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1、UNIT 4 HISTORY AND TRADITIONSDiscovering Useful Structures突破。语法大冲关TUPOYUFADAUHCZdUAZ过去分词作定语和宾语补足语语法精讲过去分词(past participle)是分词的一种。规则动词的过去分词一般是由动词加-ed构 成，不规则动词的过去分词见不规则动词表(见教材PwPus)。观察例句1. Before the show, hundreds of excited visitors waited in their seals eagerly.2. Come and read the poem written by
2、an eight-year-old boy!3. I felt myself often confused at first.4. She had her painting boxed so it was delivered safely.归纳用法一、过去分词作定语1 .意义及物动词的过去分词作定语往往表示被动和完成：不及物动词的过去分词作定语不表示 被动，只表不完成。(1)表示被动和完成a polluted river一条被污染的河流the watered flowers 浇过水的花(2)只表示完成，不表示被动fallen leaves 落叶the risen sun升起的太阳2 .位置单个
3、的过去分词作定语时，通常放在所修饰词的前面；过去分词短语作定语时，通常放 在后面，其作用相当于一个定语从句。A watched pot never boils.谚语心急锅不开。The student dressed in white is my daughter.=The student who is dressed in white is my daughter.穿白色衣服的那个学生是我女儿。3 .现在分词与过去分词作定语的区别现在分词作定语表主动或进行：而过去分词作定语时，表被动或完成。形式语态时态过去分词被动完成现在分词主动进行The car belonging to my uncle
4、was stolen last week.我叔叔的那辆车上周被盗了。The bridge built in 2013 was designed by a local company.2013年建造的这座大桥是由一家当地公司设计的。4 .难点突破三种非谓语形式作定语所表示的内涵：done被动的动作已经完成being done被动的动作正在发生to be done被动的动作将要发生The meeting held yesterday is very important.昨天开的那次会议很重要。All the members of the team have attended the meeting
5、 being held.所有的队员都出席了正在举行的这次会议。It is said that there is a meeting to be held in the hall tomorrow.据说明天这个大厅有一场会议要举行。即学即练1单句语法填空Some of the people invited (invite) to the party can* t come.The room is empty except for a bookshelf standing (stand) in one corner.The trees blown (blow) down in the storm
6、have been moved off the road.二、过去分词作宾语补足语1 .过去分词作宾语补足语与宾语的关系过去分词作宾语补足语与宾语有着动宾关系，宾语是过去分词所表示的动作的承受者。He watched the TV set carried out of the room.他看着那台电视机被搬出了这个房间。Last year they had the house rebuilt.去年他们让人重建了这所房子。即学即练2单句语法填空Youd better have your shoes mended(mend).The father wants his daughter taught
7、(teach) the piano.2 .几类能够接过去分词作宾语补足语的动词（短语）（1）表示感觉或心理状态的动词（短语）,如see, watch, observe, find, look at, hear, listen to, feel, notice, think 等。I heard the song sung in English.我听到有人用英语唱这首歌.When we got to school, we saw the door locked.当我们到学校时，看见门锁着。(2)表示“致、使”意义的动词，如have, make, get, keep, leave等。They man
8、aged to make themselves understood by using very simp1e English.他们用了很简易的英语以使别人能听懂。Don* t 1eave those things undone.要把那些事情做完。名师点津“have +宾语+过去分词”可以表示三种含义：表示“让某人做某事”I* 11 have my hair cut tomorrow.明天我要去理发。表示“遭遇某种不幸；受到打击”lie had his wallet stolen.他的钱包被偷了。做某事(主语可能参与其中)I had my house repaired last week.上周
9、，我修补了我的房子。(3)表示“希望、要求”等意义的动词,like, want, wish, order等。The teacher doesn* t wish such questions (to be) discussed in class.老师不希望在课堂上讨论这样的问题。The police, finding the film unhealthy, ordered it banned.警察发现这部电影不健康，令其禁演了。即学即练3单句语法填空I saw an old man knocked(knock) down by a car.Id like the job done(do) whe
10、n I come back from the journey.The speaker raised his voice but still couldn，t make himself heard(hoar).3 . “wiih +宾语+过去分词”结构在“with +宾语+过去分词”结构中，过去分词用作介词with的宾语补足语，这一结构 通常在句中作时间、方式、条件、原因等状语。With water heated, we can see the steam.水被加热后，我们才会看到水蒸气。She stood in front of him, with her eyes fixed on his
11、face.她站在他面前，眼睛注视着他的脸。即学即练4单句语法填空An old man was brought in, with his hands tied （tie） behind his back.With all the work done （do）, I feel very relaxed now.4 .过去分词/现在分词/不定式作宾语补足语的区别（1）感官动词后接复合宾语的比较感官动词（短语）（一感：feel；二听：hear, listen to：四看：see, notice, observe, watch）的宾语补足语主要有三种形式，试比较（以see为例）：see+宾语+doing
12、 sth.看见 正在做某事do sth.看见做了某事（宾语与宾语 补足语之间为 逻辑上的主动 关系）done看见被做（宾语与宾语补足语 、之间为逻辑上的被动关系）1 heard her give a speech on human rights just now.刚才我听见她就人权问题发表了演讲。（主动，完成）I heard her giving a speech on human rights when I passed by the hall yesterday. 昨天经过大厅时，我听见她正在就人权问题发表演讲。（主动，正在进行）To learn English well, we shou
13、ld find opportunities to hear English spoken as much as possible.为了学好英语，我们应该寻找机会并尽可能多地听英语口语。（被动，无时间性）（2）使役动词make, have, get, keep, let后加复合宾语的比较（以make, have为例）:do sth.让做某事（宾语与宾语补足语之间为make +宾语+逻辑上的主动关系）done让被做（宾语与宾语补足语之间为、逻辑上的被动关系）He made his workers work 12 hours a day. 他让他的工人们每天工作12个小时。Hed like to m
14、ake the plan carried out. 他想让这个计划被执行。havc +宾语+do sth.使做某事（宾语与兵语doing sth.使做某事持续补足语之间 为逻辑上的 主动关系）done使被做/遭受（宾语与宾语、补足语之间为逻辑上的被动关系）have还可用于have sth. to do结构，该结构中have作“有讲，不定式作定语。I have something urgent to inform you.我有很紧急的事要通知你们。（3）with复合结构中补足语的比较sb. /sth. doing （表示主动、进行）with sth. done （表示被动、完成）.sth. to
15、 do （表示主动、将来）John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work finished, he gladly accepted it.约翰收到一个晚餐邀请而且他的工作也干完了，他就欣然接受了邀请。With a lot of difficult problems to settle, the newly elected president is having a hard time.因为有很多难题要解决，这位新任总统的日子不好过。即学即练5单句语法填空Listening to music at home is one thin
16、g, going to hear it being performed (perform) 1ive is quite another.The boy made the baby laugh (laugh) by making a face at him.She fell asleep with the light burning (burn).一冲美训练一I.单句语法填空1. The manager was satisfied to see many new products developed (develop) after great effort.2. This is the stat
17、ue of a brave soldier seated (seat) on a horse, with a gun on his back.3. The cars being sold (sell) at the market now are made in Shanghai.4. The airport to b。 completed (complete) next year will help promote tourism in this area.5. The police will come soon to take away the damaged (damage) car.6.
18、 Back from his two-year medical service in Africa, Dr. Lee was very happy to see his mother taken (take) good care of at home.7. Let the work be done(do)immediately.8. Mr. Smith had his house broken(break)into while he was away on holiday.9. I was sleeping when I heard my name cal led(call).10. Tom
19、had the file typed(type)yesterday afternoon.H.短文语法填空The Amber Room was given this name because several tons of amber were used to make it.The 1.selected(select) amber had 2. a beautiful yellow-brown colour like honey. The design of the room was 3. in the fancy style popular in those days. It was als
20、o a treasure 4. decorated (decorate) with gold and jewels, 5. which took the country5 s best 6. artists(artist) about ten years to make.Later, Catherine II had the Amber Room 7. moved(move) to a palace outside St Petersburg where she spent her summers. 8. Sadly(sad), the Amber Room 9. considered (consider) one of the wonders of the world, is now 10. missing(miss).