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1、定语从句【思考：什么是定语？】a lovely girl 一个可爱的小女孩 一 形容词lovely做定语置于名词boy前面the panda in the basin盆里的那只熊猫 一介词短语in the basin做定语置于名词panda后面(1)正在发言的那个男人是钟南山。The man who/that is speaking is zhong nanshan.(2)我想读的那本书是关于钟南山的。The book that/which I want to read is about zhong nanshan.定语从句的定义I：由句子充当定语。在句子中对名词/代词起修饰限定的单词或短语先
2、行词：被定语从句修饰的词。关系词：引导定语从句。定语从句的结构： + She is a lovely girl. The girl is running.合成一:【思考：如何把两个句子连在一起的？】She is alovely girijwho is running.|关系词I：连接先行词和定语从句，引导定语从句代替先行词，在从句中充当一定的句子成分定语从句修饰限定的名词或代词|注意1.关系代词在定语从句中做主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要先行词保持一致。2.关系代词在定语从句中做宾语时，可以省略。/. I am waiting for the girl who /that is wearin
3、g a white coat. （关系代词作）The dictionary (that /which) my sister gave me is very expensive last Sunday. (关系代词作)She will go home where she can rest.基本思路关系词指物用：（1）找定语从句在哪里缺宾语：指人用缺宾语：指人用指物用：（2）看是否缺主干Y（主谓宾）充当定语（的）：（可省）不缺主干地点状语: 原因状语:【注】万能that指人也指物，可充当主语、宾语、表语成分summary定语从句：在复合句中，用来修饰名词或代词的句子先行词：被定语从句修饰的词结构：
4、先行词+关系词+句子关系代词：关系词关系副词：【练习1】找出定语从句，标出先行词、关系词，并讨论关系词在从句中做的成分The book which you borrowed me yesterday is interesting.1. He is the man who lives next door.2. This is the reason why I was lateThis is the town where he was born.3. This is the reason that I told you.【练习2】用关系代词、关系副词填空. This is the man want
5、s to see you.1 . Does the teacher know everybody planted the trees?-Yes, he does.2 . The letter I received from him yesterday is very important.3 . He talked about the classmates and the school he had visited.4 . You have seen the girl sister is a Chinese teacher.5 . I went to the school my father o
6、nce worked.6 . I like the house windows look beautiful.7 . This is the dictionary mom gave me.8 . July and August are the months the weather is hot.1 0 . We lived in a house window faces south.【练习3课后练习题用that,不用which的情况领先行词是不定代词 all, one, few, little, everything, nothing, any, anything, little 等不定代词或
7、被它们修饰时。Is there anything that I can do for you?有什么要我做的事吗？He answered few questions the teacher asked.他几乎没有回答老师的那些问 题。领先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时。This was one of the most interesting books were sold in this book store.这是这家书店售出的最有趣的书之一。 领先行词有the very, the only, thesame等修饰时。(1) That s the only thing we can do n
8、ow.目前我们只能这样了。(2) Those are the very words he used.那就是他的原话。领先行词是一个既指人又指物的并列词组时。They were talking about the persons and things they saw in the factory.他们在谈论在工厂里看到的人和事。当关系代词在定语从句中作表语时。China is not the country that it was.中国已经不是过去的中国了。 当要防止与疑问词which重复时。Which is the car that was made in Beijing?哪辆车是北京制造的
9、？ 领先行词为the way, the time, the period等时，关系代词常用that,但通常被省略。I dont like the way you speak to her.我不喜欢你对她说话的方式。【其他补充知识点】1 who, whom 的用法who和whom指人，who在定语从句中作主语；whom在定语从句中作宾语，在限制性定语 从句中可省略。在口语中可用who代替whom。(1 ) In the beginning, people bought the tomato often got angry.起初，买到西红柿的人常常会生气。(作主语)(2 ) The person
10、you should write to is Mr. Ball.你应该给他写信的人是波尔先生。(whom作宾语能省略)(3 ) His mother,he loved dearly, died in 1818.他很爱你的母亲，她于1818年去世了。(whom引导非限时，作宾语但不能省略)2、whose的用法whose指人或物，在定语从句中作定语，指物时常可用of which取代。(1)1 have a friend father is a mayor.我有个朋友，他父亲是市长。(2 ) We lived in a house window faces south.我们住在窗口朝南的房子里。3、
11、which的用法which指物，在定语从句中作主语和宾语，作宾语时，在限制性定语从句中可省略。(1 ) They needed a plant didnt need as much water as rice.他们需要一种不像水稻那样需要水的作物。(作主语，不能省略)(2 ) It is used to record the tickets passengers buy.它用来记录乘客所购买的车票。(作宾语，可以省略)(4 ) He came late,we all know.我们都知道，他来晚了。(作宾语，在非限制性定语从句中不省略)4、1that的用法that多指物，有时也指人，在定语从句
12、中作主语或宾语，指物时其用法和which大致相同, 但也有区别。(1 ) All the people come from the country work much harder.所有来自农村的人工作都更努力。(that指人，在从句中作主语，不能省略)(2 ) She is the only person I can trust.她是我唯一可以依赖的人。(that指人，在从句中作宾语，可以省略)5、关系代词that和which的区别(1)相同点这两个关系代词引导定语从句时，都可以指物；在从句中都可作主语或宾语；作宾语 时都可省略。(1) The train has just left is for Shanghai.刚开的那列火车是去上海的。(作主语)The film we saw last night is wonderful.我们昨天晚上看的电影好极了。(作宾语，可省略)