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1、第四题语法填空、一考情今折语法填空，以说明文和记叙文为主，在一篇短文中留出10空白，分为有提示词填空题型 和无提示词填空题型。该题型强调在语篇环境中考查考生加工处理语言信息、分析句子结构、 熟练运用语法知识和词汇知识的能力。以2021年高考英语全国卷为例。年份体裁话题命题分析考点分布全国甲卷记叙文文章介绍了作者游览西安长城的活动。1 .语法填空有注 重基础，突出主 干的特点。2 .体现课标理 念，引导中学英 语教学加强对学 生精细阅读能力 和语言知识运用 能力的培养。主要考查时态语态、介词、非谓语动 词、形容词、连词、冠词等语法知识 点。全国乙卷说明文这是一篇说明文。主 要讲述生态旅游通常 被
2、认为是到原始地区 的低影响旅游。主要考查形容词、名词、代词、固定 句型、冠词、介词、名词、非谓语动 词等语法知识点。全国I卷说明文文章介绍黄山的三种 代表性的事物一云 海，温泉以及台阶。主要考查主语从句、名词、形容词副 词、时态、连词、代词、冠词语法知 识点。例题 (2021年全国I卷)Going to Mount Huangshan reminds me of the popular Beatles songllThe Long and Winding Road”.56 is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-wo
3、rld scenes. The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the lop will remind you how tiny we 57 (human) are.45 .考查形容词。句意：在所有这些展品中，土著绘画是最引人注目的。根据句意及分析句子可知，be动 词 are 后面应跟形容词，the+most+striking。故填 striking。46 .考查名词。句意：在19世纪，当白人移民来到澳大利亚时，土著居民的孩子大多被从父母身边带走， 由白人父母抚养长大。根据本句末尾的while parents可知，空处的seliler
4、应用复数形式做主语。故填settlerso 47.考查被动语态。分析句子可知，children和take away之间是被动关系，因此应用被动语态，再根据空 前的came可知应用一般过去时。故填were taken0.考查介词。句意：有些画作表达了这一主题，能让参观者感动落泪。move sb. to/into tears为固定短语， 意为“使某人感动得落泪”。故填to或into,48 .考查动词不定式。句意：看到小孩子欣赏这样的抽象画真是令人惊奇。分析句子结构可知，固定句型 it is+adj.+to do sth.意为“做某事是怎么样的”，因此空处应用不定式。故填to see。49 .考杳冠
5、词。句意：国家美术馆确实是一个值得参观的景点。分析句子可知，allraction为可数名词单数， 且是元音音素开头，因此空处应用不定冠词an。故填an。六、语法填空06阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的 空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。According to a report of the United Nations, the world wasted about 17% of the food produced, 51 (amount) to 1. 03 billion tons of food last year. Most o
6、f the waste happened at homes. Restaurants were responsible for about 26%. The rest 52(throw) away by stores. Surprisingly, food was wasted 53 thesame rate in poor countries. Many people thought rich countries were more likely 54(waste) food than lessdeveloped countries. However, that turned out not
7、 to be true. In fact, some richer countries wasted far 55 (little) food than the average. But people in richer countries may waste more at restaurants. That certainly seems to be the case in the US, 56 the waste numbers for restaurants arc higher. In some cases, labels (标签) might cause food waste. P
8、eople often throw away food even though its still good to eat, just because the containers Best By“ date has passed. In poor countries, food may be wasted because not all homes have a refrigerator.57 is important for countries to study food waste more carefully in order to figure out some58 (measure
9、) to solve the problem. So far, people 59 (try) some possible uses of food waste,including making food for animals, creating compost (堆肥)lo help crops grow, or burning leftovers to create energy. The most important thing is to keep food from 60 (simple)going into the garbage.【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章指出食物浪费非常严重
10、，而且贫穷国家的食物浪费和发达国家一样，另外 食物上的标签也会导致浪费更多的食物。文章呼吁找出应对食物浪费的措施。51 .考查非谓语动词。句意：根据联合国的一份报告，世界浪费了约17%的粮食产量，去年达到10.3亿吨 粮食。句中已有谓语动词wasted,空处作状语应用非谓语动词，amounl to与逻辑主语food之间是主动关系， 应用现在分词。故填amounting。52 .考查时态和语态。句意：其余的都被商店扔掉了。结合语境，陈述过去的事情，且主语the rest（其余的 食物）和throw之间为被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态，the rest（其余的食物）不可数，be动词用was。
11、故填 was thrown o.考查介词。句意：令人惊讶的是，贫穷国家的粮食浪费率是相同的。结合句意表达“以的速率”用 at the.rate。故填 at。53 .考查不定式。句意：许多人认为富裕国家比欠发达国家更容易浪费粮食。根据be likely to do sth.“有可 能做某事“可知，空处应填不定式。故填to waste。54 .考查比较级。句意：事实上，一些富裕国家浪费的粮食远远低于平均水平。根据than可知，此处应用 little的比较级修饰名词food。故填less。55 .考查定语从句。句意：在美国似乎确实如此，那里餐馆的垃圾数量更高。空处引导非限制性定语从句, 先行词the
12、 US在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导。故填where。56 .考查代词。句意：各国必须更仔细地研究食物垃圾，以便找出一些解决问题的措施。分析可知，此处 为固定句型：it be+adj.+for sb. to do sth.“对于某人来说做某事是 的”，it是形式主语，不定式是真正的主 语。故填II。57 .考查名词的数。句意：各国必须更仔细地研究食物垃圾，以便找出一些解决问题的措施。measure作“措 施”时是可数名词，被some修饰应用其复数形式。故填measures。58 .考查时态。句意：到目前为止，人们已经尝试了食物垃圾的一些可能用途，包括为动物制造食物、制 造堆肥以
13、帮助作物生长，或者燃烧剩菜以产生能量。空处为句子谓语动词，结合语境和时间状语so far判断 为现在完成时，主语people是复数，助动词用have。故填have tried.考查副词。句意：最重要的是防止食物直接进入垃圾箱。修饰动词短语going into the garbege应用副词 形式。故填simply e七、语法填空07阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写I个适当的单词，在给出提示词的 空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Some people love to read books. They cant get enough of the 61 (print)
14、 word. Others have a big appetite for making and eating food. Well, if you arc both an 62 (enthusiasm) reader and eater, you may want to take part in an edible book festival, 63 you can have your book and cat it, too!In such festivals, people create projects and present 64 to judges. There are two r
15、ules: the project must be made of food, and it must be based 65 a book. For example, someone might make the chocolate factory from Charlie and the Chocolate Factory with chocolate bars.Sometimes, judges award prizes fbr the best projects like *Best Pun. A pun is a funny play on words that sound simi
16、lar but have different 66 (meaning), like tale and tail. A possible 67 (win) fbr “Best Pun might show Peter Rabbit, the character from The Tale of Peter Rabbit, with a tail made of marshmallow fluff (棉花糖).68 (make) a pun, the project could be called “The Tail of Peter Rabbit”. 69 title punnyenough t
17、o make the judges laugh!Given the fun and often silly nature, its not surprising that many of these festivals 70(hold) onApril Fools Day!【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一个可食用图书节，在这个节日里，有一些非常有趣的活动，你 可以积极参与，感受节日的快乐。59 .考查非谓语动词。句意：他们对印刷的文字不满足。分析句子结构，此处修饰后面名词word,作前置 定语，因print与word构成被动关系，用过去分词形式。故填printed。60 .考杳形容词。句
18、意：好吧，如果你既是一个热情的读者又是一个食客，你可能想参加一个可食用的图 书节，在那里你可以拥有你的书，也可以吃它！此处修饰后面名词reader and eater,作前置定语，用形容词 形式。enthusiastic热情的，符合题意。故填enthusiastic。61 .考查非限制性定语从句。分析句子结构，此句为非限制性定语从句。先行词book feslival在从句you can have your book and cat it作状语，用关系副词where引导。故填where。62 .考查代词。句意：在这样的节日里，人们创建项目并将其呈现给评委。根据句子，此处指代projects, 作
19、宾语用them。故填them。63 .考查介词。句意：有两条规则：项目必须由食物构成，并且必须基于一本书。be based on与为基 础”，固定搭配。故填on。64 .考查名词。句意：双关语是对听起来相似但含义不同的词的一种有趣的戏法，比如故事和尾巴。根据 句意及心/eand/4，可知此处meaning (含义)用复数形式，作宾语。故填meanings。65 .考查名词。句意：最佳双关语的一个可能的赢家可能是彼得的故事中的人物彼得兔子。根据 Best Pun及show Peter Rabbit,可推测此处表达“获胜者”作主语,结合前面有a, winner获胜者,符合题意。 故填 winner
20、。66 .考杳非谓语动词。句意：为了制作双关语，这个项目可以被称为“彼得兔的尾巴“，一个足以让评委发笑 的标题！分析句子结构，此处用非谓语动词。结合语境，表达目的，用不定式短语。故填To make。67 .考查冠词。根据句子结构，此处作The7?7ofPelerRabbil的同位语，泛指“一个足以让评委发笑的标题”， 用不定冠词a。故填a。68 .考查动词时态语态。句意：考虑到这种乐趣和愚蠢的天性，许多这样的节日都在愚人节举行也就不足 为奇了！分析句子结构，此处作从句的谓语动词，与前面主语many of these festivals构成被动关系，讲述现 在的事实用一般现在时，主语festiv
21、als是复数，故填are held.,八、语法填空08阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写I个适当的单词，在给出提示词的 空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。The impact of pandemic (流行病)on life expectancy (预期寿命),one of the most widely used standards to assess population health, was assessed by a study 71 (publish) in the Infonnational Journal Epidemiology. The study
22、 72 (conduct) by the Oxford Universitys Lcverhuhne Centre for Demographic (人口的)Science.The study revealed that women from 15 countries and men from 1() ended un 73 a lower life expectancy at birth in 2020 compared to 2015.74 biggest drops in life expectancy, however, werewitnessed in men instead of
23、women in most countries. American men were the worst off, with 2.2 years shaved off their life expectancy at birth. Men in Lithuania faced the second 75 (large) impact on their life expectancy, with a cut of 1.7 years.Reductions in life expectancy overall 76 (occur) in 27 of the 29 countries analyze
24、d by the study. Only men and women in Denmark and Norway and women in Finland managed to 77 (successful) avoid drops in life expectancy, the study said. Non-pharmaceulical interventions and strong healthcare systems in these countries were cited as 78(factor) that could help explain (his.All the cou
25、ntries 79 life expectancy dropped had taken an average of 5 、6years 80(achieve). Just a one year increase in life expectancy. The pandemic wiped out of this progress,the study said.【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲的是一项研究发现大流行使人的预期寿命下降。69 .考查非谓语动词。句意：流行病学信息杂志发表的一项研究评估r大流行对预期寿命的影响，预 期寿命是评估人口健康最广泛使用的标准之一。句中谓语是“was as
26、sessed”，空格处是非谓语动词，study和 publish是被动关系，因此空格处用过去分词published,表被动。故填published。70 .考杳动词语态。句意：这项研究是由牛津大学Leverhulme人口科学中心进行的。由by可知，句子用被 动语态，由上文“was assessed by a study(publish) in the Informational Journal Epidemiology”可知，这个研 究是过去进行的，因此空格处用一般过去时的被动语态，即was/were done,主语“The sludy”是单数，因此 空格处是 was conductedo 故
27、填 was conductedo.考查介词。句意：研究显示，与2015年相比，来自15个国家的女性和10个国家的男性在出生时的预 期寿命较低。end up with是固定短语，意为“以而结束/告终”，因此空格处是介词with“故填with。71 .考查定冠词。句意：然而，在大多数国家，预期寿命下降最大的是男性，而不是女性。biggest”是最高 级，前面用定冠词the,位于句首，首字母大写，故填The。72 .考查形容词最高级。句意：立陶宛男性的预期寿命受到的影响排名第二，减少了 1.7年。-the second” 后跟最高级，large的最高级是largest, “the second la
28、rgest”意为“第二大”，故填largest。73 .考查动词时态。句意：该研究分析的29个国家中，有27个国家的预期寿命整体下降。通篇时态是一 般过去时，空格处用过去式occurred。故填occurred。74 .考查副词。句意：研究称，只有丹麦和挪威的男性和女性以及芬兰的女性成功避免了预期寿命下降。 空格处用副词修饰动词avoid, successful的副词是successfully,意为“成功地故填successfully。75 .考查名词复数。句意：这些国家的非药物干预措施和强大的卫生保健系统被列为有助于解释这一现象 的因素。“Non-pharmaceutical intenen
29、tions and strong healthcare systems”是复数，因此空格处用复数 factorso 故填 factorso.考查定语从句。句意：所有预期寿命下降的国家平均都花了 5, 6年的时间。分析句子结构可知，“life expectancy dropped”是定语从句，先行词countries是地方，在从句中作地点状语，因此空格处用关系副词 whereo 故填 where,76 .考查非谓语动词。“it takes/took sb. some time to do”是固定短语，意为“某人花了一些时间做这件事“，其 中it是形式主语，真正的主语是不定式，空格处所在句子是此固
30、定短语的变形，因此空格处用不定式to achieve,故填 to achieveo九、语法填空09阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。White Cane Safety Day is an observance celebrated on October 14 of each year since 1964. It is a day of the White Cane, a tool (hat allows the visually impaired (障碍)people to travel independently and gel 81(identify) ea
31、sily.The White Cane 82 (introduce) by an American man called George A. Bonham. One day, he watched a man who was blind 83 (attempt) to cross a street. The mans canc was black and motorists couldnt see it, so Bonham proposed painting the cane white with a red stripe to make it more noticeable. The id
32、ea quickly 84 (catch) on around the U.S.,making the White Cane an important tool for blind people to move 85 (safe).Today, there are about 17,000,000 people with visual impairment in China, over 8,000,000 of 86 are blind. It is important that people raise awareness of their 87 (exist) and help, impr
33、ove their living conditions.Modern White Canes are becoming more and more lightweight and high-tech, making it 88 (easy) for them to travel independently. 89 it usually takes more effort for them to receive education and pursue careers. Therefore, it is important that the whole society help create 9
34、() barricr-frcc environment for them.【解析】本文是说明文。文章主要讲述白色手杖的由来和中国盲人的现状。77 .考查非谓语动词。句意：那是白色手杖的日子，白色手杖是一种可以让视力受损的人独立旅行，并且 很容易被认出来的工具。固定短语get done,表示“遭受，被的意思，所以用过去分词形式做表语。故 填 identified关注有礼令学科网中小学资源库扫码关注可免费领取180套PPT教学模版令海量教育资源一触即达令新鲜活动资讯即时上线学学科网The hot spring at the foot of the mountain is something you
35、 must try after the climb. It will58(undoubted) help you get refreshed! The amazing thing about the spring is that the colder thetemperature gets, the59 (hot) the spring! Strange, isnt it? But thats how nature is always leaving us60 (astonish).What comes next is the endless series of steps. You cant
36、 help wondering how hard it 61 (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place. Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain, still it highlights the whole adventure 62 offers a place where you can sit down to rest your 63 (ache) legs.As the song goes, this long and w
37、inding road “will never disappear, and it will always stick in the visitors memory, it sure docs in 64(D.While youre in China, Mount Huangshan is 65 must to visit!【答案】56. What 57. humans 58. undoubtedly 59. hotter 60. astonishedwas62, and63. aching64. mine65. a【解析】本文属于说明文。文章介绍黄山的三种代表性的事物云海，温泉以及台阶。56
38、 .考查主语从句。句意：这次经历的惊人之处在于这世界之外的景色。此处是主语从句，从句缺乏主语， 应用what引导,指代“经历的事情故填What。57 .考查名词复数。句意：当你站在黄山山顶看见波涛汹涌般的云海，你会想到我们人类是多么的渺小。human 是we的同位语，we为复数，应用human的复数形式。故填humans,.考查副词。句意：它无疑会帮助你恢复精神！修饰动词help,应用副词undoubtedly”亳无疑问地工 故填 undoubtedly o58 .考查形容词比较级。句意：关于黄山温泉让人惊讶的是，气温越低，温泉越暖和。此处是固定结构“the + 比较级，lhe+比较级”，意为
39、“越，越故填holier。6().考查形容词。句意：但大自然就是这样总是让我们惊讶。此处是“leave +宾语+宾语补足语”，补充说 明宾语us的感受,应用-ed结尾形容词。故填astonished。61 .考查一般过去时。句意：你不禁会想，对当时的人们来说，把这些石头都安置好有多难。分析句子可知， “how hard it 61 (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place”作 wonder 的宾语，it 是从句的形式 主语，不定式为真正主语，谓语动词用单数形式，安置台阶的石头为陈述过去的事情，应用一般过去时。 故填wa
40、s。62 .考查连词。句意：虽然在上山的路匕这是唯一不自然的事情，但它仍然突出了整个冒险，并且提供了 一个你可以坐下来休息你疼痛的双腿的地方。分析句子可知，“highlights the whole adventure”与offers a place” 部分为并列关系，都是作it的谓语，故用并列连词and。63 .考查形容词。句意：虽然在上山的路上，这是唯一不自然的事情，但它仍然突出了整个冒险，并且提供 了 个你可以坐下来休息你疼痛的双腿的地方。分析句子及语境可知，此处应用形容词aching“疼痛的”修饰 名词legs,意为“疼痛的双腿故填aching。64 .考查代词。句意：正如歌中所唱，这
41、条漫长而曲折的道路“永远不会消失”，它将永远留在游客的记忆中。 对我来说确实如此。根据前一句it will always stick in the visitors memory”可知，本句为does指代前一句的 stick,本句缺乏宾语，应用名词性物主代词mine指代my memory。故填mine。65 .考查冠词。句意:当你在中国的时候，黄山是一个你一定要去的地方。must作名词时，意为“绝对必要 的事物”，为可数名词，此处泛指“一个必须去的地方“，应用不定冠词，must是以辅音音索开头的词，应用 a。故填a。?/冷热点题型专练一、语法填空01阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括
42、号内单词的正确形式。A 10-year-old boy, Vidyun R Hcbbar, has won a prestigious (有声望的)international wildlife photography competition for his shot of a spider (make) its web in (he light of a passing tuk tuk. The fifth grader, 2 started taking photographs at the age of three, lives in Bengaluru and 3 (enjoy) cap
43、turing (捕捉) everyday city creatures that are often overlooked. He found this tiny tent spider, with a leg span of less than 15 mm, in its web in 4 gap in a wall at the local theme park. A passing tuk tuk provided the 5 (color) backdrop to set off the spiders web, a network of tangled threads that fo
44、rmed a dome and made it difficult fbr prey (猎物) 6 (escape).You never know where that award-winning image is going to come from. 4tThe judges loved this photo from the beginning of the judging process,“ said Dr. Natalie Cooper. Il is a great reminder to look more 7 (close) at the small animals we liv
45、e 8 every day, and to take your camera with you everywhere.”Vidyun 9 (win) at the age of 10. His photograph also earned him the overall title of Young Wildlife Photographer of the Year, which is open to 10 (photograph) aged up to 18. The famous awards celebrate the beauty of our natural world, inclu
46、ding habitats, animal behaviour and extraordinary species.【答案】I. making 2. who 3. enjoys 4. a 5. colorful#colourful6. to escape7. closely 8. with9. won10. photographers【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述一名10岁的男孩Vidyun R Hebbar羸得了一项享有盛誉的国际野 生动物摄影比赛，并介绍他的作品。1 .考查非谓语动词。句意：一名10岁的男孩Vidyun RHebbar赢得了一项享有盛誉的国际野生动物摄影比 赛，因为他在经过的嘟嘟车的光线下拍摄了一