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1、Unit 4 Astronomy: the science of the stars Period 3Learning about language: rammar 整体设计教材分析This is the third teaching period of this unit. To test whether students have grasped the important and difficult language points they learned in the last period, the teacher should first offer them some revis
2、ion exercises. Then lead in the new lesson.This teaching period mainly deals with the following: 1. Reviewing noun clauses as the object and as the predicative; 2. Learning the new grammar items: noun clauses as the subject. Students often feel noun clauses abstract and difficult to learn, so it is
3、necessary to make the lesson interesting and lively, and connect it with their daily life in order to let it easy to accept and understand. Firstly, the teacher can ask students to read the passage HOW LIFE BEGAN ON THE EARTH again, tick out all the sentences from the passage where noun clauses are
4、used as the subject, and then translate them into Chinese. Secondly, compare and discover the uses of each noun clause by giving a lot of example sentences. Thirdly, do the exercises in Discovering useful structures on Page 29 and more exercises for students to master the related noun clauses. Final
5、ly, summarize the use of noun clauses as the subject and let students make it clear how each noun clause is being used in the situations.additional exercises for consolidation.At the end of the class, ask students to do the exercises in Using structures on Page 64 and more教学重点understand and use noun
6、 clauses as the subject.Get students to教学难点to learn how to use noun clauses as the subject correctly.Enable students三维目标 知识目标to know more about noun clauses, learn noun clauses as the subject.1. Get students2. Let studentsWhat it was to become was a mystery.it was not clear whether the solid shape w
7、as to last or not.能力R标Enable students to use noun clauses as the subject correctly and properly according to the context.情感目标1. Get students to become interested in grammar learning.2. Develop students* sense of group cooperation.教学过程设计方案（一）-*Step 1 Revision1. Check the homework exercises.2. Dictate
8、 some new words and expressions.3. Translate the following sentences.1) 你早晚会来的。2) 我的车与你的不一样。3) 他总是第一个来，最后一个走。4) 他来不来还不清楚。5) 我们的成败取决于是否每个人都努力工作。6) 我们必须采取措施防止这种疾病的蔓延。Suggested answers:1) You will come here in time.2) My car is different from yours.3) He is always the first to come and the last to go.4
9、) It is not clear whether he comes or not.5) Our success depends on whether everyone works hard or not.6) We must take actions to prevent this disease (from) spreading.一Step 2 PreparationShow some sentences on the screen. Ask students to read each of them and then find out its subject.A tree has fal
10、len across the road.You are a student.To find your way can be a problem.Smoking is bad for you.How do you do? is a greeting.What she said is not yet known.That we shall be late is certain.It s certain that we shall be late.-Step 3 Grammar learning1. Reading and discoveringAsk students to turn back t
11、o Page 25 to read through the reading passage and find all the sentences where noun clauses are used as the subject and underline them. Then translate them into Chinese.Suggested answers:1) What it was to bocomo was uncertain until between 4. 5 and 3. 8 billion years ago when the dust settled into a
12、 solid globe.地球会变成什么(样子)，直到45亿至38亿年前这个云团变成一个固体的球状物，才 确定下来。2) The earth became so violent that it was not clear whether the shape would last or not.一激烈动荡,不知道这个固体形状是否会继续存在下去。3) What is ovon moro important is that as the earth cooled down, water began to appear on its surface.更重要的是，随着地球的冷却，地球的表面就开始出现了水
13、。4) It was not immediately obvious Ihal waler was lo be fundamental lo lhe development of life.水对于生命的发展会起关键作用，这一点在当时并不明显。5) What many scientists believe is thcit the continued presence of water allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases and acids into the oceans and seas.很多科学家相信，由于地球上长期有水存在，使地球得以把有
14、害气体和酸性物质溶解 在海洋里。6) Why they suddenly disappeared still remains a mystery.为什么他们突然消失了，至今还是个谜。7) Sc whether life will continue on the earth for millions of years tc come will depend on whether this problem can be solved.所以，在未来的数百万年中，生命能否在地球上延续取决于这个问题能否得到解决。2. Thinking and discussingLet students read al
15、oud the sentences they picked out, think over and discuss with a partner how each of these noun clauses is being used in the situations. If students have some difficulty, give them a hand.3. Summing up: noun clauses as the subject.主语从句作主语用的名词性从句，因其在复合句中作主语，又称主语从句。(1) 连接词：1) 从属连词that, whether等。that引导
16、主语从句只起引导作用，本身无实际意义，在主语从句中不充当任何成分， 但不能省略。That she left him cut him to the heart.她的离开使他很伤心。由whether引导的主语从句放在句首、句末都可。Whether it will please them is not easy to say. /It is not easy to say whether it will please them.很难说这会不会使他们高兴。2) 连接代词 who, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever 等。What seems easy t
17、o some people seems difficult to others.对某些人看来很容易的事，对另外-些人可能很困难。3) 连接副词 when, where, how, why 等。Why he did it remains a mystery.他为什么做那件事依然是个谜。(2) 位置主语从句可以前置，也可以后置。用it作形式主语，而把主语从句放在句末，常用下 面儿种句型：1) It+be+表语+主语从句It is still uncertain whether he is coming or not.他是不是来还没有确定。2) It+不及物动词+主语从句It happens tha
18、t they were absent.他们碰巧缺席了。3) It+及物动词(被动语态)+主语从句It has been decided that the exhibition will not open on Sundays.现经决定展览会星期日不开放。注意：1) 主语从句在句首时，必须由连接词引导，不能省略这些连接词；但是如果用it作 形式主语，而把主语从句放在句末时，从属连词that可以省略。他们相互喜爱是很自然的。误：They should like each other is natural.正：That they should like each other is natural.正
19、：It is natural (that) they should like each other.2) 如果主语从句放在句首，不能用if引导；但是如果用it作形式主语，而把主语从 句放在句末时，也可以用if引导。玛丽是不是真听见他了，很值得怀疑。误If Mary really heard him is really doubtful.正：Whether Mary really heard him is really doubtful.正：It was doubtful whether/if Mary really heard him.-*Step 4 Grammar practice1. T
20、urn to Page 29. Ask students to do Exercise 2 and Exercise 3 in Discovering useful structures. First let them finish them individually. Thon check the answers with the whole class. Give some explanations if necessary.2. Turn to Page 64. Ask students to do Exercise 1 and Exercise 2. Check the answers
21、 after most of them finish.-*Step 5 DiscussionLet students have a discussion in groups. The topic is My problem . One talks about the problems in his study or life. The others should give some advice or suggestions. Remind students to use the following structures:(Show the following on the screen to
22、 help students.)The fact is/It is a fact that.The difficulty is. . . /What I find difficult is.The trouble is.My suggestion is.My advice is.I think that./What worries me is./What I would suggest is./What I would advise is./What I think is.C. it is who D. it is whom controls the flow of carbonI want
23、to tell you that. . . /What I want to say is.fStep 6 Closing down by a quizShow the following exercises on the screen. Let students finish them within three minutes. Three minutes later, check the answers with the whole class.1. I have always been honest and straightforward, and it doesn t mattertha
24、t If m talking to.A. who is itB. who it is2. It is pretty well understood dioxide in and out the atmosphere today.A.B.C.that when what howD.3. made the school proud was more than 90% ofstudents had been admitted to key universities.A. What; becauseB. What; thatC. That: whatI）. That; because4. team w
25、ins on Saturday will go through to the nationalchampionship.A. No matter whatB. No matter whichC. WhateverD. Whichever5. is our belief that improvements in health care will lead toa stronger, more prosperous economy.A. AsB. ThatC. ThisD. It6. I can* t understand is he changed his mind.A. That; thatB
26、. What; whyC. Which; howD. That; whySuggested answers: BCBDDB一Step 7 Homework1. Finish off the workbook exercises.2. Preview the reading passage A V1S1T TO THE MOON on Page 30, find the sentences in which noun clauses are used, and see if you can understand them.设计方案（二）一Step 1 Revision1. Check the h
27、omework exercises.2. Translate the following into English.1）太阳系2）及时；终于3）下蛋4）产生；分娩5）轮到某人；接着6）总有一天我会遇见他。7）都市生活与乡村生活是非常不同的。8）他们不应该允许在这条街上停车，街道太窄了。9）他的心脏病痛没能阻止他第二天去上课。10）在未来的数百万年中，生命能否在地球上延续取决于这个问题能否得到解决。 Suggested answers:1） solar system2) in time3) lay eggs4) give birth to5) in one* s turn6) I 11 see
28、him in time.7) City 1ife is quite different from country 1ife.8) They shouldn t allow parking in this street. It s too narrow.9) His heart trouble did not prevent him (from) going to class the next day.10) Whether life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come will depend on whether t
29、his problem can be solved.-*Step 2 Warming up by a gameLet students work in pairs. One talks about the problems in his study or life. The other should give some advice or suggestions. Encourage them to use what-clauses as the subject.Examp1e:SI: What I find difficult is. . . /What worries me is.S2:
30、What I would suggest is. . . /What I would advise is.Step 3 Discovering useful structuresAsk students to find out the sentences containing noun clauses as the subject in the reading passage and underline them. Then translate them into Chinese.-*Step 4 Learning the use of noun clauses as the subject1
31、. Ask students to turn to Page 92 and learn part 3 The Subject Clause by themselves.2. Encourage them to ask as many questions as possible. Give them explanations if necessary.3. Let them do some additional exercises.4. Sum up.-*Step 5 PracticeAsk students to finish the fol lowing exercises vi thin
32、10 minutes. Then check the answers with the whole class.1. Exercises 2 and 3 in Discovering useful structures on Page 13.2. Exercise 1 in Using structures on Page 64.fStep 6 ConsolidationLet students work in pairs to make sentences with noun clauses as the subject to fill in the blanks.1. What is as
33、tronomy.2. Whenhasn t been decoded yet.3. Whether depends on your behavior.4. How is a personal decision.5. Why a puzzle to us.6. Is funny that .7. It worries us that .8. It appears that .fStep 7 Homework1. Finish off the Workbook exercises.2. Make use of different learning resources to have an inqu
34、iry study of the subject clause, and summarize the rules of it.板书设计连接词从属连词：that, whetherThat she left him cut him to the heart.Whether it will please them is not easy toUnit 4 Astronomy: the science of the starsGrammar: noun clauses as the subject例句say.连 接代词 ： who, what, which, What seems easy to so
35、me people seems difficultwhoever, whatever, whichever 连接副词：when, where, how, whywhoever, whatever, whichever 连接副词：when, where, how, why11+be+表语+主语从句It+不及物动词+主语从句to others.Why he did it remains a mystery.it作形式主语It is still uncertain whether he is coming or not.It happens that they were absent.It+及物动词
36、（被动语态）+ 主语从句It has been decided that the exhibition will notopen on Sundays.活动与探究Suppose you are to design an activity for your school on Earth Day, which is intended to call on teachers and students to protect the earth. Work in groups and choose a reporter of your group to report your work. The following points should be included in the report of your activity:what the activity is about;why the activity is designed;when and where to do the activity;who takes part in the activity;what to be done in the activity.