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1、宾语从句宾语从句Section 1 宾语从句的概述Section 2 宾语从句的引导词Section 3 宾语从句的时态一致Section 4 宾语从句的语序Section 5 宾语从句与形式宾语itSection 6 宾语从句与否定转移Section 1 宾语从句的概述宾语从句宾语从句即指在主从复合句中用作宾语的从句。宾语从句通常由从属连词、连接代词或连接副词引导。例We believe that he is honest.我们相信他是诚实的。I dont know whether hell arrive in time.我不知道他是否能及时到达。He didnt tell me when
2、we should meet again.他没有告诉我什么时候我们再见面。宾宾语语从从句句的的引引导导词词词类词类在句中的功能在句中的功能例词例词中文释义中文释义从属连词that 在句中不充当成分，可省略；whether，if在句中不充当成分，但不能省略。that通常不翻译whether是否if是否连接代词除了在句中起连接作用外，还在从句中充当成分，作主语、宾语、定语。who谁（主格）whom谁（宾格）whose谁的（所有格）what什么；所的which哪个连接副词除了在句中起连接作用外，还在从句中充当成分，作状语。when什么时候where什么地方how怎样；如何why为什么；的原因；之所以
3、Section 2 宾语从句的引导词1、用that引导that只起引导词作用，不充当句子成分，也没有词义，且通常可以省略。例I think(that)I will leave here tomorrow.我打算明天离开这里。She said(that)she would soon return to England.她说她很快会回到英国。I think(that)your speech is wonderful.我觉得你的演讲很精彩。【注意】that不能省略的情况宾语从句前有插入语We hope,on the contrary,that he will stay at home with us
4、.怡怡相反，我们希望他和我们待在家里。有间接宾语时He told me that he was leaving for Japan.他告诉我他要去日本。两个并列的宾语从句中，后面的that从句He said(that)the book was very interesting and that all the children like to read it.他说那本书很有趣，所有小孩都喜欢读。用形式宾语it代替的宾语从句I think it necessary that he should stay here.我们认为他有必要留在这里。2、用 if或whether 引导if和whether引
5、导宾语从句，不充当句子成分，但有词义，表示“是否”。例Could you tell me if/whether they are flying to Beijing?你能告诉我他们是否乘飞机到北京吗?Tom asked me if/whether I had seen the film.汤姆问我是不是看过那部影片。He asked if/whether they needed help.他问他们是否需要帮助。【注意】只用whether不用if 的情况选择疑问句转换为宾语从句Can you tell me whether your father is a worker or a farmer?你
6、能告诉我你的爸爸是工人还是农民吗?用在介词后面的宾语从句The Greens are talking about whether they will go to Hainan Island for their holiday.格林一家人在讨论是否去海南岛度假。在动词discuss后面的宾语从句We discussed whether we had a sports meeting next week.我们讨论了下周是否开运动会。直接与or not连用时I cant say whether or not he can come on time.我不能说他是否能够准时来。3、用连接代词引导常见的引
7、导宾语从句的连接代词有what,who,whom,which,whose等。例-Excuse me,could you tell me which bus I should take to get to the post office?劳驾，你能告诉我坐哪路公共汽车到邮局吗?-Certainly.The No.15 bus.当然，坐15路车。Can you tell me whom you are waiting for?你能告诉我你在等谁吗?I wonder who will play in the basketball match.我不知道这场篮球赛谁会上场。He asked whose
8、wallet that was.他问那是谁的钱包。what引导宾语从句时，有时表示引导宾语从句时，有时表示“什么什么”，有时表示，有时表示“.所所.的的”。例I asked what he needed.我问他需要什么。I gave him what he needed.我给了他所需要的东西。4、用连接副词引导常见的引导宾语从句的连接副词有when,how,where,why等。此时要特别注意宾语从句用陈述句词序，而不用疑问句词序。Can you guess when he came back yesterday?你能猜出昨天他什么时候回来的吗?一Can you tell me how you
9、 did it so wel!?你告诉我你是怎样做得这么好的吗?-With Lucys help.有露西的帮助。The teacher asked Li Hua why he was late for class.老师问李华上课为什么迟到。That actor often joins in different activities in Beijing.Do you know how long he has stayed there?那个演员经常在北京参加不同的活动。你知道他在那里待了多长时间了吗?-For 5 years.5年了。Section 3 宾语从句的时态一致1、宾语从句中如果主句是
10、现在的时态(包括一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时)，从句的时态可根据实际情况而定。例I know she went to Beijing yesterday.我知道她昨天去了北京。I know she lives here.我知道她住在这儿。I have heard that the meeting will be put off.我已经听说会议将被推迟了。2、宾语从句中如果主句是过去的时态(包括一 般过去时、过去进行时)，那么从句的时态通常要用过去的时态(包括-般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时、过去完成时)。例He knew that Susan had made her decision
11、.他知道苏珊已经作出了决定。She told me that someone was waiting for me at the door.她告诉我有人在门口等我。【注意】当宾语从句是客观事实、真理、谚语时，宾语从句不受主句时态的限制，而用一般现在时。The teacher told us that the earth turns around the sun.老师告诉我们地球绕着太阳转。Section 4 宾语从句的语序宾语从句的语序是“连接词+陈述句语序”。例He asked me when and where I was born.他问我出生于何时何地。I dont know what
12、they are looking for.我不知道他们在寻找什么。Could you tell me when the train will leave?你能告诉我火车什么时候开吗?【注意】当疑问词作主语或主语的定语时，宾语从句的语序不变，因为它们本身就是陈述句。Can you tell me which is the way to the post office?你能告诉我哪一 条是去邮局的路吗?He asked me what was happening over there.他问我那儿正在发生什么事。I dont know whose sweater is red.我不知道谁的毛衣是红色
13、的。Section 5 宾语从句与形式宾语it当宾语从句后面接宾语补足语时，通常在宾语从句处使用形式宾语it,而将真正的宾语从句移至句末，以避免句子头重脚轻。例I think it best that you should stay here.我认为你最好留在这儿。He hasnt made it known when he is going to get married.他还没宣布他何时结婚。Section 6 宾语从句与否定转移当动词think,believe,suppose,expect,imagine,guess,consider后接一个 表示否定意义的宾语从句时，其否定通常转移到主句上(即否定词转移到主句的谓语，从句谓语用肯定式)。例I dont think that he will leave.我认为他不会离开。I dont believe that it is easy.我相信这不容易。