowadays English is the official langu
32、age of Hawaii,folk music and dancing are still widely practiced.The traditional dance of the islands is the hula,a Hawaiian word that means dance.2021/8/9 星期一24专题六专题六 新题预测新题预测 Hawaiis reputation for romance was spread when Hollywood started to use its typical music in movies in the 1960s.Today,Hawai
33、i is famous for its mix of cultures.Chinese,Japanese and Filipinos all live there.Chinese arrived in the islands as early as the late 18th century.Dr Sun Yat sen,the famous Chinese revolutionary,grew up there.2021/8/9 星期一25专题六专题六 新题预测新题预测 Everyone in Hawaii is a member of an ethnic minority(少少数数民民族族
34、)and generally they exist in a pleasant harmony(和和谐谐)of races and cultures.【解解析析】本本文文是是说说明明文文。全全文文说说明明了了夏夏威威夷夷的的形形成成以以及及自自然与人文风情。然与人文风情。2021/8/9 星期一26专题六专题六 新题预测新题预测()1.Which of the following directly led to the formation of the Hawaii islands?AThe sea.BThe volcanoes.CThe violent meeting of the eart
35、hs different plates.DThe nonstop turning of the earth.【解解析析】B 细细节节理理解解题题。从从第第二二段段Formed by volcanoes at the bottom of the sea 我们可以得出答案。我们可以得出答案。2021/8/9 星期一27专题六专题六 新题预测新题预测 ()2.Which of the following shows the correct order of the listed events?aJapan attacked Hawaii.bThe Hawaii islands became part
36、 of the US.cHawaii began to be known for romance.dFirst group of Chinese settled there.Ad,b,c,a Bb,d,a,c Cd,b,a,c Db,a,d,c 2021/8/9 星期一28专题六专题六 新题预测新题预测 【解解析析】C细细节节理理解解题题。从从文文中中Chinese arrived in the islands as early as the late 18th century我我们们知知道道d 排排在在第第一一位位，因因此此排排除除B，D。从从文文章章知知日日本本空空军军在在1941年年袭袭
37、击击珍珍珠珠港港，从从短短文文倒倒数数第第四四段段知知Hawaii began to be known for romance 是是在二十世纪六十年代。在二十世纪六十年代。2021/8/9 星期一29专题六专题六 新题预测新题预测 ()3.Native Hawaiians come from _.AAsia Bthe West CSouth America DPolynesia 【解解析析】D细细节节理理解解题题。从从About 1,000 years ago the islands were settled by Polynesians我们可以得出答案。我们可以得出答案。2021/8/9 星期一30专题六专题六 新题预测新题预测()4.The main idea of the story is about Hawaiis _.Ahistory BgeographyCculture Dfeatures 【解解析析】D主主旨旨大大意意题题。全全文文既既讲讲了了夏夏威威夷夷的的地地理理概概况，又讲了它的历史，因此况，又讲了它的历史，因此D为最佳答案。为最佳答案。2021/8/9 星期一312021/8/9 星期一32