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1、图表类作文写作方法图表类作文写作方法基础写作基础写作下面的柱状图（bar chart）显示了不同年龄段孩子与父母谈心的情况。Time spent in talking with parents根据上图信息，请以“Heart-to-Heart Talks with Parents”为题，用英语写一篇100120个词的短文。要求如下：1.简要描述图中信息；2.说明原因（如忙于学习或工作、缺少共同话题）；3.谈谈你的看法。Heart-to-Heart Talks with Parents As is shown in the bar chart,children spend less time ha
2、ving heart-to-heart talks with their parents when they grow older.For example,while the 7-9 age group spends as many as 6 hours per week on average,the 16-18 age group spends only half the time.There are two major reasons for this:both parents and children are too busy working or studying,and there
3、arent many topics of common interest for them to talk about.In my opinion,children should let their parents know more about what they are interested in.At the same time,parents should spend more time talking with their children and sharing opinions with them.Only in this way can they better understa
4、nd each other.根据所给图表根据所给图表,用用5 5句话写一篇题为句话写一篇题为“电影与电视电影与电视”的短文。的短文。短文须包括以下要求短文须包括以下要求:A.A.电影观众人数呈逐年下降趋势电影观众人数呈逐年下降趋势;B.B.电视观众人数越来越多电视观众人数越来越多(原因原因:方便、经济、选择范围方便、经济、选择范围););C.C.然而还是有人喜欢看电影然而还是有人喜欢看电影(原因原因:气氛、娱乐气氛、娱乐)。参考词汇参考词汇:decrease v.:decrease v.下降下降 atmosphere n.atmosphere n.氛围氛围 entertainment n.en
5、tertainment n.娱乐娱乐 film goer/TV watcher film goer/TV watcher电影电影/电视观众电视观众(a):Number of TV watchers(b):Number of film goersNumber of People(in thousands)AB参考范文参考范文:1 1 From the table,we can see that film is giving From the table,we can see that film is giving way to TV in our city.way to TV in our ci
6、ty.2 2For example,in 1992,there For example,in 1992,there were less than 10 thousand TV watchers,more than 80 were less than 10 thousand TV watchers,more than 80 thousand film goers,while in 2002,we had about 1 thousand film goers,while in 2002,we had about 1 million TV watchers but only about 10 th
7、ousand film million TV watchers but only about 10 thousand film goers.goers.3 3The number of film goers is decreasing and that The number of film goers is decreasing and that of TV watchers is increasing.of TV watchers is increasing.4 4Televisions are quite Televisions are quite common nowadays and
8、so more and more people turn to TV common nowadays and so more and more people turn to TV because it is convenient and cheap and watchers have a because it is convenient and cheap and watchers have a wide range of programs for them to choose from.wide range of programs for them to choose from.5 5At
9、the At the same time,there are still some people who prefer films same time,there are still some people who prefer films because they like the atmosphere in the cinema as well because they like the atmosphere in the cinema as well as the entertainment as the entertainment 此类题目基本不要求考生对写作内容进行发挥，主要此类题目
10、基本不要求考生对写作内容进行发挥，主要将所给信息用个句子完整准确连贯的表达出来将所给信息用个句子完整准确连贯的表达出来.实实际上就是翻译，连词成句，扩句成文主要考查同学际上就是翻译，连词成句，扩句成文主要考查同学们三方面的能力们三方面的能力:A.信息处理或整理的能力信息处理或整理的能力;如信息之间能否合并为逻辑如信息之间能否合并为逻辑B.关系或处理先后顺序等关系或处理先后顺序等B.组词造句能力组词造句能力;如内容和语言表达的准如内容和语言表达的准确性和合适性确性和合适性C.连句成文能力连句成文能力;信息内容的完整性和连贯性信息内容的完整性和连贯性基础写作的特点：基础写作的特点：1.1.审题审题
11、2.2.列要点列要点3.3.依要点依要点,拟草纲拟草纲,组织成句组织成句.4.4.构篇章构篇章,扩句成文扩句成文.5.5.检查润色检查润色6.6.书写书写基础写作解题步骤：基础写作解题步骤：2004 20072004 2007年人民饮食习惯变化表年人民饮食习惯变化表2004200520062007Grain49%47%45%40%Milk10%12%18%30%Meat17%21%28%34%vegetable24%22%20%20%1)1)是以是以表格表格形式形式,将统计的数据或被说明的事物将统计的数据或被说明的事物直接用表格形式体现出来直接用表格形式体现出来.侧重于数据的排序。侧重于数据的
12、排序。图表类作文的形式及特点图表类作文的形式及特点:%20406080100199520002005State-ownedprivate 美国近年住房产权的变化情况美国近年住房产权的变化情况2)2)表示数据的大小或数量之间的差异的表示数据的大小或数量之间的差异的柱状图柱状图,侧重于数据的对比侧重于数据的对比.近年来看电影与看电视的人数变化情况。近年来看电影与看电视的人数变化情况。(a):Number of TV watchers(b):Number of film goersNumber of People(in thousands)AB3)3)表示数据变化的表示数据变化的曲线图曲线图,侧重数
13、据的变化过程侧重数据的变化过程.APercentage of Average Family Expense in 2000 BPercentage of Average Family Expense in2007Housing 25%other57%Housing32%other46%Fooddrink22%Fooddrink18%4)4)表示总体内部结构变化的表示总体内部结构变化的扇形图扇形图。20002000与与20072007年平均家庭开支情况变化表年平均家庭开支情况变化表.侧重内部结构数据的变化侧重内部结构数据的变化.第一、第一、开门见山地点明本图表所反映的主题开门见山地点明本图表所反
14、映的主题(1(1句句)第二、第二、分析描写数据间的主要差异及趋势分析描写数据间的主要差异及趋势(3(3句句)第三、第三、归纳总结或发表评论归纳总结或发表评论(1(1句句)图表作文的一般结构：图表作文的一般结构：前提前提:结合写作内容结合写作内容.1.The graph/chart/table above 2.the above graph/chart,it can be seen 3.that.3.(正如正如)is shown in the graph,.4.has been shown from the table that第一步：第一步：showsFromAsIt图表类说明文的写作步骤图表
15、类说明文的写作步骤开门见山地点明本图表所反映的主题开门见山地点明本图表所反映的主题,即即conclusion.常使用的词汇有常使用的词汇有:（图表（图表/数据）：数据）：table,chart,graph，figure（数据）（数据）；动词：动词：describe，tell,show,represent常用句型：常用句型：第二步：第二步：分析数据间的分析数据间的主要差异及趋势主要差异及趋势，然后描写（在，然后描写（在描写数据间变化及总趋势特征时，可采用分类式或对比描写数据间变化及总趋势特征时，可采用分类式或对比式以支持主题，并阐明必要的理由）。注意层次。式以支持主题，并阐明必要的理由）。注意层
16、次。即即 facts and reasons增长增长/减少的表达减少的表达:表示上升的动词表示上升的动词:rise，increase，climb，go up,；表示上升的名词表示上升的名词:rise，increase,;表示下降的动词表示下降的动词:fall，decline，decrease，drop，go down,;表示下降的名词表示下降的名词:fall，decline，decrease，drop,；表示平稳表示平稳:remain steady/unchanged常用句型：（常用句型：（Facts）1.There was a great/slight increase/rise in2.T
17、here has been a sudden/slow/rapid fall/drop in3.The rate dropped slightly from 38%into 31%in4.By comparison with,it decreased/increased/fell fromto5.Statistics show a 20%rise/reduction in traffic accidents compared with last year.6.The population owning mobile phones increased by 10%in 1999.倍数的表达:fi
18、ve times as many asdoubledfourmore1.The number/rate has nearly _ （是的两倍）（是的两倍）,as against that of last year.2.The number is that of.（是（是的的5倍倍)=The number is times than in(比多倍比多倍)Reasons:1.The reason is that2.One may think of the change as a of 3.The change in largely results _ the fact that.This brin
19、gs the important fact that.is the key (因素因素)in.It is because of _ resultwhy/forfromoutfactorthat常用表达：常用表达：1.in a ,/in short,（简而言之）（简而言之）/_ 2.speaking（总的来说）（总的来说）2.summary,it is important3.From what has been discussed above,we can (得出结论）得出结论）that4._（很明显地）（很明显地）,if we want to,it is necessary5._(毫无疑问毫无
20、疑问)attention must be paid to6.I _(建议建议)the government take effective measures to 7._,I think(就我来看就我来看)the“golden week”should remain,forObviously/Apparentlydraw the conclusionInwordgenerallyThere is no doubt that第三步：第三步：suggestPersonally归纳总结或发表评论。归纳总结或发表评论。20072007年广东高考基础写作真题回放年广东高考基础写作真题回放偶像偶像(idol)
21、女生女生男生男生伟人伟人18%18%父母父母25%11%影视明星影视明星50%14%体育明星体育明星6%48%没有偶像没有偶像1%9%上周上周,我们以我们以“谁是你的偶像谁是你的偶像”为题为题,在在26002600名学生名学生的中进行了一次调查的中进行了一次调查(survey).(survey).以下是调查数据以下是调查数据:根据以上数据根据以上数据,写一篇短文写一篇短文,包括以下内容包括以下内容;1.1.调查时间调查时间,调查问题以及调查对象调查问题以及调查对象2.2.男女生在以明星为偶像方面的差异男女生在以明星为偶像方面的差异;3.3.“父母父母”在男女生偶像中的排序差异在男女生偶像中的排
22、序差异;4.4.男女声在以伟人为偶像方面的异同男女声在以伟人为偶像方面的异同;5.5.你的偶像及理由你的偶像及理由6.6.只能使用只能使用5 5个句子表达全部内容个句子表达全部内容;7.7.文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称.8.8.句子结构准确句子结构准确;信息内容完整信息内容完整;篇章结构连贯篇章结构连贯.写作内容写作内容:写作要求写作要求:评分标准评分标准:1.1.确定类型确定类型2.2.确定体裁确定体裁 3.3.确定主体时态确定主体时态 4.4.确定主体人称确定主体人称一、审题一、审题:(:(四确定四确定)第三人称第三人称一般现在时一般现在时说明文说明文图表型
23、图表型我的偶像是我的偶像是,因为因为.(.(选择其中的一种的代表选择其中的一种的代表)二二 列要点列要点1.1.调查时间调查时间,调查问题以及调查对象调查问题以及调查对象2.2.2.2.男女生在以明星为偶像方面的差异男女生在以明星为偶像方面的差异;3.3.3.“3.“父母父母”在男女生偶像中的排序差异在男女生偶像中的排序差异;4.4.4.4.男女生在以伟人为偶像方面的异同男女生在以伟人为偶像方面的异同;5.5.5.5.你的偶像及理由你的偶像及理由上周上周,“,“谁是你的偶像谁是你的偶像”,2600”,2600名学生名学生 48%48%男生以体育明星为偶像男生以体育明星为偶像,50%,50%女生
24、以影视明星为偶像女生以影视明星为偶像“父母父母”在男生中排第在男生中排第4,4,在女生中排第在女生中排第2.2.18%18%男生以伟人为偶像男生以伟人为偶像,18%,18%女生以伟人为偶像女生以伟人为偶像.三三 依要点依要点,拟草纲拟草纲,组织成句组织成句.1.上周上周,我们在我们在26002600名学生中做了个关于名学生中做了个关于“谁是你的谁是你的偶像偶像”的调查的调查.2.50%2.50%女生以影视明星为偶像女生以影视明星为偶像,而而48%48%男生以体育明男生以体育明星为偶像星为偶像.3.“3.“父母父母”在女生偶像中排列第二在女生偶像中排列第二,而在男生偶像而在男生偶像中却排列倒数第
25、二中却排列倒数第二.4.4.男生在选择以伟人为偶像的百分比跟女生选择的男生在选择以伟人为偶像的百分比跟女生选择的百分比一样百分比一样.5.5.我的偶像是我的偶像是,因为因为.1.1.上周上周,我们在我们在26002600名学生中做了个关于名学生中做了个关于“谁是你的谁是你的偶像偶像”的调查的调查.2.50%2.50%女生以影视明星为偶像女生以影视明星为偶像,而而48%48%男生以体育明星为偶像男生以体育明星为偶像.3.“3.“父母父母”在女生偶像列表中排列第二在女生偶像列表中排列第二,而在男生偶像列表中却而在男生偶像列表中却排列倒数第二排列倒数第二.4.4.男生在选择以伟人为偶像的百分比跟女生
26、选择的百分比的一样男生在选择以伟人为偶像的百分比跟女生选择的百分比的一样.5.5.我的偶像是我的偶像是,因为因为.Last week,we did a survey among 2,600 students on“Who is your idol”.50%of the girls choose film and TV stars as their idols,but 48%of the boys choose sports stars.“Parents”is the second in the girls list,but the second from the bottom in the b
27、oys list.The percentage of the boys who choose“great figures”is the same as the percentage of the girls.My idol is,because.四四 构篇章构篇章,扩句成文扩句成文.Last week,we did a survey among 2,600 students on“Who is your idol”.50%of the girls choose film and TV stars as their idols,but 48%of the boys choose sports s
28、tars.“Parents”is the second in the girls list,but the second from the bottom in the boys list.The percentage of the boys who choose“great figures”is the same as the percentage of the girls.My idol is,because.注意注意:文章的结构文章的结构,句子的连贯性句子的连贯性.Last week,we did a survey among 2,600 students on“Who is your i
29、dol”.50%of the girls choose film and TV stars as their idols,but 48%of the boys choose sports stars.“Parents”is the second in the girls list,but the second from the bottom in the boys list.The percentage of the boys who choose“great figures”is the same as the percentage of the girls.My idol is,becau
30、se.指文章语意的通顺和语言形式的紧密衔接并符合一定的逻辑关系。指文章语意的通顺和语言形式的紧密衔接并符合一定的逻辑关系。要使文章前后衔接紧密，可采用以下方法：要使文章前后衔接紧密，可采用以下方法：1.1.恰当使用关联词恰当使用关联词.2.2.巧妙使用意思有联系的词或语句巧妙使用意思有联系的词或语句 3.3.适当使用过渡性语句适当使用过渡性语句 文章的连贯性文章的连贯性1.1.恰当使用关联词恰当使用关联词,如如:but,when:but,when，soso，ifif，becausebecause，so thatso that等。等。1)People have found mobile phon
31、es very convenient _they can get in touch with each other whenever and wherever they like.2)This village used to be very small and poor _it has changed a lot since 1978.3)Id like to know _we are allowed to cancel our tickets booking _we can not make the tour for our personal reason.if/whetherifbecau
32、sebut2.2.巧妙使用意思有联系的词或语句巧妙使用意思有联系的词或语句 如如:First,Second,Third,Soon,most excitingly,:First,Second,Third,Soon,most excitingly,Whats more,whats worse,As a result Whats more,whats worse,As a result等。等。1)All the school-age children can study here._,they enjoy free education in it.2)The birds dodo were kill
33、ed for food on a large number._,they died out at last.3)Eating sugar is bad for our teeth._,it may make us fat.As a resultWhats worseWhats more3.3.适当使用过渡性语句适当使用过渡性语句 如如:The reasons are as follows.:The reasons are as follows.Every coin has two sides.Every coin has two sides.All roads lead to Rome.All
34、 roads lead to Rome.As the result/survey shows.As the result/survey shows.We can draw an conclusion.We can draw an conclusion.等等Now in the country areas,there are many children out of school._.First，most families are too poor to send their children to school.Second,some parents think there is no nee
35、d for their daughters to go to school.Third,The reasons are as followsTelevision is not only a convenient source of entertainment,but also a comparatively cheap one.But_,television also has disadvantages,such as its effects on young people.every coin has two sides3.3.适当使用过渡性语句适当使用过渡性语句 如如:The reason
36、s are as follows.:The reasons are as follows.Every coin has two sides.Every coin has two sides.All roads lea to Rome.All roads lea to Rome.As the result/survey shows.As the result/survey shows.We can draw an conclusion.We can draw an conclusion.等等四四 构篇章构篇章,扩句成文扩句成文.Last week,we did a survey among 2,
37、600 students on“Who is your idol”._50%of the girls choose film and TV stars as their idols,but 48%of the boys choose sports stars._“Parents”is the second in the girls list,but the second from the bottom in the boys list._the percentage of the boys who choose“great figures”is the same as the percenta
38、ge of the girls._My idol is,because.The result shows thatFurthermore,However,As for myself,五五 检查润色检查润色 Last week,we did a survey among 2,600 students on“Who is your idol”._50%of the girls choose film and TV stars as their idols,but 48%of the boys choose sports stars._“parents”is the second in the gi
39、rls list,but the second from the bottom in the boys list._the percentage of the boys who choose“great figures”is the same as the percentage of the girls._my idol is,because.prefer/favorThe result shows thatWhats more,whileHowever,As for myself,that Last week,we did a survey among 2,600 students on“W
40、ho is your idol”.The result shows that 50%of the girls choose film and TV stars as their idols,while 48%of the boys favor sports stars.Whats more,“parents”is the second in the girls list,but the second from the bottom in the boys list.However,the percentage of the boys who choose“great figures”is th
41、e same as that of the girls.As for myself,my idol is,because.六六 书写书写 Last week,we did a survey among 2,600 students on“Who is your idol”.The survey shows that 50%of the girls choose film and TV stars as their idols,while 48%of the boys favor sports stars.As the data shows,“parents”ranks the second f
42、or the girls,but the fourth for the bys.However,the percentage of the boys choosing“great figures”is the same as that of the girls.As for myself,My idol is Thomas Edison,because his inventions has greatly changed our life.Possible version:基础写作基础写作 星期一星期一,我们开了个班会讨论我们开了个班会讨论“上大学是高中生上大学是高中生唯一的出路吗唯一的出路吗
43、?”?”以下图表是讨论结果以下图表是讨论结果.Percentage 实战演练实战演练Is it the only way out to go to college?写作内容写作内容:写作要求写作要求:评分标准评分标准:1.1.只能使用只能使用5 5个句子表达全部内容个句子表达全部内容;2.2.文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称.3.3.句子结构准确句子结构准确;信息内容完整信息内容完整;篇章结构连贯篇章结构连贯.根据以上图表数据根据以上图表数据,写一篇短文写一篇短文,包括以下内容包括以下内容;1.1.增长知识增长知识,提高素养提高素养(quality),(qualit
44、y),利于择业利于择业2.2.成功的路不只一条成功的路不只一条.3.3.学费学费(tuition)(tuition)高高,就业难就业难.4.4.你的观点及原因你的观点及原因.1.1.确定类型确定类型2.2.确定体裁确定体裁 3.3.确定主体时态确定主体时态 4.4.确定主体人称确定主体人称一、审题一、审题:(:(四确定四确定)第一人称第一人称/第三人称第三人称一般现在时一般现在时说明文说明文图表型图表型二二 列要点列要点1.1.讨论时间讨论时间,讨论问题以及讨论地点讨论问题以及讨论地点.2.2.星期一星期一,上大学是否是高中生唯一的出路上大学是否是高中生唯一的出路,班会课上班会课上.3.3.2
45、.2.增长知识增长知识,提高素养提高素养(qualities),(qualities),利于择业利于择业4.4.60%60%的同学认为要上大学的同学认为要上大学,5.5.3.3.成功的路不只一条成功的路不只一条.6.6.30%30%的同学认为上不上大学无所谓的同学认为上不上大学无所谓,7.7.4.4.学费学费(tuition)(tuition)高高,就业难就业难.8.8.10%10%的同学不上大学的同学不上大学,9.9.5.5.你的观点及原因你的观点及原因.10.10.就我来说就我来说,因为因为三三 依要点依要点,拟草纲拟草纲,组织成句组织成句.四四 构篇章构篇章,扩句成文扩句成文.五五 检查
46、润色检查润色六六 书写书写1.1.星期一我们在班会课上就星期一我们在班会课上就 “上大学是不是高中生唯一的出路上大学是不是高中生唯一的出路”展开了讨论展开了讨论.2.2.2.60%2.60%的同学认为高中生毕业后应上大学的同学认为高中生毕业后应上大学,因为上大学不仅可以因为上大学不仅可以增长我们的知识增长我们的知识,提高我们的素养提高我们的素养,还有利于我们选择职业还有利于我们选择职业.3.3.3.30%3.30%的同学认为的同学认为,成功的路不只一条成功的路不只一条,我们不一定要上大学我们不一定要上大学.4.4.4.10%4.10%的同学认为的同学认为,大学学费高大学学费高,毕业后就业难度大
47、毕业后就业难度大,不想要上不想要上大学大学.5.5.5.5.在我看来在我看来,三三 依要点依要点,拟草纲拟草纲,组织成句组织成句.We had a discussion on“is it the only way out for senior students to go to college?”at our class meeting on Monday.There are 30%of the students think that“All roads lead to Rome”,and think it is not important whether they go to college
48、 or not.10%students think that they dont go to college for its high tuition and the difficulty of finding jobs after graduated.60%of us consider it very necessary to go to college because it can help us to improve our knowledge as well as our quality,which will be an advantage to find a good job.On
49、Monday,we had a discussion about whether it is the only way out for senior students to go to college at the class meeting.60%of us consider it very necessary to go to college because it can help us to improve our knowledge as well as our quality,which will be an advantage to find a good job.30%of th
50、e students hold the view of“all roads lead to Rome”,thinking it doesnt make any difference whether they will go to college or not.However,the others confirm they dont go to college for its high tuition and it is hard for college graduates to find jobs.In my opinion,we can receive a better education