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1、专题03阅读理解（夹叙夹议）【母题来源一】2（）20年，江苏卷【母题题文】I wasl. in the middle of在.中间 the Amazon （亚马逊）with my wife, who was there as a medical researcher. We flew on a small plane to a faraway village. We did not speak （he local language, did not know the customs, and more often than not, did not entirely recognize the
2、 food. We could not have felt more 2.foreign燃词生义陌牛.的We were raised on books and computers, highways and cell phones, but now we were living in a village without running water or electricity It was easy for us to go to sleep at the end of the day feeling a little misunderstood.Then one perfect Amazon
3、ian evening, with monkeys calling from beyond the village green, we played soccer. I am not good at soccer, but that evening it was wonderful, fveryone knew the rules. We all spoke the same language of passes and shois. We understood one another perfectly. As darkness came over the field and the mat
4、ch ended, the goal keeper, Juan, walked over to me and said in a matter-of-fact way, “In your home, do you have a moon too?” I was surprised.After I explained to Juan （hat yes, we did have a moon and yes, it 3.was very similar to与.相彳以 his, I felt 4.a sort of一种，有几分 awe （敬畏）at the possibilities that e
5、xisted in his world. In Juans world, each village could have its own moon. % Juans world, the unknown and undiscovered was vast and 5.marvelous令人惊讶的， 非凡的. Anything was possible.In our society, we know that Earth has only one moon. We have 6.looked at看 our planet from every angle and found all of the
6、 wildest things left to find. I can, from my computer at home, pull up satellite images of Juans village. There are no more continents and no more moons to search for, little left to discover. At least it seems that way.Yet, as I thought about Juan,s question, I was not sure how much more wc could r
7、eally rule out. 1 am, in part, an ant biologist, so my thoughts 7.turned to转向，求助 what we know about insect life and I knew that much in the world of insects remains unknown. How much, though? How ignorant （无知的）arc wc? The question of whatSimilarly, the accident had badly affected my emotion but it a
8、lso allowed me to look more closely inside myself and discover things about myself I would never have realized. I learned how not to judge myself for my new limitations.In 1973, another Icelandic volcano, Eldfell, broke out. Icelanders decided to bomb it with cold water until it froze and chose a di
9、fferent path. After their plan worked, they used the geothermal （地热 的）energy for the next 15 years （o heat their homes. A good example of life bringing lemons, and making lemonade! One must move on from misfortunes, focusing only on the present moment and being hopeful for the future.I ran from Apri
10、l 14th, 2010 to eveiy kind of escape. Eventually I ended up in university for a newfound love in Earth sciences.25. What happened to the writer on April 14th, 2010?A. He 8.was involved in参与,被卷入 a car crash.B. He 9.witnessed（目击，见证 a volcanic eruption.C. He was badly injured on a bike ride.D. He 1（）.w
11、as stuck in陷入 an Icelands airport.26. Which was an effect of the eruption of Eyjafjallajokull?A. The world economy suffered badly.B. Carbon dioxide increased temporarily.C. All of the worlds planes were held up.D. The earth in Iceland was terribly polluted.27. Why did the writer mention the Eldfcll
12、volcano?A. It encouraged him to recover quickly.B. Il 12.broke out爆发 in Iceland on April 14th as well.C. It proved more volcanoes happened in Iceland.D. It showed us how to 13. make the best of充分利用）a 14.given特定的 situation.28. What is the best title for the text?A. Escape from VolcanoesB. Love for Ea
13、rth SciencesC. Attitude Toward NatureD. Inspiration from Disasters【答案】C25. AD26. D【解析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者把自己遭遇突发事件和火山爆发这种自然灾害进行类比，说明遭遇到不幸也 并非都是坏事，面对现实情况要乐观积极，坏事也可以变成好事。25. C 细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的The next moment, metal, flesh and bones were spreading against the pavement in a thunderous crash/X紧接着，金属、肉和骨头在雷鸣般的碰撞
14、声中散落在人行道上。）l44Another cyclist, biking carelessly, had cut me off and sent me super manning toward oncoming traffic.” （ 另一个骑 自行车 的人漫不经心地骑着自行车，把我挡在了前面，把我逼向迎面而来的车流）可知，一个粗心的骑车人撞到 了作者，他遭遇了事故，受伤严重。故选C。26. A细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“Economics all over the world were disturbed.（全世界的经济都受 到了干扰。）可知，艾雅法拉火山爆发后，全世界的经济都受到了干
15、扰，即火山的爆发使全球经济受损。 故选AoD 推理判断题。根据文章笫五段中的“After their plan worked, they used the geotheirnal （地热 的）energy for the next 15 years to heat their homes. （在他们的计划成功后，他们在接下来的15年里使用地热能为他们的 家庭供暖。），并结合“One must move on from misfortunes, focusing only on the present moment and being hopeful for the future. （ 一个人必
16、须从不幸中走出来，只关注当下，对未来充满希望。）可推知，我们应该 充分利用特定的环境，将坏事变为好事。故选D.27. D主旨大意题。本文作者通过讲述自己遭遇和火山爆发带来的好处及坏处，启示人们要积极应对现实 情况。D项：Inspiration from Disasters （灵感来自灾害）符合题意。故选D。3. （2019南昌县莲塘第一中学而三月考）Its often said of British people that they i.are very aware of知道,了 解 each others social rank. Britons can usually 2.work out
17、计算出， 解决 a fellow countrymans background from the way they speak or dress, and may even treat them differently based on this. But although this may have been truer in the past than it is today. Visitors to Britain say that they still notice it. The comic play Pygmalion by the Irish man George Bernard
18、 Shaw （1856-1950）, is a famous exploration of the importance of social rank in British society.The main story of the play concerns a working class girl, Eliza Doolittle, a flower seller from London. Two upper class gentlemen try to see if they can get Doolittle to appear like an upper class lady aft
19、er sending her for elocution lessons. Professor Henry Higgins, a language expert, says it can be done; his friend Colonel Pickering says that its impossible. Even so, Higgins sets out to teach Eliza how to “speak properly.Of course Eliza isnt a lump of clay; she has her own will. She can see that it
20、s in her best interest to go along with Higgins plan to “improve herself5. She wants to be able to sell flowers in a shop3. rather than而不是 on the street. Still, Elizas willfiilness means that its a bumpy （坎坷的）ride for everyone.At the beginning of fourth act, the characters are at home after a ball （
21、舞会）,at which Eliza proved that a flower girl can 4.pass herself off as冒充 a lady after all. She was a triumph at the ball, and Higgins has won his bet.But what happens next? Eliza has her future to worry about. She may be able to fool the upper class into thinking shes one of them, but she isnt reall
22、y one of them.Shaw seems to be telling us that social rank is about more than the someone talks-its about wealth and 5.privilege特权. The whole experiment proves the idea that accents and classes are veiy superficial. The way one speaks and dresses are only markers of class. The class system itself, h
23、owever, is something completely different. 21. According to the text, in Britain, the way a person speaks and dresses.A. determines their social rankused to have a strict codeB. is no longer cared about by other peoplecould affect other opinions of them22. The words “elocution lessons“ underlined in
24、 paragraph 2 probably mean.A. dance lessonsB. speech lessonsC. sales trainingD. dress courses23. What happens to Eliza Doolittle during the experiment by Professor Henry Higgins?A. She is forced to 6.give up放弃 selling Howers on the street.B. She is unwilling to 7.participate in 参力口ihe experiment al
25、first.C. She is thought of as a 8.respectable 令人尊重的upper-class lady at the ball.D. She is afraid that true background will be known by other people.24. What message did Shaw intend to convey in Pygmalion according to the text?A. People should try to improve their accents.B. One can enter （he upper c
26、lass after receiving training.C. The way someone speaks9. makes a big difference（起作用，有意义 to their social status.D. A persons social rank can,t truly be judged by the way they look and talk.【答案】D21. BC22. D【解析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。本文主要通过卖花女的故事讲述了谈吐和穿着会影响一个人的形象，但是我们不 能通过一个人的穿着和谈吐来判断这个人的社会地位。21. D 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“
27、Britons can usually work out a fellow countrymans background from the way they speak or dress, and may even treat them differently based on this.（英国人通常可以从一个人的谈吐或 穿着的方式中看出这个人的背景，甚至可能因此而区别对待他们。）“由此可知，在英国，谈吐和穿着会影 响别人对一个人的看法。故选D.22. B 词句猜测题。根据第二段中的Even so, Higgins sets out to teach Eliza how to speak pr
28、operly.（希金斯 开始教伊莱扎如何“正确地说话“）。”可知，这两位绅士要让伊莱扎去上演说技巧课。可知此处elocution lessons 表示“演说艺术课“，与B项speech lessons演讲课意思相近。故选B。23. C 细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中的“at which Eliza proved that a flower girl can pass herself oftas a lady after all. She was a triumph at the ball.（在这里伊莱扎证明了一个卖花的女孩可以把自己伪装成淑女。她在舞 会上是一个胜利者。）”以及倒数第二段中的“E
29、liza has her future to worry about. She may be able to fool the upper class into thinking shes one of them, but she isnt really one of them.（伊莱扎有她的未来要担心。她也许 能愚弄上层社会，让他们以为她是他们中的一员，但她并不是真正的一员。）“可知，她在舞会上被认为是 上流社会的淑女。故选C。24. D 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的Shaw seems to be telling us that social rank is about more than
30、 the way someone talksits about wealth and privilege. The whole experiment proves the idea that accents and classes are very s叩erficial. （Shaw似乎在告诉我们，社会地位不仅仅足一个人说话的方式，它还关乎财富和特权。整 个实验证明了这种依靠口音和阶层来判断一个人是非常肤浅的。）“可知，也就是说不能通过穿着或谈吐来 判断一个人的社会地位。故选D。we know and do not know constantly 8.bothered 打扰 me.I bega
31、n collecting newspaper articabout new species, new monkey, new spider., and on and on theyappear.appear.drawer quickly filled. I began a second drawer for more general discovcric:new cave systemdiscovered with dozens of nameless species, four hundred species of bacteria found in the human stomach. T
32、he second drawer began to fill and as it did I wondered whether there were bigger discoveries out there, not just species, but life that 9.depends on依赖，取决于 things thought to be useless, life even without DNA.I started a third drawer for these big discoveries. Il fills more slowly, but all the same,
33、it fills.In lO.looking into调查 the stories of biological discovery, I also began to find something else, 1 l.aElection of-群,一系列 scientists, usually 12.brilliani（光辉的，极为成功的，美好的 occasionally half-mad, who made the discoveries. Those scientists very often see the same things that other scientists see, bu
34、t they pay more attention to them, and they focus on them （o the point of exhaustion （穷尽），and at the risk of the ridicule of their peers. In looking for the stories of discovery, i found the stories of these people and how their lives changed our view of the world.We 13.arc repeatedly willing to乐意做.
35、 imagine we have found most of what is left to discover. We14.used to （过去常常14.used to （过去常常think that insects were the smallest organisms （生物），and that nothing lived deeperthan six hundred meters. Yet, when something new 15.turns up出现, 16.more often than not（大多数情况下do not even know its name.1 .How di
36、d the author feel on his arrival in the Amazon?不相称的B.Full of joy.C.Sleepy.D.Regretful.2 .What made that Amazonian evening wonderful?A.He learned more about the local language.B.They had a nice conversation with each other.C.They understood each other while playing.D.He won the soccer game with the g
37、oal keeper.3 .Why was the author surprised at Juans question about the moon?A.The question was too straightforward 简单的，坦诚的.B.Juan knew so little about （he world.C.The author didnt know how to answer.D.The author didnt think Juan was sincere.4 . What was the authors initial purpose of collecting news
38、paper articles?A.To sort out清理,解决 what we have known.B.To deepen his research into Amazonians.C.To improve his reputation as a biologist.D.lb learn more about local cultures.5 .How did those brilliant scientists make great discoveries?A.They shifted (heir viewpoints frequently.B.They followed other
39、scientists closely.C.They often criticized their fellow scientists.D.They conducted in-depth and close studies.6 .What could be the most suitable title for the passage?A.Thc Possible and the Impossible .B.Thc Known and the Unknown .C.The Civilized and the Uncivilized .D.The Ignorant and (he Intellig
40、ent.【答案】LA 2.C 3.B 4.A 5.D 6.B【解析】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者和妻子来到了亚马逊，妻子是一名医学研究者。一踏上这里，作者感 到非常不适应，通过与当地人的接触，作者了解一些人对外部的世界并不了解。在生物多样性发现的过程 中，作者意识到，很多东西是人类已知的，还有很多是人类未知的。1 .推理判断题。根据第一段“We didnt speak the local language, did not know the customs and more often than not, didnt entirely recognize the food. We couldnt
41、have felt more foreign.可知，我们不会说当地的语言,不 了解当 地的风俗习惯，而且往往我们不能完全认识食物，我们感觉非常陌生。由此可知，作者一到达亚马逊感觉 格格不入。故选A项。2 .细节理解题。根据第三段“Everyone knew the rules. We all spoke the same language of passes and shots. We understood one another perfectly.,nJ,每个人都知道规则，在传球和射门方.面，我们说着同样的语言，彼此 非常了解。由此可知，踢球时他们的彼此理解使得他们的亚马逊夜晚很美好。故选
42、C项。3 .推理判断题。根据第四段“In Juans world, the unknown and undiscovered was vast and marvelous.“可知，在胡 安的世界里，未知的东西和未被发现的东西是浩瀚而神奇的。由此判断，胡安对这个世界知之甚少。故选B 项。4 .推理判断题。根据第七段“I began collecting newspaper articles about new species, new spider.,and on and on they appear, my drawer quickly filled, I began a second dra
43、wer for more general discoveries: new cave system discovered with dozens of nameless species .I started a third drawer fbr these big discoveries.“可知, 我开始收集 报纸上关于新物种、新蜘蛛的文章它们源源不断地出现，我的抽屉很快就填满了。我开始用第二个抽 屉来储存更普遍的发现:在新的洞穴系统发现了几十个无名的物种我还为这些重大发现准备了第三个抽 屉。由此判断，作者收集报纸文章的初始目的是为了分类我们所知道的事情。故选A项。5 .细节理解题。根据倒数第
44、二段“but they pay more attention to them ,and they fbcus on them to the point of exhaustion ,and at the risk of the ridicule of their peers.”可知，但他们更多地关注这些发现,他们把注意力集中 在这些发现上直到精疲力竭的地步，冒着被同龄人嘲笑的风险。由此可知，杰出的科学家进行深入细致的 研究，做出重大的发现。故选D项。6 .主旨大意题。通读全文可知，作者和妻子来到了亚马逊。一踏上这里，作者感到非常不适应，通过与当地 人的接触，作者了解到一些人对外部的世界并不了解
45、。在对这里的风土人情和多样化生物的研究过程中， 作者提高了认识，意识到很多东西是人类已知的，还有很多是人类未知的。所以短文的最佳标题为“已知和 未知的事物故选B项。【母题来源二】2020年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试卷H【母题题文】I have a special place in my heart for libraries. I have for 1 .as long as只要，远至 I can remember. | was always an 2. enthusiastic!仃热情的 reader, sometimes reading up to three books a day a
46、s a child. Stories were like air to me and while other kids played ball or went to parties, I lived out adventures through the books 1 checked out from the library.My first job was working at (he Ukiah Library when I was 16 years old .It was a dream job and I did everything from shelving books to re
47、ading to the children for story time.As I grew older and became a mother, the library?, look on呈现 a new place and n added n心ning in my life. I had several children and books were our main source(来源)of entertainment. It was a big deal fbr us to load up and go to the local library, where my kids could
48、 4,pick out挑选, 辨认 books to read or books they wanted me to read to them.I always read ,using different voices ,as though I were acting out (he stories with my voice and they loved it !It was a special time to 5.bond关系 with my children and it 6.filled them with 填充 the wonderment of books .Now, I see my children taking their children to the library and I love that the excitement of going to (he library lives on 7.form generation (o generation 代又 代.As a novelist, Ive found a new relationship with lib