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1、第一题阅读理解之说明文考情考新阅读理解中每年都涉及到说明文的考查，是必考问题之一。阅读理解说明文，是对事物或 事理进行客观说明的一种文体，它以说明为主要表达方式，通过解说事物或说明事例，到达教 人以知识的目的。以2021年高考英语全国卷为例。话题考点分布命题趋势全国甲卷B篇文章主要介绍了在Port Lympne保 护区的局部黑犀牛现状。细小理解题2推理判断题2从命题形式上来 看，说明文阅读常考 主旨大意题和猜义 题。说明文一般层次 清楚，结构清晰，逻 辑关系清晰。因此考 生在备考时要多加关 注，勤加练习。全国乙卷B篇文章主要介绍了澳大利亚使用固定 的情况，并且表达了固定 是非必需品的观点。推理
2、判断题2主旨大意题1词句猜想题1全国I卷D篇文章介绍了情商的定义以及对有关 于情商未来研究的期望。细节理解题1推理判断题3例题 （2021年全国乙卷）When almost everyone has a mobile phone, why are more than half of Australian homes still paying for a landline （座机）?A. Shape.B. Distance.C. Its own movements.D. Shiny things.11. What can be inferred about robots?A. They have
3、 difficulty in predicting motion.B. They should never be allowed to touch our noses.C. Their sensors are in perfect sync with their hands.D. Their movements are affected by the unsmooth floor.12. What is an advantage that humans have over robots?A. Grabbing things.B. Avoiding danger.C. Controlling s
4、peed.D. Recognizing objects.【答案】9-12 CD A A【解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了机器人行动起来笨手笨脚的原因。9 .细节理解题。根据第一段中“But when it tries to grab a knight, it knocks down a row of pawns. And it loses the game.（但当它试图抓住一个骑士时，它击倒一排卒。它输掉了比赛厂可知，机器人击倒一些棋子，输掉了这 盘棋。应选C。10 .细节理解题。根据第三段中But robots still get confused by anything shiny or
5、 transparent.（但机器人仍然会 对任何闪亮或透明的东西感到困惑）“可知，闪亮的东西可能阻止机器人说出物体确实切位置。应选D。11 .推理判断题。根据第五段中“Physics predicts motion. But on small scales, this can be unpredictable.（物理预 测运动。但在小范围内，这是不可预测的广可推知，机器人在预测运动方面有困难。应选A。12 .细节理解题。根据最后一段Despite these challenges, people grasp things all the time. As you do this, your
6、brain is performing incredible calculation and coordination. You just dont notice it because you do it without thinking.”可知，我们人类不假思索就能抓住东西，即与机器人相比，抓握物体是人类的优势。应选A。四、阅读理解04阅读以下短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最正确选项。Vegetable displays have become surprisingly similar in markets around the world, which offer pri
7、marily commercial vegetables such as tomato, eggplant, onion, carrot, beet, lettuce and broccoli. In other words, world diets are actually becoming more similar and based on fewer crops.A much greater diversity of vegetables exist in traditional food systems, but many of these crops are poorly integ
8、rated in current markets and diets. A total of 1,097 vegetable species, with a great variety of uses and growth forms, are cultivated worldwide. Still, we only seem to be familiar with less than 7% of these species.The diversity of vegetables is more than a local preference. It could play an importa
9、nt role in ensuring adequate levels of nutrition and in meeting the challenges of agricultural production posed by climate change and soil degradation （退化）.Many traditional vegetables are known to have higher nutritional value than commercial vegetables, and are well-adapted to local conditions, exh
10、ibiting resistance to drought, pests, diseases and poor soil conditions. For example, the Mayan spinach （玛雅菠菜）contains exceptional levels of protein, vitamin C and iron, and provides leaves year-round with little water and in poor soil conditions. Traditional crops like this could be strategic in he
11、lping more people meet the recommended levels of fruit and vegetable consumption, which is currently n global health concern.Lack of information on traditional vegetables is a major barrier to their use and promotion because it prevents a wider recognition of their values and understanding of how be
12、st to grow, process and market them. Organizations around the world are placing increasing efforts on promoting these so called forgotten foods，because of their value and potential in bringing nutrition and income benefits to consumers and producers, as well as in strengthening local food traditions
13、. This could be the beginning of a great transformation towards more diverse, vegetable-rich food systems around the world.13. Why are world diets becoming more similar?A. People prefer vegetables rich in nutrition.B. Fewer kinds of vegetables are planted worldwide.C. 7% of vegetable crops lost thei
14、r chances to survive.D. A limited variety of vegetables are available to people.14. What does the underlined word cultivated in Paragraph 2 mean?A. Sold.B. Planted.C. Displayed.D. Promoted.15. . What can be learned from the example of the Mayan spinach?A. Climate change is a great threat to humans.B
15、. Soil degradation affects vegetable diversity.C. Commercial vegetables are highly profitable.D. Many traditional vegetables have great values to us.16. What is the authors attitude towards the future of traditional vegetables?A. Hopeful.B. Doubtful.C. Indifferent.D. Pessimistic.【答案】13-16 DBDA【解析】这是
16、一篇说明文。文章主要说明了蔬菜多样性减少的原因和危害，分析了传统蔬菜的价值及其前 景。13 .推理判断题。根据第一段“Vegetable displays have become surprisingly similar in markets around the world, which offer primarily commercial vegetables such as tomato, eggplant, onion, caixot, beet, lettuce and broccoli. In other words, world diets are actually becomi
17、ng more similar and based on fewer crops.”可矢口， 市场主要供应商业 蔬菜，且种类有限，导致人们可以买到的蔬菜种类类似，因而饮食越来越相似。应选D项。14 .词义猜想题。根据第二段“A total of 1,097 vegetable species, with a great variety of uses and growth forms, are cultivated worldwide. Still, we only seem to be familiar with less than 7% of these species.可知，这 1097
18、 种蔬菜 有多种生长形式，可推断这些蔬菜应该可以在世界范围内种植，但是有很多并不被我们所熟悉，所以 cultivated的意思应该为“种植”，与planted意思一致。应选B项。15 .推理判断题。根据第三段For example, the Mayan spinach （玛雅菠菜）contains exceptional levels of protein, vitamin C and iron, and provides leaves year-round with little water and in poor soil conditions.”可矢口， 玛雅菠菜 营养价值高且易种植；再
19、结合第三段“Many traditional vegetables are known to have higher nutritional value than commercial vegetables, and are well-adapted to local conditions, exhibiting resistance to drought, pests, diseases and poor soil conditions. ”（众所周知，许多传统蔬菜比商业蔬菜具有更高的营养价值，并且很好地适应当地条 件，表现出对干旱、病虫害和不良土壤条件的抵抗力。）可知，传统蔬菜具有很多商业
20、蔬菜不具备的优势， 而玛雅菠菜就是其中这样一种传统蔬菜，可推断传统蔬菜在营养价值、气候适应等方面对我们有着巨大的 价值。应选D项。16 .推理判断题。根据最后段“Organizations around the world are placing increasing efforts on promoting these so called forgotten foods”, because of their value and potential in bringing nutrition and income benefits to consumers and producers, as
21、well as in strengthening local food traditions. This could be the beginning of a great transformation towards more diverse, vegetable-rich food systems around the world.”可知，因为传统蔬菜的价值， 世界各地组织在大力推广它们，作者认为这是一个伟大开端，可推断作者对传统蔬菜的未来充满了希望， 所以A项“有希望的”符合作者对于传统蔬菜未来的态度。应选A项。五、阅读理解05阅读以下短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最正
22、确选项。It is something one half of the population has long suspected and the other half always vocally denied- women really do talk more than men. In fact, women talk almost three times as much as men, with the average woman chalking up 20,000 words in a day - 13,000 more than the average man.Women als
23、o speak more quickly, devote more brainpower to chit-chat, and actually enjoy hearing their own voices, a new book suggests. The book - written by a female psychiatrist, Dr. Luan Brizendine 一 says that inherent （生来就有的）differences between the male and female brain explain why women are naturally more
24、 talkative than men.In The Female Mind, Brizendine says the differences can be traced back to the womb （子宫），where the sex hormone （激素）called testosterone moulds the developing male brain. The areas responsible for communication, emotion and memory are all reduced before a baby boy is born.The result
25、 is that boys - and men - chat less than their female peers and struggle to express their emotions to the same extent. Women have an eight-lane superhighway for processing emotion, while men have a small countryroad J said Brizendine.There are, however, advantages of being the strong, silent type. B
26、rizendine explains in her book that testosterone also reduces the size of the section of the brain involved in hearing - allowing men to become deaf to the most logical arguments put forward by their wives and girlfriends.Other scientists, however, say many of the differences between the male and fe
27、male personality can be explained by social conditioning, with a childs upbringing greatly influencing their character.Deborah Cameron, an Oxford University linguistics professor with a special interest in language and gender, said the amount we talk is influenced by who we are with and what we are
28、doing. If you look through a large number of studies you will find there is little difference between the amount men and women talk J she added.17. Which claim does the book The Female Mind probably support?A. Women enjoy arguing.B. Women are born talkative.C. Women are great public speakers.D. Wome
29、n take pride in their talents.18. Which is closest in meaning to the underlined word “moulds“ in Paragraph 3?A. Influences. B. Stimulates. C. Enlarges.D. Harms.19. How are men affected by testosterone according to Dr. Brizendine?A. They have a small size of brain.B. They are not so logical in talkin
30、g.C. They are usually less communicative.D. They are unwilling to listen to females.20. What message does Cameron cany in the last paragraph?A. Further studies need to be carried out.B. Gender seldom affects ones talking style.C , The amount we talk shapes our character.D. Men talk as much as women
31、on the whole.【答案】17-20 BACD【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是女性话比男性更多，并对其原因进行分析。17 .推理判断题。根据第三段的“In The Female Mind. Brizendine says the differences can be traced back to the womb , where the sex hormone called testosterone moulds the developing male brain. The areas responsible for communication, emotion and memor
32、y are all reduced before a baby boy is bom.”可知， 根据这本书的说法， 话多 不多是在出生前就决定了，加a/eM山d可能支持的说法是女人天生健谈。应选B。18 .词句猜想题。 根据第三段的“The areas responsible for communication, emotion and memory are all reduced before a baby boy is bom.（在男孩出生前，负责沟通、情感和记忆的区域都在减少。广，这说明男孩儿还在子 宫里的时候，被称为睾丸激素的性激素影响了男性大脑的发育，使负责沟通、情感和记忆的区域减少
33、，因 此划线词moulds的意思是“影响，和Influences意思相近，应选A。19 .推理判断题。根据第四段的“The result is that boys - and men - chat less than their female peers and struggle to express their emotions to the same extent.（其结果是，男孩以及男人比他们的女性同伴更少聊天，并且难以在同样程度上表达自己的情感。）“可知，睾丸激素使男性不太爱说话，应选C。20 .细节理解题。根据最后一段的“If you look through a large num
34、ber of studies you will find there is little difference between the amount men and women talk（如果你看过大量的研究，你会发现男人和女人说话的数量 差异不大）”可知，卡梅伦在最后一段传达的信息是总的来说，男人说话的次数和女人一样多，应选D。六、阅读理解06阅读以下短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最正确选项。Charles Darwin once said A man who dares to waste one hour of time has not discovered the va
35、lue of life, If you live one hundred years, that is only equal to twelve-hundred months-and when you break it down even further into days, hours and minutes, it gets more frightening. Why is this relevant? Well, quite simply put: life is short. Spending eight hours every day in a sleep means youre l
36、osing a third of your life to bed. So, the question is: is eight hours the exact amount we need, or is it just a myth?While most scientists agree that between seven and nine hours a night is the optimal amount, this is just a rough estimate. In truth, its a little more complicated than that. It seem
37、s that the amount of sleep you need depends upon your age-with infants needing much more than adults. What does seem apparent is that around seven and a half hours sleep is a good amount. In a study conducted at the University of Surrey Sleep Research Centre, the effects of sleep were monitored.One
38、group slept for six and a half and the other for seven and a half hours per night. While some findings were predictable-irritation and lower concentration in the group who slept less, there were some more surprising findings. The genes of people who had less sleep were affected. Genes associated wit
39、h inflammation （炎症）,the immune system and stress response became more active. The team also observed increases in the activity of genes related to diabetes （糖尿病）and risk of cancer.One of the biggest issues is that myths regarding sleep are constantly perpetuated. For example, have you ever heard tha
40、t you can train yourself to need less or no sleep? Ifs simply not true. We will always need a certain amount of sleep-eight hours might not be the exact sweet spot, and there are factors like age to take into consideration, but one thing is true-there is a certain amount we do actually need.21. What
41、 does the Charles Darwin quote mean?A. Spend an hour sleeping is important.B. Sleeping is valuable and should be valued.C. Life is short and dont waste any time.D. Eight hours is the right amount of time spent in sleeping.22. What is one the factors in considering how much sleep you need?A. The gene
42、. B. The Age.C. The gender. D. The pattern.23. According to the findings, those who sleep less will.A. focus on things more attentivelyB. lose weight easilyC. deal with stress activelyC. deal with stress activelyD. suffer diseases easily24. What does the underlined word “perpetuated“ in the last par
43、agraph probably mean?A. Preserved. B. Challenged. C. Refused.D. Resisted.【答案】21-24 CBDA【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章指出虽然并非每个人都需要79小时的睡眠，但睡眠缺乏确实会诱发一些 疾病。21.推理判断题。根据第一段的If you live one hundred years, that is only equal to twelve-hundred months-and when you break it down even further into days, hours and minutes, it
44、gets more frightening. Why is this relevant? Well, quite simply put: life is short.”可知，如果把生命分解成更小的时间单位，我们会发现生命很短暂。由此 推知，达尔文那句引言A man who dares to waste one hour of time has not discovered the value of life”的意思 是：生命很短暂，不能浪费一点时间。应选C。22 .细节理解题。根据第二段的“It seems that the amount of sleep you need depends u
45、pon your age-with infants needing much more than adults.（你需要的睡眠量似乎取决于你的年龄，婴儿比成年人需要更多的睡眠）” 可知，考虑你需要多少睡眠的因素之一是年龄。应选B。23 .细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的“The genes of people who had less sleep were affected. Genes associated with inflammation （炎症），the immune system and stress response became more active. The team also
46、observed increases in the activity of genes related to diabetes （糖尿病）and risk of cancer可知，睡眠缺乏的人容易患病。 应选D。24 .词句猜想题。根据戈Li线词下文“For example, have you ever heard that you can train yourself to need less or no sleep? Ifs simply not true. ”可知，人们荒谬地相信可以训练自己减少睡眠或不睡。结合划线单词所在句子“One of the biggest issues is t
47、hat myths regarding sleep are constantly perpetuated.（最大的问题是关于睡眠的神话总 是厂可知，关于睡眠的神话总是被保存下来，得以流传，这才导致人们荒谬地相信可以训练自己减少睡 眠或不睡，由此可知划线单词perpetuated意为“保存，与preserved同义。应选A。七、阅读理解07阅读以下短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最正确选项。China is a country with many colorful days and festivals. The Dragon Head Raising Day (Longtaito
48、u) is one of them. This special day is on the second day of the second month in the Chinese lunar calendar （阴历）.It stands for the start of spring and farming. This year, the day falls on March 4th.The dragon is important in Chinese culture. We Chinese people call ourselves the descendants （传人）of the dragon”. Therefore, people celebrate the Dragon Head Raising Day with many customs about dragons.On the day in ancient times, people put ashes （灰）in the kitchen. This was to “lead the dragon into the house”. People believed that with the help of the dragon, they could have a good harvest i