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1、第1页共 32页 2021年考研英语(_)真题及答案2021英语真 题答案 2021年考研英语(一)真题 Section I Use of English Directions：Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.(10 points)Ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle viewed laughter as a bodily exercise precious to health
2、.But _some claims to the contrary,laughing probably has little influence on physical filness Laughter does short-term changes in the function of the heart and its blood vessels,heart rate and oxygen consumption But because hard laughter is difficult to ,a good laugh is unlikely to have benefits the
3、way,say,walking or jogging does.,instead of straining muscles to build them,as exercise does,laughter apparently acplishes the ,第2页共 32页 studies dating back to the 1930 s indicate that laughter,muscles,Such bodily reaction might conceivably help the effects of psychological stress.Anyway,the act of
4、laughing probably does produce other types of _feedback,that improve an individual*s emotional state.one classical theory of emotion,our feelings are partially rooted physical reactions.It was argued at the end of the 19th century that humans do not cry they are sad but they bee sad when te tears be
5、gin to flow.Although tears,evidence suggests that emotions can flow muscular responses.In an experiment published in 1988,social psychologist Fritz.1.Aamong Bexcept Cdespite Dlike 2.Areflect Bdemand Cindicate Dproduce 3.Astabilizing Bboosting Cimpairing Ddetermini ng 4.Atransmit Bsustain Cevaluate D
6、observe 5.Ameasurable Bmanageable Caffordable Drenewable 6.AIn turn BIn sadness also .第3页共 32页 fact CIn addition DIn brief 7.Aopposite Bimpossible Caverage Dexpected 8.Ahardens Bweakens Ctightens Drelaxes 9.Aaggravate Bgenerate Cmoderate Denhance 10.Aphysical Bmental Csubconscious Dinternal 11.AExce
7、pt for BAccording to CDue to DAs for 12.Awith Bon Cin Dat 13.Aunless Buntil Cif Dbecause 14.Aexhausts Bfollows Cprecedes Dsuppresses 15.Ainto Bfrom Ctowards Dbeyond 16.Afetch Bbite Cpick Dhold 17.Adisappointed Bexcited Cjoyful Dindifferent 18.Aadapted 第4页共 32页 Bcatered Cturned Dreacted 19.Asuggestin
8、g Brequiring Cmentioning Dsupposing 20.AEventually BConsequently CSimilarly DConversely Section II Reading prehension Part A Directions：Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(40 points)Text 1 The decision of the
9、New York Philharmonic to hire Alan GiIbert as its next music director has been the talk of the classical-music world ever since the sudden announcement of his appointment in 2021.For the most part,the response has been favorable,to say the least.Hooray!At last!wrote Anthony Tommasini,a sober-sided c
10、lassical-music critic.One第5页共 32页 of the reasons why the appointment came as such a surprise,however,is that Gilbert is paratively little known.Even Tommasini,who had advocated Gilbert,s appointment in the Times,calls him“an unpretentious musician with no air of the formidable conductor about him.As
11、 a description of the next music director of an orchestra that has hitherto been led by musicians like Gustav Mahler and Pierre Boulez,that seems likely struck at least some Times readers as faintconductor or even a good one.To be sure,he performs an impressive variety interesting positions,but it i
12、s not necessary visit Avery Fisher Hall,or anywhere else,to hear interesting orchestral music.All I have to do is to go to my CD shelf,or boot up my puter and download still more recorded music from iTunes.Devoted concertgoers who reply that recordings are no substitute for live performance are miss
13、ing the point.For the time,attention,and money of the art-loving public,classical instrumentalists must pete not only with opera to have praise.For my part,I have no idea whether Gilbert is a great of for me to 第6页共 32页 houses,dance troupes,theater panies,and museums,but also with the recorded perfo
14、rmances of the great classical musicians of the 20th century.There recordings are cheap,available everywhere,and very often much higher in artistic quality than today s live performances；moreover,they can be“consumed at a time and place of the listener s choosing.The widespread availability of such
15、recordings has thus brought about a crisis in the institution of the traditional classical concert.One possible response is for classical performers to program attractive new music that is not yet available on record.GilbertJ s own interest in new music has been widely noted：Alex Ross,a classical-mu
16、sic critic,has described him as a man who is capable of turning the Philharmonic into a markedly different,more vibrant organization.But what will be the nature of that difference?Merely expanding the orchestra,s repertoire will not be enough.If Gilbert and the Phi 1harmonic are to succeed,they must
17、 first change the relationship between America s oldest 第7页共 32页 orchestra and the new audience it hops to attract.21.We learn from Para.1 that Gilbert,s appointment has Aincurred criticism.Braised suspicion.Creceived acclaim.Daroused curiosity.22.Tommasini regards Gilbert as an artist who is Ainflu
18、ential.Bmodest.Crespectable.Dtalented.23.The author believes that the devoted concertgoers Aignore the expenses of live performances.Breject most kinds of recorded performances.Cexaggerate the variety of 1ive performances.Doverestimate the value of live performances.24.According to the text,which of
19、 the following is true of recordings?AThey are often inferior to live concerts in quality.BThey are easily accessible to the general public.CThey help improve the quality of music.DThey have only covered masterpieces.25.Regarding Gilbert s role in revitalizing the 第8页共 32页 Philharmonic,the author fe
20、els Adoubtful.Benthusiastic.Cconfident.Dpuzzled.Text 2 When Liam McGee departed as president of Bank of America in August,his explanation was surprisingly straight up.Rather than cloaking his exit in the usual vague excuses,he came right out and said he was leaving to pursue my goal of running a pan
21、y.Broadcasting his ambition was very much my decision,McGee says.Within two weeks,he was talking for the first time with the board of Hartford Financial Services Group,which named him CEO and chairman on September 29.McGee says leaving without a position lined up gave him time to reflect on what kin
22、d of pany he wanted to run.It also sent a clear message to the outside world about his aspirations.And第9页共 32页 turbulent business environment managers cautious of letting vague their reputations.As the first signs of recovery deputy chiefs may be more willing to make the jump without a.In the third
23、quarter,CEO turnover was down 23%from a year ago as nervous boards stuck with the leaders they had,according to Liberum Research.As the economy picks up,opportunities will abound for aspiring leaders.The decision to quit a senior position to look for a better one is unconventional.For years executiv
24、es and headhunters have adhered to the rule that the most attractive CEO candidates are the ones who must be poached.Says Korn/Ferry senior partner Dennis Carey：I can,t think McGee isn t alone.In recent weeks the No.2 executives at Avon and American Express quit with the explanation that they were l
25、ooking for a CEO post.As boards scrutinize succession plans in response to shareholder pressure,executives who don,t get the nod also may wish to move on.A also has senior pronouncements cloud begin to take hold,第10页共 32 of a single search I ve done where a board has not instructed me to look at sit
26、ting CEOs first.Those who jumped without a job haven t always landed in top positions quickly.Ellen Marram quit as chief of Tropicana a decade age,saying she wanted to be a CEO.It was a year before she became head of a tiny Interbased modities exchange.Robert Willumstad left Citigroup in 20 xx with
27、ambitions to be a CEO.He finally took that post at a major financial institution three years later.Many recruiters say the old disgrace is fading for top performers.The financial crisis has made it more acceptable to be between jobs or to leave a bad one.“The traditional rule was it s safer to stay
28、where you are,but that s been fundamentally inverted,says one headhunter.The people who ve been hurt the worst are those who ve stayed too long.26.When 第11页共 32 McGee announced his departure,his manner can best be described as being Aarrogant.Bfrank.Cself-centered.Dimpulsive.27.According to Paragrap
29、h 2,senior executives quitting may be spurred by Atheir expectation of better financial status.Bjtheir need to reflect on their private life.Ctheir strained relations with the boards.Dtheir pursuit of new career goals.28.The word“poached(Line 3,Paragraph 4)most probably means Aapproved of.Battended
30、to.Chunted for.Dguarded against.29.第12页共 32 It can be inferred from the last paragraph that Atop performers used to cling to their posts.Bloyalty of top performers is getting out-dated.Ctop performers care more about reputations.Dit s safer to stick to the traditional rules.30.Which of the following
31、 is the best title for the text?ACEOs：Where to Go?BCE0s：All the Way Up?CTop Managers Jump without a DThe Only Way Out for Top Performers Text 3 The rough guide to marketing success used to be that you got what you paid for.No longer.While traditional paid media-such as television mercials and print
32、advertisements-still play a major role,panies today can exploit media.Consumers by sending e-mail alerts about customers registered with its Web site.The way consumers now approach the broad range of factors beyond conventional paid media.Paid and owned media are controlled by marketers promoting th
33、eir own products.Forearned media,such marketers act as the initiator for many alternative forms of passionate about a product may create owned media products and sales to 第13页共 32页 users responses.But in some cases,one marketers owned media bee another marketery s paid media-for instance,when an e-m
34、erce retailer sells ad space on its Web site.We define such sold media as owned media whose traffic is so strong that other organizations place their content or e-merce engines within that environment.This trend,which we believe is still in its infancy,effectively began with retailers and travel pro
35、viders such as airlines and hotels and will no doubt go further.Johnson&；Johnson,for exle,has created BabyCenter,a stand-alone media property that promotes plementary and even petitive products.Besides generating ine,the presence of other marketers makes the site seem objective,gives panies opportun
36、ities to learn valuable information about the appeal of other panies marketing,and may help expand user traffic for all panies concerned.The same dramatic technological changes that have provided marketers with more(and more diverse)munications choices have also increased the risk that passionate co
37、nsumers will voice their opinions in quicker,more visible,and much more 第14页共 32页 damaging ways.Such hijacked media are the opposite of earned media：an asset or caign bees hostage to consumers,other stakeholders,or activists who make negative allegations about a brand or product.Members of social wo
38、rks,for instance,are learning that they can hijack media to apply pressure on the businesses that originally created them.If that happens,passionate consumers would try to persuade others to boycott products,putting the reputation of the target pany at risk.In such a case,the pany,s response may not
39、 be sufficiently quick or thoughtful,and the learning curve has been steep.Toyota Motor,for exle,alleviated some of the damage from its recall crisis earlier this year with a relatively quick and well-orchestrated social-media response caign,which included efforts to engage with consumers directly o
40、n sites such as and the social-news site Digg.31.Consumers may create earned media when they are A obsessed with online shopping at certain Web sites.第15页共 32页 B inspired by product-promoting e-mails sent to them.C eager to help their friends promote quality products.D enthusiastic about remending t
41、heir favorite products.32.According to Paragraph 2,sold media feature A a safe business environment.B random petition.C strong user traffic.D flexibility in organization.33.The author indicates in Paragraph 3 that earned media A invite constant conflicts with passionate consumers.B can be used to pr
42、oduce negative effects in marketing.C may be responsible for fiercer petition.D deserve all the negative ments about them.34.Toyota Motor s experience is cited as an exle of A responding effectively to hijacked media,B persuading customers into boycotting products.C cooperating with supportive consu
43、mers.D taking 第16页共 32页 advantage of hijacked media.35.Which of the following is the text mainly about?A Alternatives to conventional paid media.B Conflict between hijacked and earned media.C Dominance of hijacked media.D Popularity of owned media.Text 4 It s no surprise that Jennifer Senior,s insig
44、htful,provocative magazine cover story,“1 love My Children,I Hate My Life,is arousing much chatter-nothing gets people talking like the suggestion that child rearing is anything less than a pletely fulfilling,life-enriching experience.Rather than concluding that children make parents either happy or
45、 miserable,Senior suggests we need to redefine happiness：instead of thinking of it as something that can be measured by moment-to-moment joy,we should consider being happy as a past-tense condition.Even第17页共 32页 though the day-to-day experience of raising kids can be soul-crushingly hard,Senior writ
46、es that the very things that in the moment den our moods can later be sources of intense gratification and delight.The magazine cover showing an attractive mother holding a cute baby is hardly the only Madonna-and-chi1d image on newsstands this week.There are also stories about newly single-mom Sand
47、ra Bullock,as“Jennifer Aniston is pregnant every week features at least mom-to-be,smiling on the newsstands.In a society that so persistently celebrates procreation,is it any wonder that admitting you regret having children is equivalent to admitting you support kittenkilling?It doesn t seem quite f
48、air,then,to pare the regrets of parents to the regrets of the children.Unhappy parents rarely are provoked to wonder if they shouldn,t have had kids,but unhappy childless folks are bothered with the message that children are the single most important thing in the world：obviously their misery must be
49、 a direct result of the gaping baby-size holes in their lives.Of adoptive-and newly well as the usual news.Practically one celebrity mom,or 第18页共 32页 course,the image of parenthood that celebrity magazines like Us Weekly and People present is hugely unrealistic,especially when the parents are single
50、 mothers like Bullock.According to several studies concluding that parents are less happy than childless couples,single parents are the least happy of all.No shock there,considering how much work it is to raise a kid without a partner to lean on；yet to hear Sandra and Britney tell it,raising a kid o