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1、初中定语从句讲解 v什么是定语从句呢？什么是定语从句呢？答案：修饰前面某一名词或代词答案：修饰前面某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。的从句叫定语从句。结构：结构：先行词先行词+关系词关系词 +句子句子一、概念一、概念:在复合句中修饰名词或代词的句子在复合句中修饰名词或代词的句子.(在句子中作在句子中作定语定语)(Attributive clause)Harry Porter is a smart boy.Harry Porter is a boy who has magic power.形容词作定语形容词作定语句子作定语句子作定语,修饰修饰boy,叫做叫做定语从句定语从句Harry Porter
2、 is a boy who has magic power.先行词先行词 关系词关系词定语从句定语从句关系关系代词代词关系关系副词副词which,who,whom,whose,thatwhere,when，why The man who lives next to us is a policeman.先行词先行词_ 关系词关系词_ 定语从句定语从句关系词关系词关系代词关系代词:that,which,who,whom,whose关系副词关系副词:when,where,why关系代词：关系代词：指物：指物：that which 指人：指人：who(主主/宾格宾格)that whom（宾格）（宾格）
3、关系代词关系代词that,which引导的定语从句引导的定语从句:如果如果先行词先行词是表示物的是表示物的名词或代词名词或代词，关系，关系代词应用代词应用that、which.(作作主语主语或或宾语宾语)This is a dream.The dream will never come true.This is a dream which/that will never come true.The dog has been found.The dog was lost.The dog which was lost has been found.Practise:1.This is the ho
4、use which is for sale.2.The book which is lying on the floor is mine.which/that 作主语作主语.(不能省不能省)（作主语）（作主语）which/that 作宾语作宾语：（可省略）可省略）This is the card.Ive just received the card.This is the card which/that Ive just received.Practise:1.This is the mistake which/that I always make.2.I still keep the let
5、ters which she wrote to me.3.I lost the pen which my father bought me.()（作宾语）（作宾语）关系代词关系代词who,that,whom引导的定语从引导的定语从句句:如果如果先行词先行词是表示人的名词或代词，是表示人的名词或代词，关系代词应用关系代词应用who,that (作作主语主语或或宾语宾语)whom(作作宾语宾语)who/that 作主语作主语.(不能省不能省)This is the film star.The film star is very popular in China.This is the film s
6、tar who is very popular in China.(作主语作主语)1.The boy who broke the window is called Roy.2.Do you know the man who spoke at the meeting yesterday?3.The girl who is watering the flowers is my cousin./thatwho/whom/that 作宾语：作宾语：(可省略可省略)The man is a famous writer.He described the man just now.The man(who/w
7、hom/that)he described just now is a famous writer.(作宾语）作宾语）1.The boy who(m)I m looking for is my friend.2.The thief has been sent to prison.The police caught the thief last night.The thief whom the police caught last night has been sent to prison.小结：小结：vthat 既可指人，也可指物，作主语，既可指人，也可指物，作主语，不能省略；作宾语，可以省略
8、。不能省略；作宾语，可以省略。vwhich指物，作主语，不能省略；作指物，作主语，不能省略；作宾语，可以省略宾语，可以省略.who 指人，作主语，不能省略；作宾语，指人，作主语，不能省略；作宾语，可以省略可以省略,（常用（常用whom）注注:当关系代词在定语从句中作主语时当关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,定语定语从句的谓语动词形式由先行词定。从句的谓语动词形式由先行词定。有时只能用有时只能用 that,不用不用 which,常见的情况有六种：常见的情况有六种：1.当先行词是当先行词是 all,any,few,little,none,anything,everything,nothing,ever
9、ybody,nobody,everyone,no one 或被它们修饰时。或被它们修饰时。Thats all that I know.Is there anything that I can do for you?He answered few questions that the teacher asked.2.当先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时当先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时 That is the most interesting book that I have ever read.The first thing that I should do is to review my
10、lessons.3.当先行词有当先行词有the very,the only,the same等修等修饰时。饰时。Thats the only thing that I can do now.These are the very words that he used.4.当主句以当主句以 who 或或 which开头时，定语从句的开头时，定语从句的关系词用关系词用 that,而不用而不用 which 或或 who.Who is the girl that spoke to you just now?Which is the pen that you lost?5.先行词同时包括人或物时，关系词用
11、先行词同时包括人或物时，关系词用that.The man and his dog that I always meet are standing by the gate.6.当先行词是当先行词是There be 句型中的句型中的 主语且指物时。主语且指物时。eg.There is little work that is fit for you.没有什么工作适合你做。没有什么工作适合你做。用用who（whom)而不用而不用that的情况的情况v(1)在非限制性定语从句中的先行词指人时，只能用who(whom)。如：My sister,who is studying abroad,sent me
12、a beautiful present just before this Christmas.我姐姐，她在国外学习，就在圣诞节前给我寄来了漂亮的礼物。v(2)当先行词为people和those时，只能用who(whom)。如：Those who want to go there come here please.那些想去那儿的人请来这边。v3)当先行词为one,ones,anyone,everyone,none,all(指人)时，只能用who(whom)。如：Anyone who is against us is our enemy.任何反对我们的人就是我们的敌人。v(4)在there be句
13、型中名词的定语从句多用who(whom)。如：There are students in our class who/whom you have met.我们班有些学生你见过。v(5)当句子中有两个指人的现行词分别带有两个定语从句时，若一个定语从句的引导词为that,那么，另一个定语从句的引导词必定为who。如：The boy that you met just now is Li Mings brother who just graduated from a university.刚才你会到的那个男孩是李明的刚从大学毕业的弟弟。练习题v1.Anyone()breaks the law sho
14、uld be punished.vA who B that C which D whomv2.There is a girl outside()wants to see you.vA whom B that C which D whov3.I met a friend of mine,()had just come from America.vA which B that C who D whomADCwhose 作定语作定语,表示所属关系。表示所属关系。The boy is my classmate.The boys father is a policeman.The boy whose f
15、ather is a policeman is my classmate.vA child _ parents are dead is called an orphan(孤儿孤儿).vA.who B.whose C.whos D.whichExercise 1:用关系代词填空用关系代词填空1.The boy _ is playing ping-pong is my classmate.2.The e-mail _ I received yesterday was from my sister.3.I hate people _ talk much but do little.4.The car
16、 _ my father bought last month is very beautiful.who/thatwhich/thatwho/thatwhich/that5.The man _ hair is white is his grandfather.6.Is there a student _ father is a business man?7.This is the house in _ we have lived for 10 years.8.Ive never heard of the people and things _ you talked about just now
17、.whosewhosewhich that当先行词同时指人和物时，关系代词只能用that.Exercise 2.1.My father and his teacher talked a lot about the persons and things _ they couldnt remember.2.Say all _ you know.3.Is there anything _ I can do for you?thatthatthat当先行词是something,anything,nothing,all 等词时，关系代词只能用that.4.This is the first play _
18、 I have seen since I came here.5.This is the best novel _ I have read.thatthat当先行词被序数词，最高级序数词，最高级等词修饰时，关系代词只能用that.6.Who is the girl _is standing under the tree?7.Which is the machine _ we used last Sunday.当主句是who或或which 引导的特殊疑问句引导的特殊疑问句，而中心词指人或物时，关系代词只能用that.thatthat关系副词：关系副词：when/where/why when 作时
19、间状语作时间状语:She will never forget the day.She was married on that day.She will never forget the day when(=on which)she was married.It was the year.The World War I broke out in the year.It was the year when(=in which)the World War I broke out.When=介词介词 +which where 作地点状语作地点状语I want to know the place.I w
20、as born there.I want to know the place where(=in which)I was born.The table where(=at which)she is sitting is a new one.where =介词介词 +whichwhy 作原因状语作原因状语,其先行词常常是其先行词常常是the reason.That is the reason why(=for which)Im late.I know the reason why he said it.why =for whichExercisev1.October 1,1949 is the
21、day _ the PRC was founded.A.which B.when C.that D.on thatv2.Is that the reason _ you are for the plan.which B.what C.why D.for that v3.October 1,1949 is the day _ the PRC was founded.vA.which B.when C.that D.on thatv4.Is this the place _ you were born?vA.which B.where C.what D.thatv挑战高难度！挑战高难度！v1.Is
22、 this the place _ you were born?vA.which B.where C.what D.thatv2.Is this the place _ some German friends visited last year?vA.which B.where C.what D.whyv3.The house _ the famous writer wrote his works is a museum now.vA.which B.where C.what D.thatv4.The house _ the famous writer bought many years ag
23、o is a museum now.vA.that B.where C.what D.whyv5.He told her the reason_ he is unhappy,but she doesnt believe the reason _ he gives her.vA.why;whyvB.why;whichvC.that;whyvD.which;whyexercisev1.Her bag,in _ she put all her money,has been stolen.vA.that B.whom C.where D.whichv2.A victim is a person,ani
24、mal or thing _ suffers pain,death,harm,etc.vA.which B.why C.when D.thatv3.Who is the girl _ is standing under the tree?vA.when B.as C.that D.whichv4.Everything _ we saw in this film was true.vA.which B.that C.who D.whomv5.Jim passed the driving test,_ surprised everybody in the office.vA.which B.tha
25、t C.this D.itvExercises:vFill in the blanks with appropriate relative pronouns and adverbs.v 1.Is this the room _ you cleaned last time?v 2.Is this the room _ we lived before?v 3.This is the garden _ they stayed for a night.v 4.This is the garden _ they visited last time.v 5.Tom has forgotten the da
26、y _ he left his home.v 6.Tom has forgotten the day _ I told him last day.v 7.She still remembers the year _ she found her first job.v 8.She still remembers the year _ she spent in Jining.thatwherewherethatwhenthatwhenthatvComprehensive exercises.vFill in the blanks with the suitable relative pronoun
27、s or the relative adverbs.v1.Is this the room _ we spent our childhood?v2.This dictionary is the second one _ I bought in the shop.v3.I still remember the date _ I went to Nanjing for the first time.v4.Tom is thinking about the grass and the persons _ he saw in the yard.v5.There are 100 old men in t
28、he street,some of _ are drinking tea.v6.Do you know the days _ you spent on English?v7.All the books _are on the shelf belong to Mary.v8.Are you satisfied with the park _ you visited last time?v9._ we all know,the building will soon be destroyed.v10.I have the same book _ she has.thatthatwhenthatwhomthatthatthatAsas 谢谢观赏谢谢观赏