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1、Book 4 Unit 3The Kind of Work Daddy DoesIt is not surprising that modern children tend to look blank and dispirited when informed that they will someday have to “go to work and make a living.” The fact is they cannot visualize what work is in corporate America.Not long ago, when a parent said he was
2、 off to work, the child knew very well what was about to happen. His parent was going to make something or fix something. The parent could take his offspring to his place of business and let him watch while he repaired a car or built a table. When a child asked, What kind of work do you do, Daddy? H
3、is father could answer in terms that a child could come to grips with.” I fix steam engines.” I make horse collars”Well, a few fathers still fix engines and build things, but most do not. Nowadays, most fathers sit in glass buildings performing tasks that are absolutely incomprehensible to children.
4、 The answers they gave when asked, “What kind of work do you do, Daddy?” are likely to be very puzzling to the child.“I sell space.” “I do market research.” “I am a data processor.” “I am in public relations.” “I am a system analyst.” Such explanations must seem nonsense to a child. How can he possi
5、bly imagine anyone analyzing a system or researching a market?Even grown men who do market research have trouble visualizing what a public relations man does with his day, and it is a safe bet that the average systems analyst is as puzzled about what a space salesman does at the shop as the average
6、space salesman is about the tools needed to analyze a system.In the common everyday job, nothing is made any more. Things are now made by machines. Very little is repaired. The machines that make things make them in such a fashion that they will quickly fall apart in such a way that repairs will be
7、too expensive. Thus the buyer is encouraged to throw the thing away and buy a new one. In effect, the machines are making junk. The handful of people remotely associated with these machines can, of course, tell their inquisitive children “Daddy makes junk.” Most of the work force, however, is too re
8、mote from junk production to sense any contribution to the industry. What do these people do?Consider the typical twelve-story glass building in the typical American city. Nothing is being made in this building and nothing is being repaired, including the building itself. Constructed as a piece of j
9、unk, the building will be discarded when it wears out, and another piece of junk will be set in its place. Still, the building is filled with people who think of themselves as working. At any given moment during the day, perhaps one-third of them will be talking into telephone. Most of these convers
10、ations will be about paper, for paper is what occupies nearly everyone in this building.Some jobs in the building require men to fill paper with words. There are persons who type neatly on paper and persons who read paper and jot notes in the margins. Some persons make copies of paper and other pers
11、ons deliver paper. There are persons who file paper and persons who unfile paper. Some persons mail paper. Some persons telephone other persons and ask that paper be sent to them. Others telephone to ascertain the whereabouts of paper. Some persons confer about paper. In the grandest offices, men ap
12、prove of some paper and disapprove of other paper. The elevators are filled throughout the day with young men carrying paper from floor to floor and with vital men carrying paper to be discussed with other vital men. What is a child to make of all this? His father may be so important that he lunches
13、 with other men about paper. Suppose he brings his son to work to give the boy some idea of what is all about. What does the boy see happening? His father calls for paper. He reads paper. Perhaps he makes an angry red mark on paper. He telephones another man and says they had better lunch over paper
14、. At lunch they talk about paper. Back at the office, the father orders the paper retyped and reproduced in quintuplicate, and then sent to another man for comparison with paper that was reproduced in triplicate last year. Imagine his poor son afterwards thinking about the mysteries of work with a f
15、riend, who asks him, “What does your father do?” What can the boy reply? “It beats me,” perhaps, if he is not very observant. Or if he is, “Something that has to do with making junk, I think. Same as everybody else.”Statements1. According to the author, modern children feel disheartened when they ha
16、ve to go to work, because they fear the prospect of having to earn their own living. 2. In the past, a child understood his fathers job better because most of the jobs at that time were of a more functional nature. 3. Men engaged in market research know the work of a man in public relations no bette
17、r than an average systems analyst about the work of an average space salesman. 4. By making the remark that “the machines are making junk”, the author means the machines no longer make things people need. 5. Nowadays, it is cheaper for people to buy new stuff than to repair the old one. 6: Many work
18、ers may feel that their work is so abstract that sometimes they doubt if they are contributing to the industry. 7. A paper-centered working environment has been created in most working places for greater efficiency. 8. In the very last paragraph, when the boy says “It beats me,” he means he was over
19、whelmed with pride for what his father does.9. From this passage, we may see the author speaks highly of modern work brought by advanced technology. 10. If a child were to observe his father at work nowadays, he would be puzzled at seeing his father dealing only with paper all the time. 答案: 1-5: F T
20、 T F T 6-10: T N F F T(Key: D)1. He was driven out of the house by the landlady since he had failed to pay his _ for two months. A) bill B) fee C) fare D) rent(Key: C)2. Once _ of doping (using excitant), the long distance runner will face a life ban. A) sentenced B) accused C) convicted D) condemne
21、d(Key: A)3. On this special occasion, wed love to have Eight Treasure Pudding for _ which is a specialty in this Chinese restaurant. A) dessert B) desert C) deserve D) desertion(Key: B)4. The insurance company paid the Johnsons $ 20,000 in _ after their house was burnt down. A) pension B) compensati
22、on C) commission D) substitution(Key: D)5. Some vegetables like tomatoes and carrots are more nutritious while eaten cooked than _. A) crude B) originally C) rude D) raw(Key: D)6. The defending _ snatched the gold medal by setting a new world record. A) champagne B) campaign C) companion D) champion
23、(Key: A)7. More _ attitudes toward divorce were held responsible for the rise in divorce rate. A) liberal B) liberate C) literal D) literate(Key: B)8. You can claim a refund (退款) provided you keep the _. A) recipe B) receipt C) label D) cheque(Key: D)9. The undoubted _ of the opening ceremony was a
24、grand display of fireworks. A) height B) summit C) peak D) highlight(Key: A)10. The babysitter handed the mother a piece of paper _ that she was in good health. A) certifying B) justifying C) clarifying D) notifying (Key: B)11. Businesses _ in those few weeks; but soon an economic crisis crushed the
25、m. A) thrived B) boomed C) prospered D) flourished III. World BuildingDirections: Fill in the blanks with the appropriate word forms of the words given in the blankets. 1. Key: wolfishThe kids _ appetite showed that he had not had a decent meal for days. (wolf)2. Key: dieticianFor more professional
26、advice about a healthy weight loss, please consult our _. (diet)3. Key: hamburger-likeThese _ CD cases are the best seller in this souvenir shop. (hamburger)4. Key: reddishThis _-brown metal proves to be a good conductor of electricity. (red)5. Key: physiciansWith the rise in casualties, another med
27、ical team including both _ and nurses was sent to the earthquake-hit island. (physic)6. Key: historianIn his latest book, the distinguished British _ goes back to the 19th century to uncover the origins of such national extremism. (history)7. Key: babyishBy no means could you expect to fool your bos
28、s with such a _ story. (baby)8. Key: Biggish_ T-shirts and jeans are all the rage among youngsters this season. (big)9. Key: SpanishHispanic Americans refer to U. S. citizens of _ descent. (Spain)10. Key: deathlikeIn the _ silence, a whisper may run like sirens. (death)IV. ECT (英译汉两句) (主观题)Direction
29、s: Translate the English sentences into Chinese. 1. 答案：真需要有一位律师来捍卫福利救济对象的权利，因为这一福利体制不仅容易使福利提供者滥用权利，也很容易使福利救济对象滥用权利。1 There needs to be lawyer who can act as a champion for the rights of welfare clients, because the system so easily lends itself to abuse by the welfare givers as well as by the client
30、. 2 答案： 在这个繁忙喧嚣的世界，一层快速形成的遮蔽物遮住了我们的双眼，是他帮我揭开了它，见到了一个以前从未欣赏到的崭新世界。2 He had helped me lift the veil that grows so quickly over our eyes in this busy world, to see a whole new realm Id failed to appreciate before. 5. Guided WritingDirections: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composi
31、tion on Love and Care for the Handicapped according to the Chinese outline, and you must use at least 120 words. Title: Love and Care for the Handicapped 关爱残疾人1 残疾人作为社会的一个特殊群体需要更多的关爱和帮助。2 关爱残疾人重在转变观念，即把他们视为独立、平等的个体，同时我们还应该致力于为残疾人创造一个更便利的生活环境。3 残疾人也有自己的优势，所以在关爱残疾人的同时我们自己也将受益匪浅。China has an estimated
32、83 million disabled people, accounting for about 6.3 percent of the countrys population. To ensure a better life for this special group of people, it calls for more love and care from the rest of the society. However, nowadays some people still harbored some kind of prejudice against the handicapped
33、. Therefore, a change in their attitudes is of top priority. Just as the sign language hostess from the China Disabled Art Performing Troupe, Jiang xintian, often “said” with her hands that “Life is full of ups and downs, and our life is not unlucky but just inconvenient.”, so the best way to show o
34、ur love and care is to offer them the respect and dignity bestowed with every individual. Only when we treat them as equals would they enjoy the opportunity to become more independent members of this society and fulfill their dreams confidently. In addition, joined efforts should be devoted to creat
35、ing a more convenient living environment for the handicapped. Among the many other things we can do for them is the construction and installation of barrier-free facilities, such as special lanes for the blind, low chassis (底架，底盘) barrier-free buses, or wheelchair ramps (坡道) in public places, which
36、will not only greatly ease the lives of the handicapped but also benefit any ordinary individual such as a mother with a baby stroller. As the saying goes “When God closes a door, He opens a window.”, most physically-challenged people have their own strengths. Either the acute sense of hearing of a
37、blind, or the expressive body language of a deaf and dumb may serve as a perfect example. What impressed us most deeply would be the optimism, courage and perseverance showed by those disabled athletes, and it is they who help us to gain new insights into the true meaning of life. Thus, while we are
38、 extending a helping hand to the physically-challenged, we are virtually learning even more from them, learning a more positive attitude towards life and learning to be a more complete human being. B4U4 The Jeaning of America and the WorldThis is the story of a sturdy American symbol which has now s
39、pread throughout most of the world. The symbol is not the dollar. It is not even Coca-Cola. It is a simple pair of pants called blue jeans, and what the pants symbolize is what Alexis de Tocqueville called “a manly and legitimate passion for equality” Blue jeans are favored equally by bureaucrats an
40、d cowboys, bankers and deadbeats, fashion designers and beer drinkers. They draw no distinctions and recognize no classes; they are merely American. Yet they are sought after almost everywhere in the world. They have been around for a long time, and it seems likely that they will outlive even the ne
41、cktie.This ubiquitous American symbol was the invention of a Bavarian-born Jew. His name was Levi Strauss.He was born in Bad Ocheim, Germany, in 1829, and during the European political disorder of 1848 decided to take his chances in New York, to which his two brothers already had emigrated. For two
42、years he was a lowly peddler, hauling sundries (杂货) door-to-door to eke out (维持) a hand-to-mouth living. When a married sister in San Francisco offered to pay his way West in 1850, he jumped at the opportunity, taking with him bolts of canvas he hoped to sell for making tents.It was the wrong kind o
43、f canvas for that purpose, but while talking with a miner, he learned that pants sturdy pants that would stand up to the rigors of the diggings were almost impossible to find. Opportunity beckoned. On the spot, Strauss measured the mans waist and inseam with a piece of string and, for six dollars in
44、 gold dust, had the canvas tailored into a pair of stiff but rugged pants. The miner was delighted with the result, word got around about “those pants of Levis,” and Strauss was in business. The company has been in business ever since.When Strauss ran out of canvas, he wrote his two brothers to send
45、 more. He received instead a rough, brown cotton cloth made in Nimes, France called serge de Nimes and swiftly shortened to “denim”(the word “jeans” derives from Genes, the French word for Gennoa, where a similar cloth was produced). Almost from the first, Strauss had his cloth dyed the distinctive
46、indigo that gave blue jeans their name, but it was not until the 1870s that he added the copper rivets (铆钉) which have long since become a company trademark. Over the following years the company prospered locally and by the time of his death in 1902, Strauss had become a man of prominence in Califor
47、nia. For three decades thereafter the business remained profitable though small. From a company with fifteen salespeople, two plants, and almost no business east of Mississippi in 1946, the organization grew in thirty years to include a sales force of more than twenty-two thousand, with fifty plants
48、 and offices in thirty-five countries. Each year, more than 250,000,000 items of Levis clothing are sold including more than 83, 000,000 pairs of riveted blue jeans. They have become, through marketing, word of mouth, and demonstrable reliability, the common pants of America. They can be purchased pre-washed, pre-faded, and pre-shrunk for the suitably proletarian look.The pants have become a tradition, and along the way