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1、2022-2023 高三上英语期末模拟试卷 注意事项：1答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号、考场号和座位号填写在试题卷和答题卡上。用 2B 铅笔将试卷类型（B）填涂在答题卡相应位置上。将条形码粘贴在答题卡右上角条形码粘贴处。2作答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用 2B 铅笔把答题卡上对应题目选项的答案信息点涂黑；如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案。答案不能答在试题卷上。3非选择题必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内相应位置上；如需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新答案；不准使用铅笔和涂改液。不按以上要求作答无效。4考生必须保证答题卡的整洁。考试结束后，
2、请将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分（共 20 小题，每小题 1.5 分，满分 30 分）1With people paying attention to fitness,self-service mini-gyms,each covering about 5 square meters,_ in Chinas major cities these years.Ahave sprung up Bsprang up Chad sprung up Dspring up 2-Do you think I should join the singing group,Mary?-_ If I were
3、in your shoes,I certainly would.ANone of your business BIt depends.CWhy not?DI dont think so.3The witness an important detail when describing the accident.Abrought out Bkept off Cleft out Dran into 4Its impossible for all the people to get jobs because _of them is not fit for them.Aevery one Ball Cn
4、ot all Dnone 5He always keeps an eye on shortcomings of his brothers _ refusing to admit his own mistakes.Abut Bwhile Calthough Dthough 6It is not how much money you will give us but that you are present at the ceremony _ really matters.Awhich Bit Cwhat Dthat 7Meyer and his team were the first _ how
5、 the disease spreads from animals to humans.Ashowing Bshow Cto show Dshown 8She is stubborn in resisting his enquiries about the Moonstone _ the degree that she makes it seem as if she does not want the mystery _.Aon;to solve Bwith;solving Cfor;being solved Dto;to be solved 9The necklace the woman b
6、ought is ,because it is made of glass.Apriceless Bworthwhile Cvaluable Dworthless 10语音知识(共 5 小题；每小题 l 分，满分 5 分)从 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，找出其划线部分与所给单词的划线部分读音相同的 选项。并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。11 Advertising often functions as an indicator for _ society considers to be socially acceptable and desirable at the time.Awhat Bwheth
7、er Chow Dwhich 12To tell the truth,I didnt expect that there were so many people _ the idea.Asupported Bsupporting Cto support Dhaving supported 13What did the doctor say about your injury?She said I should avoid doing too much exercise _ it feels better.Auntil Bsince Cif Dwhile 14 Mummy,look at my
8、gloves.I need a new pair._.I bought them for you only a week ago!AYou bet BYou said it CYou dont say DYou name it 15 Thanks to Mr.Smith,the father and the son eventually _after ten years cold relationship between them.Atook up Bmade up Clooked up Dturned up 16Our boss is too strict with us.I cant _
9、in with the work situation here.Afit Bget Cmake Dtake 17-Nowadays,buyers accustomed to prices moving upward just adopt a wait-and-see attitude.-If they continue to _,then our company is closing down.Afish in the air Bsit on the fence Cfly off the handle Dbeat around the bush 18A myth is an account o
10、f the deeds of a god or supernatural beings,usually expressed in terms of _ thought.Aprimary Bcapital Cinitial Dprimitive 19When caught _ in the exam,he begged for the teachers pardon and tried _ punishment.Acheating;escaping Bto be cheating;to escape Ccheating;to escape Dto be cheating;escaping 20-
11、My room gets very cold at night.-_.ASo is mine BSo mine is CSo does mine DSo mine does 第二部分 阅读理解（满分 40 分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。21（6 分）Fashions have a lot of rules.Most of them,however,are just wrong.But theres one rule that goes beyond tradition and into the field of scientific study of
12、 the brain:Black garments are slimming.It all comes down to how your visual system processes the light.The below holes in each square are the same in size,yet the white hole looks bigger than the black hole.In the 1500s,Galileo Galilei noticed that some of the planets looked larger when viewed with
13、the naked eye(肉眼)than they did when viewed through a telescope,making the white light of Venus(金星)appear eight to ten times larger than Jupiter(木星)in the night sky.He knew something strange must be going on with his vision to cause this illusion,but he wasnt sure what it was.Luckily,scientists never
14、 stopped wondering,and in 2014,they figured it out.Our visual system operates via two main channels:“on”neurons(神经元)that are sensitive to light things and“off”neurons that are sensitive to dark things.When it came to the dark“off”neurons,the researchers found that they responded predictably to dark
15、shapes on a light background the greater the contrast between the two,the more active these neurons were.But the light“on”neurons behaved unpredictably.Even with the same amount of contrast,light objects on a dark background caused a greater response in these neurons.This makes some sense,evolutiona
16、rily speaking.In the dark of night,youd want to be able to take in every bit of light you can get,so a visual system that enlarges light objects on a dark background could be very useful.However,its not that hard to see dark objects in the light of day.It has some effects in the colors of your cloth
17、es and in the appearance of the planets the brighter appearance of Venus in the night sky makes it look bigger than the darker Jupiter.1、What did Galileo Galilei believe according to Paragraph 2?AThe neurons led to the difference.BThere was something wrong with his telescope.CThe difference was caus
18、ed by his visual illusion.DThings were bigger when seen through telescopes.2、What do we know about the“off”neurons?AThey are sensitive to light objects.BTheir behavior cant be predicted.CThey behave differently from person to person.DTheir activeness improves with the contrast of colors.3、What does
19、the author think of the phenomenon?AIt makes people feel puzzled.BIt brings great harm to people.CIt is more common among youths.DIt is beneficial to peoples evolution.4、What is the text mainly about?AWhy we look thinner when in black.BWhat visual illusions bring to people.CHow we are affected by th
20、e fashion rules.DWhether peoples visual system is different.22（8 分）Now that my model machine works,my next engineering project will be hooking it up to the alarm system of an actual car.I want to help parents avoid the risk of forgetting by accident,which could change the familys lives forever.I hav
21、e participated in several science fair competitions,like Google Science Fair and Santa Gertrudis School Science Fair,individually and as a team with my older brothers.Broadcom MASTERS has been very important in encouraging me to pursue(探求)STEM-Science,Technology,Engineering and Mathematics.STEM is t
22、he main source of knowledge for even1 field in the world.You can find science in every activity you do and it does not have to be a complicated subject at school.This is what first interested me in it.It changed the way I saw the world.When I was presenting my project at State of Texas Science Fair
23、2017,I wasnt feeling too great,and after the judges came by,I felt like I wasnt going to win.Then I saw four families crowding around my board-I was shocked.They wanted me to present my project to them because they knew about it from the news.These parents asked me to talk to their kids and inspire
24、them.I fell very excited because I got to present the invention that led me to what I am now to the world.My current goals are to extend ranges in STEM in high school,since in middle school you are more limited.I would like to compete in the University interscholastic Team,participate in Intel ISEF,
25、compete in the Google Science Fair again,and present better projects for science fair.Instead of watching that one last plot of a TV show,go and think of how you can create something or make sense of something youre enthusiastic about.Work hard in everything you do for every moment of your life,make
26、 that one thing into the best thing,and improve your planning of the project.1、How will the author help parents avoid the risk of forgetting?ABy changing the familys lives forever.BBy fitting the alarm system in actual cars.CBy running the risking of traffic accidents.DBy making his model machine wo
27、rk well.2、What changed the way the author saw the world?AHis project presentation.BHis pursuing STEM.CHis inventive achievements.DHis attending competitions.3、Why did the four families crowd around the authors board?ATo witness his project.BTo acquire his signature.CTo purchase his patent.DTo inspir
28、e their children.4、What does the author advise us to do?ADo all to the best of our ability.BWork hard to become famous.CConsider flow to create a TV plot.DEmploy time effectively to lift us.23（8 分）Children all over the world who have tried the potato or lemon battery experiments know that an electri
29、cal current can be generated by creating a reaction between the food and two different metals.However,researchers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology have found a way to harvest power from trees.They use the same metal for both electrodes(电极)specifically in order not to confuse this effect
30、with the potato effect.While proving that trees can provide a source of power is a significant step,a key question remains:can the tiny voltage(电压)produced by a tree be used for anything useful?Now scientists are debating over how to use this power source for human benefits.The most practical thing
31、is fire alarm for forest department,originating from the tree itself.Trees electric power can charge a battery.This battery in turn will be connected to a small sensor.This sensor will power a brief radio transmission(传送).That radio signal will transport daily soil and air condition measurements to
32、a network of much larger,solar powered Forest-Service environmental monitoring stations.Those sensors wilt also give out a crisis signal in the event of a sudden rise in-air temperature-that might indicate the outbreak of a forest fire.“I truly believe it has potential,”said Victoria Henderson,branc
33、h chief for equipment and chemicals at the Forest Serviced National Interagency Fire Center.“If this can enhance(提高)our existing technology to a degree that would gain us a lot more fire protection,then wed look at a plan to purchase it for our nationwide infrastructure(基础设施),which is huge.”Research
34、ers have discovered that the greater the pH difference between the tree and the soil the more the energy will be produced.Some researchers also admit that“tree power”isnt as practical as solar energy,but believe that the system could be scaled-up as a low-cost option for powering tree sensors that h
35、elp detect environmental conditions or forest fires,Using the electronic output to keep track of a trees health is another possibility.1、Why does the author mention the potato battery experiment in the first paragraph?ATo explain what it is.BTo stress the importance of electricity.CTo introduce the
36、power source from trees.DTo encourage people to try this experiment.2、What do we know about the fire alarm mentioned in the third paragraph?AThe fire alarm can make a very loud sound.BSmoke from a fire can cause the alarm to go off.CThe electric power it needs comes from the tree.DIt has been widely
37、 used in the forest department.3、Whats Victoria Hendersons attitude towards the fire alarm system?ACautious.BFavorable.CDisapproving.DUnconcerned,4、What causes trees to create electrical currents?AThe sensor implanted in the tree.BThe new way adopted by the researchers.CThe special metal used in the
38、 battery experiment.DThe pH difference between the soil and the trees.24（8 分）Can I talk about salary at work?In a word:yes.As HR company Insperity put it in a recent blog post:Can your employees discuss their salaries or wages with their co-workers?Yes.Even if you have a company policy against it?Ye
39、s.The freedom to discuss your salary at work is a protected right under federal labor law.The National Labor Relations Act of 1935 protects your right to discuss the conditions of your employment，including issues related to safety and pay，even when youre not protected by a union.Talking about salary
40、 with colleagues can be uncomfortable，since theres such a taboo about discussing money matters，but its an important step towards achieving equal pay for equal work.One barrier，however，stems from how we think of our own financial worth.Too many people I talk to wrongly consider their salary a reflect
41、ion of their worthiness，a statement about their skills，experience，or value.At the end of the day，if we can all separate our self-worth from our salaries a bit more，itll become easier to talk frankly with our colleagues.Asking about money outright can be tough，so one trick Ive picked up along the way
42、 is to ask for your colleagues to confirm or deny.For instance，you might volunteer your salary first and ask“Does that sound about right to you?”by way of comparison.Or，lets say youre interviewing for a promotion to become a manager.You might ask a fellow manager about the kind of salary you should
43、expect by saying，“Im seeing salaries for this kind of position ranging from$65，000 to$70，000does that seem accurate to you?”This way，even if your colleague isnt comfortable sharing their salary outright，they can help you identify if your expectations are on point or way off.1、What makes co-workers u
44、ncomfortable to talk about salaries?AThe safety issue.BThe federal 1abor law.CThe wrong idea about salaries.DThe reflection of their worthiness.2、What does“taboo”underlined in Paragraph 3 refer to?AA prohibited practice.BA religious belief.CA general agreement.DA social custom.3、What is mainly talke
45、d about in Paragraph 4？AOne of my interview experiences.BMy way of asking about money.CThe method of raising questions.DAn example of getting promoted.4、What can be the best title for the text?AHow to Discuss Salaries at Work BWays of Talking about Salaries CDo Salaries Stand for Self-worth?DCan Sal
46、aries be Talked about at Work?25（10 分）Scientists have long known that herbivores(食草动物)affect the plant diversity around them.In highly productive ecosystems,like jungles,animals would favor dominant,fast-growing plants.This would free up nutrients and space,allowing for a greater variety of plants t
47、o boom.In contrast,herbivores in regions with low plant biomass,like deserts,would eat whatever they could find,only driving down plant diversity.Now,a team of scientists has tested this hypothesis(假说).Burkepile,a biology professor in UC Santa Barbara,and his colleagues reviewed 252 studies comparin
48、g plant diversity in areas where herbivores were and were not excluded.Their study revealed that whether herbivores increase or decrease plant diversity depends on whats on the menu.In general,the correlation(相关性)between herbivory and diversity wasnt nearly as clear as everyone had expected.However,
49、the team noticed a much stronger association:when the ecosystem hosted a particularly vigorous species of plant,herbivory seemed to be crucial in maintaining biodiversity.For instance,grasslands in the tallgrass prairie in the American Midwest tend to be dominated(控制)by fast-growing grasses,such as
50、big bluestem.The team discovered that herbivores had an outsized effect on maintaining biodiversity by keeping big bluestem from taking over dozens of smaller,slower growing plant species.However not all herbivores are on an equal foot.The team found that the connection between herbivory and diversi