《常见文体的翻译.ppt》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《常见文体的翻译.ppt(41页珍藏版)》请在taowenge.com淘文阁网|工程机械CAD图纸|机械工程制图|CAD装配图下载|SolidWorks_CaTia_CAD_UG_PROE_设计图分享下载上搜索。
1、第七章:常见文体的翻译l教学目的:要求理解并熟悉常见文体(含科技、法律以及文学等)的翻译,力求在英汉翻译时做到通顺、准确。l教学内容:1.科技文体的翻译2.法律文书的翻译3.文学作品的翻译 4.习语的翻译5.翻译练习2第七章:常见文体的翻译第七章:常见文体的翻译科技科技一、复杂长句多一、复杂长句多 科科技技文文章章要要求求叙叙述述准准确确,推推理理谨谨严严,因因此此一一句句话话里里包包含含三三四四个个甚甚至至五五六六个个分分句句的的,并并非非少少见见。译译成成汉汉语语时时,必必须须按按照照汉汉语语习习惯惯破破成成适适当当数数目目的的分分句句,才才能能条条理理清清楚楚,避避免免洋洋腔腔洋洋调调。
2、这这种种复复杂杂长长句句居居科科技技英英语语难难点点之之首首,要学会运用语法分析方法来加以解剖,以便以短代长,化难为易要学会运用语法分析方法来加以解剖,以便以短代长,化难为易。例如。例如:Factories will not buy machines unless they believe that the machine will produce goods that they are able to sell to consumers at a price that will cover all cost.这这是是由由一一个个主主句句和和四四个个从从句句组组成成的的复复杂杂长长句句,只只有
3、有进进行行必必要要的的语语法法分分析析,才能正确理解和翻译。现试译如下:才能正确理解和翻译。现试译如下:除除非非相相信信那那些些机机器器造造出出的的产产品品卖卖给给消消费费者者的的价价格格足足够够支支付付所所有有成成本本,否否则则厂家是不会买那些机器的。厂家是不会买那些机器的。节译:节译:要不相信那些机器造出的产品售价够本,厂家是不会买的。要不相信那些机器造出的产品售价够本,厂家是不会买的。后后一一句句只只用用了了24个个字字,比比前前句句40个个字字节节约约用用字字40%,而而对对原原句句的的基基本本内内容容无无损损。可可见见,只只要要吃吃透透原原文文的的结结构构和和内内涵涵,翻翻译译时时再
4、再在在汉汉语语上上反反复复推推敲敲提提炼,复杂的英语长句,也是容易驾驭的。炼,复杂的英语长句,也是容易驾驭的。科技英语的特点科技英语的特点 3第七章:常见文体的翻译第七章:常见文体的翻译科技科技二、被动语态多二、被动语态多英英语语使使用用被被动动语语态态大大大大多多于于汉汉语语,如如莎莎士士比比亚亚传传世世名名剧剧罗罗密密欧与朱丽叶中的一句就两次用了被动语态:欧与朱丽叶中的一句就两次用了被动语态:Juliet was torn between desire to keep Romeo near her and fear for his life,should his presence be d
5、etected.朱朱丽丽叶叶精精神神上上受受到到折折磨磨,既既渴渴望望和和罗罗密密欧欧形形影影不不离离,又又担担心心罗罗密欧万一让人发现,难免有性命之忧。密欧万一让人发现,难免有性命之忧。科技英语更是如此,有三分之一以上用被动语态。例如:科技英语更是如此,有三分之一以上用被动语态。例如:(a)No work can be done without energy.译文:没有能量决不能做功。译文:没有能量决不能做功。(b)All business decisions must now be made in the light of the market.译文:所有企业现在必须根据市场来作出决策。译
6、文:所有企业现在必须根据市场来作出决策。4第七章:常见文体的翻译第七章:常见文体的翻译科技科技三、非谓语动词多三、非谓语动词多 英英语语每每个个简简单单句句中中,只只能能用用一一个个谓谓语语动动词词,如如果果读读到到几几个个动动作作,就就必必须须选选出出主主要要动动作作当当谓谓语语,而而将将其其余余动动作作用用非非谓谓语语动动词词形式,才能符合英语语法要求。形式,才能符合英语语法要求。非非谓谓语语动动词词有有三三种种:动动名名词词、分分词词(包包括括现现在在分分词词和和过过去去分分词)和不定式词)和不定式。例如:。例如:要成为一个名符其实的内行,需要学到老。要成为一个名符其实的内行,需要学到老
7、。这这句句中中,有有“成成为为”、“需需要要”和和“学学”三三个个表表示示动动作作的的词词,译成英语后为:译成英语后为:To be a true professional requires lifelong learning.可以看出,选好可以看出,选好“需要需要”(require)作为谓语,其余两个动)作为谓语,其余两个动作:作:“成为成为”用不定式形式用不定式形式 to be,而,而“学学”用动名词形式用动名词形式learning,这样才能符合英语语法要求。,这样才能符合英语语法要求。5第七章:常见文体的翻译第七章:常见文体的翻译科技科技四、词性转换多四、词性转换多英英语语单单词词有有不不
8、少少是是多多性性词词,即即既既是是名名词词,又又可可用用作作动动词词、形形容容词词、介介词词或或副副词词,字字形形无无殊殊,功功能能各各异异,含含义义也也各各不不相相同同,如如不仔细观察,必致谬误。例如不仔细观察,必致谬误。例如,light名词:名词:(启发启发)in(the)light of由于,根据;由于,根据;(光光)high light(s)强强光光,精精华华;(灯灯)safety light 安安全全指指示灯示灯形容词形容词:(轻轻)light industry 轻工业;轻工业;(明亮明亮)light room 明亮的房间;明亮的房间;(淡淡)light blue 淡蓝色;淡蓝色;(
9、薄薄)light coating 薄涂层薄涂层动词动词:(点燃)(点燃)light up the lamp 点灯点灯副词副词:(轻快)(轻快)travel light 轻装旅行轻装旅行 (容易)(容易)light come,light go 来得容易去得快来得容易去得快诸诸如如此此类类的的词词性性转转换换,在在科科技技英英语语中中屡屡见见不不鲜鲜,几几乎乎每每个个技技术术名名词词都都可可转转换换为为同同义义的的形形容容词词。词词性性转转换换增增加加了了英英语语的的灵灵活活性性和和表表现现力力,读读者者必必须须从从上上下下文文判判明明用用词词在在句句中中是是何何种种词词性性,而而且含义如何,才能
10、对全句得到正确无误的理解。且含义如何,才能对全句得到正确无误的理解。6第七章:常见文体的翻译第七章:常见文体的翻译科技科技REPLACEMENT OF BATTERIES1.Slide open the batteries box cover on the back of the unit by lightly pressing the portion marked“BATTERY”.2.Remove used batteries.3.Put new batteries in order of and in Figure A,taking care not to reverse battery
11、 polarity.电池的更换电池的更换1.轻轻按下本机背面标有“BATTERY”(“电池”)字样的部分,便可滑行推开本机背面的电池盒盖。2.取出废电池。3.按照图A中的和的顺序装入新电池,注意切勿将电极倒置。第七章:常见文体的翻译第七章:常见文体的翻译法律法律7Discussion:1.“Weve gotten the criminal at last.”(酒吧)2.“The criminal was arrested at last.”(警察局)3.“The criminal was apprehended at last.”(法庭)同样是“抓获”的意思,在酒吧里,口语性强;在警察局里,就
12、比较正式;在法庭上,措辞非常正式。法律文书的特征法律文书的特征A.矫饰夸张矫饰夸张,庄重威严庄重威严;类语重叠类语重叠,要言重复要言重复第七章:常见文体的翻译第七章:常见文体的翻译法律法律8法律文书词多夸张庄严法律文书词多夸张庄严法律文书常见词 普通常用词acquaintinform,telladumbratesketch,outlineadvertreferamelioratebetter,improveappriseinformassisthelp法律文书词多重复(叠)法律文书词多重复(叠)法律文书常见词 普通常用词annul and set aside废 止 和 撤 消annul 废 止
13、entirely and completely remove 取 消remove取 消last w ill and testament 遗 嘱will遗 嘱totally null and void无 效void无 效written instrument单 据instrument 单 据第七章:常见文体的翻译第七章:常见文体的翻译法律法律9B.句子冗长句子冗长,晦涩难懂晦涩难懂wArticle I of the GATT is the celebrated most favored nation(MFN)clause under which each member nation must gi
14、ve treatment to other member nations imports and exports that is at least as favorable as that applied to the most favored nation.关贸总协定的第一条是著名的最惠国(MFN)条款,按照该条款,每一个成员国给予其它成员国进出口货物的待遇至少应和给予最惠国的待遇一样优惠。第七章:常见文体的翻译第七章:常见文体的翻译法律法律10Where an application has passed the test,(情形)if he pays the fee,the Minist
15、er (条件)(法律主体)shall grant him a license.(法律行为)法律文书的翻译法律文书的翻译英 国 律 师 George Coode 曾提出法律中典型的条件句所具有的四种成分,即情形、条件、法律主体和法律行为(case,condition,legal subject,legal act ion),前两个成分 为 事 实 情 况(fact situation),后两种成分为法律陈述(statement)。第七章:常见文体的翻译第七章:常见文体的翻译法律法律11 1.NOW THEREEOR,in consideration of the premises and cov
16、enants herein contained,the parties hereto agree as follows 兹兹以上述上述各点和契约所所载条款为约因,定约双方协议如下:析:翻译中使用了“兹”、“上述”和“所”等词,使汉语译文显得庄重。由于法律语体是非常正式的语体,所以在翻译法律英语时应坚持“直译”的原则,尽量采取“一对一”式的翻译。第七章:常见文体的翻译第七章:常见文体的翻译法律法律12 2.An offer shall be null and void under any of the following circum stances.有下列情况之一的,要约失效。析:Null a
17、nd void 源于法语的叠词,翻译时应简单明了,尽量避免使用多余词。类似的还有fix and proper,full and equal 等。针对法律文书类语重叠的现象,翻译时译者完全有自由而且有必要对原文进行删减第七章:常见文体的翻译第七章:常见文体的翻译法律法律13 2.The parties may conclude a contract through an agent in accordance with the law.当事人可以委托代理人订立合同。析:该句的介主词“through”用动词“委托”来代替,使整个句子能够符合目标语言的表达习惯,同时也具备了原文的风格。第七章:常见文
18、体的翻译第七章:常见文体的翻译法律法律14Computer programs software is an area where copyright laws are up in the air.Right now,software is not adequately protected under the copyright laws,but this situation may soon change.However,depending on the circumstances,protection is sometimes available under the“common law”o
19、f unfair competition and trade secrets.计算机程序(软件)是否受版权保护目前还是一个悬而未决的问题。就目前而论,软件没有受到版权法的充分保护,但这种情况很快就会改变。现在,软件有时候可以依据有关不正当竞争和商业秘密的“习惯法”得到保护,但这要视情况而定。15第七章:常见文体的翻译第七章:常见文体的翻译文学文学一、文学翻译的原则一、文学翻译的原则1、严复、严复“信信”、“达达”、“雅雅”;2、鲁迅鲁迅“信与顺信与顺”;3、傅雷、傅雷“神似神似”与与“形似形似”;4、钱钟书、钱钟书“化境化境”之说;之说;5、大众接受的、大众接受的“忠实忠实”与与“通顺通顺”;
20、16第七章:常见文体的翻译第七章:常见文体的翻译文学文学1、关于、关于“归化(归化(Domestication)”之说之说2、关于、关于“异化(异化(Foreignization)”之说之说3、科技、科技译意译意 文学文学译味译味二、文学翻译的策略二、文学翻译的策略 讨论:红楼梦的两个英译本,哪一个是归化,哪一个是异化?17第七章:常见文体的翻译第七章:常见文体的翻译文学文学 朱光潜:由于在对象上,文学注重的是具体的情境,而科技注重的是抽象的理,表现在语文的效果与语句的功用上,科技直述,一字只有一字的意义,不能旁生枝节;文学暗示,一字可以有无穷的含蓄。也就 是 说,在 科 技 作 品 中,文
21、字 的 功 用 在“直 述”(state),读者注重它的本义;在文学作品中,文字的功用在“暗示”(suggest),读者注重它的联想。朱光潜全集(3),1996:109)例1:Unless youve an ace up your sleeve,we are dished.译文1:除非你有锦囊妙计,否则我们是输定了。译文2:除非你袖中藏有王牌,否则我们是输定了。18第七章:常见文体的翻译第七章:常见文体的翻译文学文学例2:“Oh,thats all!”Said Tess.“You couldnt expect her to throw her arms roundee,anto kiss an
22、d collee at once.”(T.Hardy:Tess of the dUrberivilles,Chp.6)译文1:“哦,就是这几句吗?”“怎么,她哪能一下把你抱上锅,撮上炕抱上锅,撮上炕的哪?”(张谷若 译 德佰家的台丝)译文2:你总不能指望她一下子就抱着你有亲又吻吧?19第七章:常见文体的翻译第七章:常见文体的翻译文学文学例3:东边日出西边雨,道是无晴却有情。赵甄陶译文:Sunshine in the east and rain-drop s in the west,It isnt warm,but warm yet,I dare say.(萧立明,2001:47-48)例4:A
23、 gush of tears at her mothers farewell kiss.(T.Dreiser:Sister Carrie)译文1:母亲和她吻别,使她眼泪一阵热泪译文2:与母亲吻别时,一股热泪脱眶而出。讨论:Wave farewell,kiss you goodbye挥手告别;握别20第七章:常见文体的翻译第七章:常见文体的翻译文学文学1、用用汉汉语语四四字字格格翻翻译译,四字词是汉语的一大特色,念起来琅琅上口,其内容丰富,有的本身带有历史典故。例1:Muck and money go together.富者不洁,洁者不富。(Alliteration)例2:When he wil
24、l he shall have way.机不可失,时不再来。(Alliteration)例3:Penny wise,pound foolish.小事聪明,大事糊涂。(Alliteration/Antitheses)三、文学翻译的技巧三、文学翻译的技巧21第七章:常见文体的翻译第七章:常见文体的翻译文学文学2、用汉语的谐音巧译用汉语的谐音巧译英语的一词多义或同音词。例1:Julia:best sing it to the tune of“light of love”.Lucetta:It is too heavy for so light a tune.朱丽亚:可是你要唱歌就按爱的清光清光那个调
25、子去唱吧。露西娅:这个歌儿太沉重了,和轻狂轻狂的调子不配。(朱生豪 译)22第七章:常见文体的翻译第七章:常见文体的翻译文学文学例2:Speed:How now,Singnore!What news with your mastership?Signore:With my masters ship,Why,it is at sea.译文译文1:斯比德:你好!西加诺!有你家主人主人的消息吗?西加诺:我家主轮主轮,它不是在海上吗?译文译文2:斯比德:你好,西加诺!有没有你主人的传闻传闻?西加诺:我主人船轮船轮?他不是在海上吗?23第七章:常见文体的翻译第七章:常见文体的翻译文学文学3、诗歌翻译中的
26、韵脚处理诗歌翻译中的韵脚处理例析Sonnet 18Shall compare thee to a summers day?(a)Thou art more lovely and more temperate.(b)Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May.(a)And summers lease hath all too short a date.(b)译文1:能否把你比作夏日璀璨?(an)你却比炎夏更可爱温存;(un)狂风摧残五月花蕊姣妍,(an)夏天匆匆离去毫不停顿。(un)译文2:我能否把你比作夏季的一天?(an)你可是更加可爱,更加温婉;
27、(an)狂风会吹落五月的姣花嫩瓣,(an)夏季出租的日期又未免太短。(an)24第七章:常见文体的翻译第七章:常见文体的翻译文学文学 When love beckons to you,follow him,though his ways are hard and steep.And when his wings enfold you,yield to him,though the sword hidden among his pinions may wound you.And when he speaks to you,believe in him,though his voice may s
28、hatter your dreams as the north wind lays waste the garden.For even as love crowns you so shall he crucify you.Even as he is for your growth so is he for your pruning.Even as he ascends to your height and caresses your tenderest branches that quiver in the sun,so shall he descend to our roots and sh
29、ake them in their clinging to the earth.四、文学翻译练习:四、文学翻译练习:25第七章:常见文体的翻译第七章:常见文体的翻译文学文学 But if,in your fear,you would seek only loves peace and loves pleasure,then it is better for you that you cover your nakedness and pass out of loves threshing-floor,into the seasonless world where you shall laugh,
30、but not all of your laughter,and weep,but not all of your tears.Love gives naught but it self and takes naught but from itself.Love possesses not,nor would it be possessed,for love is sufficient unto love.Love has no other desire but to fulfill itself.But if you love and must have desires,let these
31、be your desires:26第七章:常见文体的翻译第七章:常见文体的翻译文学文学To melt and be like a running brook that sings its melody to the night.To know the pain of too much tenderness.To be wounded by your own understanding of love;And to bleed willingly and joyfully.To wake at dawn with a winged heart and give thanks for anoth
32、er day of loving;To rest at the noon hour and meditate loves ecstasy;To return home at eventide with gratitude;And then to sleep with a payer for the beloved in your heart and a song of praise upon your lips.END27第七章:常见文体的翻译第七章:常见文体的翻译习语习语I.习语的特征习语的特征 A speech form or an expression of a given langua
33、ge that is peculiar to itself grammatically or cannot be understood from the individual meanings of its elements.成语,习语:因语法结构特殊或无法拆开而只能依据其组成成份来解释的语言形式或某种固定的语言表达方法。表达方式:表达方式:含蓄、幽默、严肃、典雅 言简意赅 28第七章:常见文体的翻译第七章:常见文体的翻译习语习语II.习语与文化的关系习语与文化的关系1、文文化化的的内内涵涵:Culture can be divided into three categories:1),mat
34、erial culture,referring to all the products of manufacturing;2),institutional culture,referring to various systems and the theories that support them,such as social systems,religious systems,ritual systems,educational systems,kinship systems and language;and 3),mental culture,referring to peoples me
35、ntality and behaviors,their thought patterns,beliefs,concepts of value,aesthetic tastes.The inner layer of culture belongs to the mental culture.29第七章:常见文体的翻译第七章:常见文体的翻译习语习语II.习语与文化的关系习语与文化的关系2、习语与自然地理环境习语与自然地理环境英语国家:英语国家:海洋型地理环境,工商业、航海业发达 like a fish out of water 很不自在 to know the ropes 熟悉内幕 as mute
36、 as a fish 噤若寒蝉 Smooth waters run deep 沉默深谋 to tide over 顺利渡过 They tried in vain to throw a sprat to catch a whale.他们想施小惠而得大利,但枉费心机。30第七章:常见文体的翻译第七章:常见文体的翻译习语习语2、习语与自然地理环境习语与自然地理环境中国:中国:平原农耕地、半封闭的大陆性地理环境“芝麻开花节节高”、“顺藤摸瓜”、“种瓜得瓜,种豆得豆”“瓜田不纳腹,李下不整冠”、“要知朝中事,瓜间问田农”汗牛充栋”、“九牛二虎之力”、“牛头不对马嘴”、“宁为鸡口,不为牛后”、“水牛黄牛各
37、管各”II.习语与文化的关系习语与文化的关系31第七章:常见文体的翻译第七章:常见文体的翻译习语习语II.习语与文化的关系习语与文化的关系2、习语与自然地理环境习语与自然地理环境有关有关“东风东风”与与“西风西风”、“夏日夏日”的差异的差异“古道西风瘦马”、“万事俱备只欠东风”“红日当天”、“骄阳似火”Ode to the West Wind(Shelley)“Shall I compare thee to a summers day?Thou art lovelier and more temperate.”(Shakespeare,Sonnet 18)32第七章:常见文体的翻译第七章:常见
38、文体的翻译习语习语II.习语与文化的关系习语与文化的关系3、习语与习俗习语与习俗(1)与饮食有关的习语)与饮食有关的习语earn ones bread 挣自己的面包-挣自己的钱 take the bread out of someones mouth 把面包从某人嘴里拿走-抢某人饭碗ones daily bread 日常的面包-日常的粮食,生计或赖以生存的食物、钱财 Give us this day our daily bread.请赐给我们今日的粮食。圣经马太福音 33第七章:常见文体的翻译第七章:常见文体的翻译习语习语3、习语与习俗习语与习俗(2)与动物有关的习语)与动物有关的习语 狗嘴里
39、吐不出象牙 狗仗人势 狐朋狗党 狼心狗肺 狗急跳墙 走狗 Every dog has his day凡人皆有得意日);Dog does not eat dog.(同类不相残);Give a dog an ill name and hang him.欲加之罪何患无辞 猫与cat,龙与dragon,to sow dragons teethII.习语与文化的关系习语与文化的关系34第七章:常见文体的翻译第七章:常见文体的翻译习语习语4、习语与宗教信仰习语与宗教信仰 Go to hell 下地狱去 God helps those who help themselves.自助者天助 Man propos
40、es,God disposes.谋事在人,成事在天 as poor as a church mouse 一贫如洗 借花献佛 放下屠刀,立地成佛 泥菩萨过江,自身难保 救人一命,胜造七级浮屠II.习语与文化的关系习语与文化的关系35第七章:常见文体的翻译第七章:常见文体的翻译习语习语5、习语与历史典故习语与历史典故 庄子齐物论 朝三暮四 The Fables of Aesop:blow hot and cold 东施效颦、杞人忧天、守株待兔 Achilles heel 唯一的弱点 a Pandoras box 不详之物 Trojan horse 隐患,骗局II.习语与文化的关系习语与文化的关系3
41、6第七章:常见文体的翻译第七章:常见文体的翻译习语习语III.习语的翻译习语的翻译 1、已有的翻译技巧已有的翻译技巧 “直译直译”、“意译意译”或或“同义套用法同义套用法”2、实实 译译 实译就是保存原文的形象。当句子的上下文已经显示了喻义的时候,我们一般只需译出习语的形象。例1:A-He made a lot of money by buying houses that were bombed in the war.B-Yeah,he is always been good at fishing in muddy waters.37第七章:常见文体的翻译第七章:常见文体的翻译习语习语例2:他
42、一家子在这儿,他的房子、地在这儿,他跑?跑了和尚跑不了庙跑了和尚跑不了庙。Version:Escape?But his house and property cant escape.“The monk may run away,but the temple cant run with him.”(张培基,1986:95)例3.The enemy scurried way,with the tail between their legs.译文:敌人急急忙忙夹着尾巴逃走夹着尾巴逃走了。38第七章:常见文体的翻译第七章:常见文体的翻译习语习语3、虚虚 译译 虚译:在习语翻译过程中,保存习语“喻义”,
43、改译或省译“形象”的一种翻译技巧。例1:When my ships come in,Ill take a trip to Norway.译文a:等我的船进来了等我的船进来了,我将去挪威旅行。译文b:发了财以后发了财以后,我将去挪威旅行。例2:He gets up very early and sits up to late and is burning the candle at both ends.译文a:他起早睡晚,一支蜡烛两头点一支蜡烛两头点。译文b:他起早睡晚,精力迅速消耗精力迅速消耗。39第七章:常见文体的翻译第七章:常见文体的翻译习语习语4、虚实结合虚实结合 先实译形象,再恰当地虚
44、译喻义,这样既保持了原文的形象生动,又不失原文的内涵。例:Youre flogging a dead horse by asking him to lend you money,for that he hasnt even got enough for himself.译文:你找他借钱简直是鞭打死马鞭打死马白打白打(搭)(搭),因为他自己还不够用呢。40第七章:常见文体的翻译第七章:常见文体的翻译习语习语课内作业:请翻译下列句子,体会句中的习语。课内作业:请翻译下列句子,体会句中的习语。In appealing the case again,you will just be kicking a
45、gainst the pricks.To keep the ball rolling,I asked Mary a question again.Twenty to one,it will rain tonight.There are one thousand and one people watching the game in the stadium yesterday.His chances of getting into Harvard are one out of hundred.He gets up very early and sits up to late and is bur
46、ning the candle at both ends.千山万水千山万水 万紫千红万紫千红 七上八下七上八下 五光十色五光十色 41第七章:常见文体的翻译第七章:常见文体的翻译习语习语1.你再去上诉,那简直是自讨苦吃。2.为了使谈话不中断(为了话题的继续),我问了玛丽一个问题。3.十有八九,今晚要下雨。4.昨天体育场里观看比赛者人山人海。5.他进入哈佛大学的机会微乎其微。6.他起早睡晚,精力迅速消耗。7.千山万水:thousands of mountains and rivers,8.numerous hills and streams;9.a long and arduous journe
47、y;8.万紫千红:innumerable flowers of purple and red,rich and colourful,all flowers are blooming,to be rich in variety;9.七上八下:His heart seems to him like a well in which seven buckets are drawn up and eight dropped down.an unsettled state of mind.10.五光十色:colours of all kinds,all sorts of colours;Reference to the Translation: