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1、专题05阅读理解（应用文）【母题来源一】2021年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（甲卷）【母题题文】Take a view, the Landscape （风景）Photographer of the Year Award, was the idea of Charlie Waite, one of todaysmost respected （受尊敬的）landscape photographers.Each year, the high standard （标准）of entries has shownthat the Awards are the perfect platform （平台）t
2、o showcase the very best photography of the British landscape.Takea view is a desirable （有魅力的，吸引人的，值得做的）annual （每年的）competition for photographers fromall comers of the UK and beyond.It was an extremely cold winters evening and freezing fog hung in the air. I climbedto the top of a small rise and rea
3、lised that the mist was little more than a few feet deep, andMike Shepherd（2011）Skiddaw in WinterCumbria, Englandthough it was only a short climb, I found myself completely above it （find +o+oc）andooking at a wonderfully clear view of Skiddaw with the sun setting in thewest（with+o+oc .1 used classic
4、al （古典的）techniques, translated from my college daysspent in the darkroom into Photoshop（过去分词作后置定语）.to achieve theblack一and一white image （图像）,（不定式作目的状语）I was back in my home town of Macclesfield to take some winter images （不定式Timothy Smith（2014）Macclesfield ForestCheshire, England作目的状语）.Walking up a p
5、ath through the forest towards Shutlingsloe. a local high point （现在分词作状语）I came across （偶遇）a small clearing and immediatelythe dead yellow grassesset （notice sb do sth ） against the fresh snow. The smallpine added to（增力口）the interest and I placed it centrally to take view from the foregroundright th
6、rough into the forest.1. Who would most probably enter for Take a view?知，她不想做志愿者工作。2.B【解析】词义猜测题。开头提到这位家长不愿当志愿者，再根据第二段的“She may just need a little persuading.以及下文作者提到的两个例子可知，作者是想让她内心有所触动。对比四个选项可知,B项正确。3.D【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段的第二句 The unwilling parent organizes the meal schedule,sends out emails,and collect
7、s money for end-of-season gifts.”可知,这位家长安排就餐时间表、发送电子邮件，并且为季末 礼品筹款。这些都可表明她是一位好帮手。故选D项。4.B【解析】 细节理解题。根据第四段中的uConnecting to the community as you freely give your time,money,skills,or services provides a real joy. Volunteering just feels so good.” 可知，志愿者工作给她带来了快 乐。故选B项。3For the past two years I have bee
8、n travelling and living abroad.Home has become more of a feeling than a place.I feel at home when I am with my family in London,but I also feel at home in Italy with friends I love.Home is no longer a picture of a house with a front door and some windows.lt is more complicated than that.This is one
9、of the reasons that celebrating the New Year has become very important for me.I do not care about “New Year s resolutions（愿望）“一 living abroad has made me constantly reconsider what kind of person I want to be and how I will live my life,so I don t feel the need to plan for change:! live for change.N
10、ew Year s Eve has become my time to reconnect with the friends,which makes me feel at home.Every year we try to reunite wherever we are,and remember the time when we knew each other so well that we felt like a family.lt is a moment to reconnect and get to know each other again.Last year,we travelled
11、 to a cottage in Ireland where we had no Internet and no neighbours.In the middle of the countryside,away from our constantly changing lives,we were able to become like a little family again.This year,we went to Barcelona.lt was a very big change.We were surrounded by culture and life and joy.There
12、were bars and parties.lt was different,but one thing stayed very much the sameI felt at home again and we felt like a family again.A lot of people feel that New Year s Eve cannot live up to expectations.Ideas such as the “New Year, s kiss” and “resolutions“ create a lot of pressure for people to hav
13、e a night to remember,a night that will change their lives and perhaps make the next year one worth living.! think those people are missing the point.If Christmas is about family,why can t New Year be about friends?1 .What does the underlined word “It” in Paragraph 1 probably mean?A.Family.B.Living
14、abroad.C.Home.D.Staying with friends.2 .Why doesn t the author care about “New Year s resolutions”?A.New Year, s resolutions cannot be reached.B.His lifestyle makes him always ready for change.C.It, s meaningless to make any big changes in life.D.Making New Year s resolutions creates much pressure.3
15、 .What does the author try to convey through his experiences in Ireland and Barcelona?A.Life is peaceful and enjoyable.B.Living abroad is a happy experience.C.Staying with friends makes one feel at home.Travelling abroad enriches one, s life experience.4 .Which of the following can be the best title
16、 for the text?A.New Year s Celebration:How?B.True Friendship:What?C.Living Abroad:Comfortable or Complicated?D.Change:Plan It or Make It?【答案】l.C 2.B3.C4.A1 .C 【解析】代词指代题。根据上文的 “Home is no longer a picture of a house with a front door and some windows.（家不再是一幅有前门和一些窗户的房子的图画）”可知,下文的意思是“家比这更复杂”，所以“It” 指代
17、上文提到的“家”。2 .B【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段中的 “I do not care about New Year s resolutions 一living abroad has made me constantly reconsider what kind of person I want to be and how I will live my life,so I don t feel the need to plan for change:! live for change.?可知，作者不在乎“新年愿望”是因为他的生活方式使他时刻准备着 改变，故选B项。3 .C【解析】 推理判断
18、题。根据第三段中的 “In the middle of the countryside,away from our constantly changing lives,we were able to become like a little family again.” 和第四段中的 “It was different,but one thing stayed very much the same一I felt at home again and we felt like a family again.” 可知，作者试图通过他在爱尔兰 和巴塞罗那的经历表达和朋友待在一起让人有回家的感觉。4 .
19、A【解析】主旨大意题。文章第三段中的New Year s Eve has become my time to reconnect with the friends,which makes me feel at home.”是全文的主题句，结合全文内容可知，这篇文章主要讲了作者如何看待庆 祝新年这个问题，故A项可作为文章的标题。4Growing up in my household meant often hearing live music.When I was six years old,I took a traditional Irish step dance class.I fell i
20、n love and stuck with it for the next seven years.During that time my father also became more involved in the Irish music world,so he would play,and I would dance.My ethnic heritage （族裔归属）is German and Irish,but because I was surrounded by traditional Irish music and dance in my home,! have grown to
21、 be more interested in and connected to my Irish heritage.When I started interning （实习）for the Folklife Festival,! became interested in traditional Basque music and dance and 1 learned that their experience with dance is very similar to my own.There are so far over 170 Basque organizations in 24 cou
22、ntries,with a greater population of Basques outside of the Basque country than in it.The separation they experience from their homeland is both physical and psychological,so being part of a group with the same interests is an important social support system.These organizations contribute to the cont
23、inuation of Basque culture,language,and community,and encourage future generations to learn about their ethnic heritage.One of the ways through which they achieve this is dance.While learning and performing Basque dances,they connect to their heritage,experience a part of their homeland,preserve Bas
24、que culture,and create connections and friendships that last a lifetime.Californian Valerie Arrechea began teaching alongside her father at the age of thirteen and on her own at sixteen.For her,dance is her preferred expression of heritage;it provides a way to be proud of her Basque heritage.The dan
25、ce performances of North American Basque organizations have developed the interest of non-Basque Americans as well.Janet Iribarne from the Basque Dancers explained that their organization is open to anyone,and after seeing her group perform,several of her non-Basque friends have developed their own
26、love of Basque traditions as well.1 .What is the reason for the author s preference for Irish dance?A.Her dance teacher.B.Her love of Irish music.C.Her interning experience.D.Her family s strong root in dance.2 . What is the purpose of Basque organizations?A.To help Basques in need.B.To preserve Bas
27、que culture.C.To provide medical treatment for Basques.D.To support overseas Basque children for education.3 .What s non-Basque Americans attitude towards Basque dance?A.They show no interest in it.B.They find it difficult to learn.C.They are enthusiastic about it.D.They are concerned about its futu
28、re.【答案】l.D2.B 3.Cl.D【解析】根据第一段中的because I was surrounded by.to my Irish heritage.?,可知，作者喜欢爱尔兰 舞蹈是源于家庭氛围的熏陶。2.B【解析】根据第三段中的 “ These organizations contribute to the continuation of Basque culture,language,and community,and encourage future generations to learn about their ethnic heritage”可知,这些巴 斯克组织旨在保护
29、、传承传统文化。3.C【解析】根据末段中的 “The dance performances of North American Basque organizations have developed the interest of non-Basque Americans as well”可知,其他美国人对巴斯克舞蹈感兴趣。5Imagination and fantasy can play an important role in achieving the things we fear.Children know this very well.Fred Epstein,in his book
30、 If I Make It to Fzve,tells a story he heard from one of his friends about Tom,a four-year-old boy with a cancer in his back bone.He came through several operations and a lot of pain by mastering his imagination.Tom loved to pretend,and he particularly loved to play superheroes.Dr. Epstein explained
31、 that it was actually a brilliant way for his young mind to handle the terrifying and painful life he led.The day before his third trip to the operating room,Tom was terribly afraid.Maybe I could go as Superman,?he whispered to his mom.Hearing this,the mother hesitated for a while.She had avoided bu
32、ying the expensive costume（戏装）,but finally she agreed.The next day Tom appeared as the powerful Superman,showing off through the hospital halls and coolly waving his hand to the people greeting him along the way.And Tom,with the strength of his fantasy,successfully made it through the operation.The
33、power of imagination need not be reserved for children only.We all have the power to use our fantasies to attempt things we never thought possible,to go through those things that seem impossible,and to achieve what we never believed we could.Just as Dr.Epstein puts it,“If you can dream it,you can do
34、 it.”It doesnt mean that you should dress as a superhero fbr your next job interview.But,next time you are tested in a way that seems impossible,imagine what it would take to overcome it.Become the person you need to become to win over your challenge and do it in your mind first.So,let your imaginat
35、ion run wild,and dare to dream.1 .What do we know about Tom?A.He was seriously ill.B.He was a dishonest boy.C.He was crazy about magic.D.He was Dr.Epsteins patient.2 .What can be inferred about Toms mother?A.She was a rich lady.B.She refused Toms request.C.She wanted Tom to be a superhero.D.She want
36、ed to get Tom through the pain.3 .When Tom went for the third operation,he.A. pre tended to be painfulB.acted like a superheroC.appeared in poor spiritsD.argued with his mother4.In the last paragraph,you are advised.A.to go through some difficult testsB.to wake up from your wild dreamsC.to become a
37、powerful person in your mindD.to wear expensive clothes for job interviews5.What is the purpose of the passage?A.To tell us an interesting story.B.To help us make right decisions.C.To advise us to care about children.D.To encourage us to use our imagination.【答案】l.A 2.D3.B4.C5.D.A【解析】 细节理解题。根据文章第一段最后
38、两句“with a cancer in his back bone.He came through several operations and a lot of pain”可知,他病得很严重，故选A项。1 .D【解析】 推理判断题。根据文章第三段第三、四句Hearing this, the mother hesitated for a while.She had avoided buying the expensive costume（戏装）,but finally she agreed.”可知,她并不富有;但最终还是同意了汤姆的 请求,为他购买昂贵的戏装，由此推断，她是希望汤姆能度过痛苦关
39、。故选D项。2 .B【解析】 细节理解题。根据第四段第一句 .Tom appeared as the powerful Superman, showing off through the hospital halls and coolly waving his hand to the people greeting him along the way. “（穿着买来的超人服装）可 知,他看起来像是一个强大的超人一样，精神振奋地穿过医院的大厅熊酷地向沿路同他打招呼的人招手。故选 B项。4 .C【解析】 细节理解题。根据最后一段中第一句可排除D项;A项（经历一些困难的测试）和B项（从不羁 梦中醒来
40、）与原文最后一句信息不符;由第三句“Become the person you need to become to win over your challenge and do it in your mind first.”可知,C项（要成为一个内心强大的人）正确。5 .D【解析】 主旨大意题。由文章首句 Imagination and fantasy can play an important role in achieving the things we fear.和全文末句 “So, let your imagination run wild, and dare to dream.” 可
41、知，作者写这篇文章的主 要意图是鼓励我们充分发挥想象力。故D项正确。A. Writers.B. Photographers.C. Painters.D. Tourists.2. What do the works by Shepherd and Smith have in common （有共同之处）?A. They are winter images.B. They are in black and white.C. They show mountainous （多 山的） scenes.D. They focus on （集中）snow-covered forests.3. Where c
42、an the text be found?C. In an art magazine.D. In aA. In a history book. B. In a novel.【答案】l.B 2. A 3.C【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了摄影比赛Take a view以及获奖的相关情况。1.B【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段 “Take a view, the Landscape（风景）Photographer of the Year Award, was the idea of Charlie Waite, one of todays most respected landscape ph
43、otographers.M （ Take a view, 年度风景摄影师奖 是Charlie Waite的主意，他是当今最受尊敬的风景摄影师之一）可知摄影师最有可能参加Take a view。故选B。2 .A【解析】细节理解题。根据 Mike Shepherd 部分 “It was an extremely cold winters evening and freezing fog hung in the air.（那是一个极其寒冷的冬天的晚上，空气中弥漫着冰冷的雾）和Timothy Smith部分“I was back in my home town of Macclesfield to t
44、ake some winter images. （我回到我的家乡 Macclesfield 拍摄一些冬 季的照片）可知Shepherd和Smith的作品的共同之处是它们都是冬天的景象。故选A。3 .C【解析】推理判断题。根据第一段Each year, the high standard of entries has shown that the Awards are the perfect platform to showcase the very best photography of the British landscape. Take a view is a desirable ann
45、ual competition for photographers from all comers of the UK and beyond.v （每年参赛作品的高水准表明，该奖项 是展示英国风景最佳摄影作品的完美平台。对于英国和世界各地的摄影师来说，Take a view是一项令人向 往的年度竞赛）结合下文对两位获奖者及其作品的介绍，可知这篇文章主要介绍了摄影比赛Takeaview以 及获奖的相关情况，最可能出现在一本艺术杂志上。故选C。【母题来源二】2020年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（卷I）【母题题文】Train InformationAll customerson TransLink
46、 servmust be in possession of （拥有）a validticket before boarding. For ticket information, please ask at your local station or call 13 12 30.While Queensland Rail makes every effort to （努力做）ensure （确保）trains run is scheduled （省略句,正如计划的）,there can be no guarantee （保证，担保） of connections between trains o
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