《2023年高考英语复习全国通用第15讲阅读理解七选五(练)(解析版).pdf》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《2023年高考英语复习全国通用第15讲阅读理解七选五(练)(解析版).pdf（8页珍藏版）》请在taowenge.com淘文阁网|工程机械CAD图纸|机械工程制图|CAD装配图下载|SolidWorks_CaTia_CAD_UG_PROE_设计图分享下载上搜索。
1、第 15 讲 阅读理解七选五（练）A Why Do We Find It Hard to Say“No”?As we all know,saying“no”to others is not easy at all.But sometimes we have to learn to say“no”._1_ Below are common reasons why people find it hard to say“no”:_2_ You are a kind soul at heart.You dont want to turn the person away and you want to
2、help when possible,even if it may eat into your time.Afraid of being rude.I was brought up under the idea that saying“no”,especially to people who are older,is rude.This thinking is common in Asian culture,where face saving is important._3_ Wanting to be agreeable.You dont want to alienate(疏远)yourse
3、lf from the group because youre not in agreement.So you agree to others requests.Fear of conflict._4_ This might lead to an ugly confrontation(面对).Even if there isnt,there might be disagreement which might lead to bad effects in the future._5_ Perhaps you are worried saying“no”means closing doors.Fo
4、r example,one of my friends wives was asked to work in another department in her company.Since she liked her team,she didnt want to go.However,she didnt want to say“no”as she felt it would affect her promotion chances in the future.AWanting to help others.BFear of losing chances.CWanting to keep a g
5、ood relationship.DI slowly realized I needed to learn to say“no”.EYou are afraid the person might be angry if you refuse him/her.FIt means not making others look bad or lose face.GTo learn to say“no”,we have to first understand whats stopping us from it.【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了人们说“不”很困难的几点原因。1 G【解析】根据上
6、文“As we all know,saying no to others is not easy at all.But sometimes we have to learn to say no.(我们都知道，对别人说不并不容易。但有时我们必须学会说不)”以及后文“Below are common reasons why people find it hard to say“no”(以下是人们很难说不的常见原因)”可知，本句是在提出为什么说“不”很困难的问题，后文开始解释原因。故 G 选项“要学会说不，我们首先要明白是什么阻止了我们这么做”符合语境，故选 G。2 A【解析】根据后文“You ar
7、e a kind soul at heart.You dont want to turn the person away and you want to help when possible,even if it may eat into your time.(你是一个心地善良的人。你不想拒绝这个人，你想在可能的时候帮助他，即使这会占用你的时间)”可知，本段说明的原因是因为想要帮助别人，而无法拒绝别人。故A 选项“想要帮助别人”符合语境，故选 A。3F【解析】根据上文“Afraid of being rude.I was brought up under the idea that sayin
8、g no,especially to people who are older,is rude.This thinking is common in Asian culture,where face saving is important.(害怕没礼貌。我从小就认为说不，尤其是对年长的人说不是不礼貌的。这种想法在亚洲文化中很常见，在亚洲，面子是很重要的)”可知，上文提到亚洲人要面子，本句进行解释说明：不要让别人难堪或丢脸。故 F 选项“意思是不要让别人难堪或丢脸”符合语境，故选 F。4E【解析】根据后文“This might lead to an ugly confrontation.Even
9、 if there isnt,there might be disagreement which might lead to bad effects in the future.(这可能会导致一场丑陋的对抗。即使没有，也可能会有分歧，这可能会导致在未来不好的影响)”可知，本句是在说明拒绝别人可能会让别人生气，从而导致冲突和分歧，故 E 选项“你害怕如果你拒绝他/她，他/她可能会生气”符合语境，故选 E。5 B【解析】根据后文“Perhaps you are worried saying no means closing doors.For example,one of my friends w
10、ives was asked to work in another department in her company.Since she liked her team,she didnt want to go.However,she didnt want to say“no”as she felt it would affect her promotion chances in the future.(也许你担心说不意味着关上大门。例如，我一个朋友的妻子被要求在她公司的另一个部门工作。因为她喜欢她的团队，所以她不想去。然而，她不想说不，因为她觉得这会影响她未来的晋升机会)”可知，后文的例子表
11、明说不的原因是因为害怕失去机会，故 B 选项“害怕失去机会”符合语境，故选 B。B How Not to Be Awkward Not all of us are outgoing and ready to take the world by storm.Many among us are shy and may even feel kept apart from others.This usually happens when a person is still in his or her teen years and going through the socialization proc
12、ess._6_ Lets try to find answers to the questions.Stay in shape and dress up well Sometimes,awkwardness could be due to being overweight.When you are large in size,you tend to get very self-conscious So,in order to avoid this,get into the habit of exercising every day _7_ If you look as if you have
13、just stepped out of a 1980s film when actually it is 2011,there is no doubt that you are bound to feel awkward about yourself.Be optimistic Another effective tip on how not to feel awkward is to always keep a smile on your face._8_ On the other hand,a smiling,happy and positive think person is appre
14、ciated by everybody So,smile when you meet acquaintances or even strangers,say a cheerful“Hi”and automatically some of your awkwardness will disappear completely!_9_ This one really helps.Awkwardness generally develops when a person remains isolated from others.So,in order to change this situation,j
15、oin groups For instance,if you are a reading lover,join a book club.Joining people in book reading sessions as well as debates will help remove your awkwardness.Choose any activity of your choice,such as playing team sports or joining a dance class,and soon you will find your comfort level around pe
16、ople increasing day by day!Develop your personality Being a book-worm or an Internet addict will not get you anywhere.For self-improvement,take up a hobby that adds meaning to your life.Learn singing or try adventure sports._10_ AParticipate in Team Activities.BLearn how to end a conversation.CSecon
17、dly,have appropriate clothes on.DIf you look sad,nobody will actually like being with you.ESomething as simple as listening to music will do wonders too.FSo,what can a person do to overcome this tendency to be awkward?GAwkwardness could be because you do not have anything in common to talk about.【语篇
18、解读】本文是一篇说明文。作者主要向我们描述了怎样使自己不笨拙不尴尬，并提出了几点建议，如保持体形注意穿着、乐观、参加团体活动、发展个性等。6 F【解析】标题“How Not to Be Awkward”（如何不尴尬）和文章第一段“Many among us are shy and may even feel kept apart from others.”（我们当中的许多人都很害羞，甚至可能感到与他人隔绝。）可知很多人会害羞的心理，这个是引起标题所说的尴尬的原因。下文说到“Lets try to find answers to the questions.”（让我们试着找到问题的答案）标题和上
19、文提到很多人有害羞的心理，会引起尴尬，下文引出解决问题的方法，可推知空处讲述的是如何克服这种尴尬的倾向。故选 F 项。7C【解析】根据本段标题“Stay in shape and dress up well”（保持身材，好好打扮）可知需要保持体形，并穿着打扮好。根据下文“If you look as if you have just stepped out of a 1980s film when actually it is2011,there is no doubt that you are bound to feel awkward about yourself.”(如果你看起来像是刚从
20、 1980 年代的电影中走出来，而实际上是 2011 年，那么毫无疑问，你一定会对自己感到尴尬。)可知下文在谈不符合年代的穿着是多么尴尬。可推知，空处讲的是要穿合适的衣服，承上启下。故选 C 项。8D【解析】根据标题“Be optimistic”（要乐观）可知本段中心思想就是要求我们要有乐观的心态。本段最后一句是“a smiling，happy and positive think person is appreciated by everybody.”（一个面带微笑，开心并积极思考的人会受到每个人的喜欢）可推知如果总是不开心，不乐观面对一切，没有人会喜欢你。选 D 项。9 A【解析】根据第四
21、段“This one really helps.Awkwardness generally develops when a person remains isolated from others.So,in order to change this situation,join groups For instance,if you are a reading lover,join a book club.Joining people in book reading sessions as well as debates will help remove your awkwardness.Cho
22、ose any activity of your choice,such as playing team sports or joining a dance class,and soon you will find your comfort level around people increasing day by day!”（这个真的很有帮助。当一个人与他人保持孤立时，通常会产生尴尬。所以，为了改变这种情况，加入团体例如，如果你是一个阅读爱好者，加入一个读书俱乐部。与人们一起参加读书会和辩论会有助于消除你的尴尬。选择您选择的任何活动，例如参加团队运动或参加舞蹈课，很快您就会发现自己与人相处的
23、舒适度与日俱增！）可知本段主要呼吁人们要参加团队活动。故选A 项。10E【解析】根据本段第二句“For self-improvement，take up a hobby that adds meaning to your life.”（为了自我提升，培养一个为你的生活增添意义的爱好）可知为了提高自己，要开始一个爱好，这个爱好可以给你的生活带来很大的意义。空处前面内容“Learn singing or try adventure sports”（学习唱歌或尝试冒险运动）与 E 选项表达“有时候简单如听音乐这样的事情也会带来奇迹”属于并列的同类型的例子。故选 E 项。C More and more
24、 people are turning to a plant-based lifestyle._11_.It has been shown to help improve overall health,prevent diseases,and increase well-being and happiness.Here are two tips on how to gradually move into plant-based living.Ease Yourself Into It _12_.This isnt necessary and its too hardits because th
25、eyre not giving their body time to ease into it.If youve been eating meat daily(or almost daily)for most of your life,then your bodys going to be a bit confused when its suddenly not getting its regular fix of meat.The best way is to gradually reduce meat from your diet.If you eat meat 3 meals a day
26、,drop it down to 2 meals for a couple of weeks._13_.After that,you can alternate(交替)between“meat days”and“non-meat days”,until youre comfortable going long stretches without eating meat.Make Sure Youre Getting Your Nutrients(营养)If youre going to be plant-based,you have to do much work.That means fig
27、uring out how to develop meal plans that allow you to get your daily doses of proteins,fats,vitamins and minerals.You cant just switch to eating green salads for 3 meals a day and expect to feel good,because you wont.Youll need to start eating a varied diet.Whole grains,like beans and legumes,as wel
28、l as soy foods,can help you get your daily requirements for protein._14_ Thats really all you need to know:make sure that youre taking it easy and giving your body time to adapt,and make sure that youre getting necessary nutrients._15_,youll be able to enjoy plant-based living in no time.AOnce you h
29、ave a clear idea BAs long as youre doing these two things CThese two nutrients are difficult to get from plants DNext,bring it down to a meal a day for a few weeks EHealthy fats can come from things like olive oil and peanuts FThe benefits of a plant-based lifestyle are seemingly endless GA lot of p
30、eople fail because they move straight up into a plant-based lifestyle【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。越来越多的人开始转向以植物为基础的生活方式。短文介绍了关于如何逐步进入以植物为基础的生活方式的两个建议。11F【解析】根据下文“It has been shown to help improve overall health,prevent diseases,and increase well-being and happiness.”（它已被证明有助于改善整体健康，预防疾病，增加福祉和幸福。）可知，选项承接下文说明以植物为基础的
31、生活方式的好处有很多。故 F 选项“以植物为基础的生活方式的好处似乎无穷无尽”切题。故选 F 项。12G【解析】根据标题“Ease Yourself Into It”（慢慢地融入其中）和下文“This isnt necessary and its too hardits because theyre not giving their body time to ease into it.”（这是没有必要的，而且太难了这是因为他们没有给自己的身体时间来适应。）可知，要慢慢地融入以植物为基础的生活方式，下文在解释上文人们未能进入以植物为基础的生活方式的原因。故 G 选项“很多人失败是因为他们直接进入
32、了以植物为基础的生活方式”切题。故选 G 项。13D【解析】根据上文“If you eat meat 3 meals a day,drop it down to 2 meals for a couple of weeks.”（如果你一天吃三顿饭，在接下来的几个星期里减少到两顿。）可知，选项承接上文，说明饭顿数的减少情况。故D 选项“接下来，把它减少到每天一顿饭，持续几个星期”切题。故选 D 项。14E【解析】根据上文“Whole grains,like beans and legumes,as well as soy foods,can help you get your daily requ
33、irements for protein.”（全谷物，如豆类和豆科作物，以及大豆食品，可以帮助你获得每日所需的蛋白质。）可知，选项与上文的“蛋白质的来源”为并列关系，说明健康脂肪的来源。故 E 选项“健康的脂肪可以来自橄榄油和花生”切题。故选 E 项。15B【解析】根据上文“Thats really all you need to know:make sure that youre taking it easy and giving your body time to adapt,and make sure that youre getting necessary nutrients.”（这就
34、是你需要知道的全部：确保你放松，给你的身体时间适应，并确保你获得必要的营养）以及下文“youll be able to enjoy plant-based living in no time”（你很快就能享受以植物为基础的生活方式）可知，选项承上启下，说明只有做了这两件事，才到享受以植物为基础的生活方式。与下文为条件关系。故 B 选项“只要你做了这两件事”切题。故选 B 项。D Were lucky to live in an age when the sum total of human knowledge is pretty available at the click of a butt
35、on.Weve never had access to so much information._16_.So here are a few strategies to sharped your critical thinking.Beware of confirmation prejudice._17_.In repeated experiments,psychologists have shown were much more likely to accept something as evidence if it confirms what we already think we kno
36、w.And were much more likely to discount information if it contradicts our views,which will affect our ability to process information.Acknowledge small difference.In life,most situations are different and complicated.Acknowledge that can enrich the way that we view the world.For example,what colour i
37、s the sky?Well,the obvious answer is blue.But at sunrise or sunset,it can be red.On a cold misty morning,white or grey._18_.Practise intellectual humility(谦逊).One approach to,well,arguing,is to let go of the idea of being“right”.Or at least seriously consider that you might actually be wrong._19_.Re
38、ally try to understand where the other person is coming from.Arguing is just to waste somebodys time._20_.Its more important than ever to know where your information is coming from.Engaging in critical thinking isnt as fun as picking up a pitchfork,or feeling like youre fundamentally right.But in th
39、e long run,it leads to a more curious,educated and harmonious society.which is the biggest win of all.AAvoid mistakes BCheck your sources CWe all enjoy feeling like were right DSo pay attention to differences in many situations EBut not all of whats out there is quite what it seems FSo dont rush to
40、decide,and be actively prepared to change your mind GPutting yourself in the other persons shoes can lead to much more productive outcomes【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了增强批判性思维的几个策略。16 E【解析】上文“Were lucky to live in an age when the sum total of human know ledge is pretty available at the click of a button.(我们很幸
41、运地生活在一个只需点击一个按钮就可以获得人类知识总量的时代)”说明我们生活在一个信息量大而且信息获取非常容易的社会，以及下文“So here are a few strategies to sharped your critical thinking.(因此，这里有一些策略可以提高你的批判性思维)”说明要采取策略提高批判性思维，E 项“但并不是所有东西都和表面看起来一样”与上文构成转折关系，承接下文，符合题意。故选 E。17 C【解析】上文“Beware of confirmation prejudice.(谨防确认偏见)”说明要防止偏见，以及下文“In repeated experiment
42、s,psychologists have shown were much more likely to accept something as evidence if it confirms what we already think we know.(在重复的实验中，心理学家表明，如果某件事证实了我们已经知道的东西，我们就更有可能接受它作为证据)”说明对于已经知道的东西，我们就更可能接受它是对的，C 项“我们都喜欢感觉自己是对的”引出下文，符合题意。故选 C。18D【解析】上文“Acknowledge small difference.In life,most situations are
43、different and complicated.Acknowledge that can enrich the way that we view the world.(承认微小差异。在生活中，大多数情况都是不同和复杂的。承认这些可以丰富我们看待世界的方式)”说明要承认差异，D 项中 differences 是关键词，D 项“因此，请注意许多情况下的差异”承接上文，符合题意。故选 D。19G【解析】下文“Really try to understand where the other person is coming from.(真正试着去理解其他人的想法)”说明要站在其他人的角度思考问题，
44、G 项中 Putting yourself in the other persons shoes 表示“设身处地为他人着想”，G 项“设身处地为他人着想可以带来更富有成效的结果”引出下文，符合题意。故选 G。20B【解析】下文“Its more important than ever to know where your information is coming from.(知道你的信息来自哪里比以往任何时候都重要。)”说明知道信息的来源是很重要的，B 项“核实你的信息来源”引出下文，符合题意。故选 B。E Ever wonder why you get along better with
45、some people over others?Or who might become your lifelong friends or romantic partners?_21_.The sunny person Ever heard of the saying that you are a mix of your five closest friends?When you surround yourself with sweet and caring people,you also catch their positive energy._22_.Just as research sho
46、ws,positive thinking can increase your lifespan,strengthen your immune system and reduce your risk of developing heart diseases.The adventure seeker Whats life without a little adventure?_23_;together you can start journeys that change your life forever.Not only does being adventurous reduce your le
47、vels of anxiety and depression,but it can also make you more intelligent.In addition,the new cultures,environments and experiences can cause your brains to think differently.The natural psychologist When youre having a bad day,its good to have someone who understands you.Good listeners make the best
48、 friends because they have high emotional intelligence,read you well and provide authenticity（真诚）.Often these natural psychologists would like to ask you some questions that help you think about your problems._24_._25_ When you surround yourself with people who value logic and problem-solving,they c
49、an encourage you to use critical thinking instead of just trapping yourself in conflicts.If youre especially the type of person to depend on others to make you feel better,being around logicians can help you become more independent and practical.They will remind you that working through challenges i
50、s more rewarding than passively daydreaming.AThe enthusiastic logician BThe man of action CInstead of telling you what to do,they would rather guide you to potential solutions DBefriend someone who is ready to step out of his comfort zone and travel around EPeople who are positive and optimistic can