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1、会计学1AttributiveClause英语中的限制性定语英语中的限制性定语(dngy)从句从句第一页，共45页。Part One:The desire to use language as a sign of national identityThe desire to use language as a sign of national identityIs a very natural one,and in result language has played a _Is a very natural one,and in result language has played a _p
2、rominent part in national moves.Men have often felt the _prominent part in national moves.Men have often felt the _need to cultivate a given language to show that they areneed to cultivate a given language to show that they aredistinctive from another race whose hegemony they resent._distinctive fro
3、m another race whose hegemony they resent._At the time the United Sates split off from Britain,for ex-_At the time the United Sates split off from Britain,for ex-_ample,there were proposals the independence should be lin-ample,there were proposals the independence should be lin-guistically accepted
4、by the use of a different language from _guistically accepted by the use of a different language from _those of Britain.There was even one proposal that Ameri-_those of Britain.There was even one proposal that Ameri-_cans should adopt Hebrew.Others favoured the adoption of cans should adopt Hebrew.O
5、thers favoured the adoption of 第1页/共45页第二页，共45页。Part TwoGreek,though,as one man put it,things would certainly beGreek,though,as one man put it,things would certainly besimpler for Americans if they stuck on to English and made _simpler for Americans if they stuck on to English and made _the British
6、learn Greek.At the end,as everyone knows,the _the British learn Greek.At the end,as everyone knows,the _two countries adopted the practical and satisfactory solutiontwo countries adopted the practical and satisfactory solutionof carrying with the same language as before._of carrying with the same la
7、nguage as before._ Since nearly two hundred years now,they have shown _ Since nearly two hundred years now,they have shown _the world that political independence and national identity canthe world that political independence and national identity canbe complete without sacrificing the enormous mutua
8、l ad-be complete without sacrificing the enormous mutual ad-vantages of a common language.vantages of a common language.第2页/共45页第三页，共45页。Unit 12 Attributive Clause第3页/共45页第四页，共45页。What is an attributive clause?n nA clause which is functioned as an attributive to modify a noun or a pronoun,and someti
9、mes a sentence.n nMost of the attributive clauses are introduced by relatives(关系关系(gun x)词词).第4页/共45页第五页，共45页。What is a relative and what are the functions of it?n nIt plays some relative functions between the antecedent and the clause.n nIt both introduces the attributive clause and acts as a certa
10、in constituent in the clause in place of the antecedent.n nThe man who wrote this book is a well-known scientist.第5页/共45页第六页，共45页。How many types of relatives are there?How many types of relatives are there?n nRelative pronouns:that,which,who,whom,whosen nRelative adverbs:when,where,why,how第6页/共45页第七
11、页，共45页。What is an antecedent?n nThe word or phrase which is modified by the attributive clause.第7页/共45页第八页，共45页。Where should we put the attributive clause?Where should we put the attributive clause?n nThe attributive clause usually follows the antecedent immediately.第8页/共45页第九页，共45页。1.Attributive cl
12、auses introduced by relative pronouns.n nRelative pronouns can be functioned as subjects,objects or attributives.第9页/共45页第十页，共45页。Examples n nWhere is the girl who(that)was injured in the accident?n nThe man whom(that)you saw just now is our manager.n nIs there anyone here whose name is Wang Lin?第10
13、页/共45页第十一页，共45页。Please be noted!n nThe relative“that”sometimes can be omitted.Under what circumstances?n nIn oral or informal occasions and used as an object.n nHave you found the book(that)you want?第12页/共45页第十三页，共45页。n nWhen the relatives are prepositional objects,we can not use“that”.Instead,we ha
14、ve to use“whom”or“which”.And they cannot be omitted.n nThe book from which(not“that”)I got a lot of useful information was written by a famous physicist.第13页/共45页第十四页，共45页。n nBut when we put the preposition at the end of the sentence and its object in front,we can still use“that”relative.“That”also
15、can be omitted.n nThe book(that/which)I got a lot of useful information from was written by a famous physicist.第14页/共45页第十五页，共45页。n nWho is the boy with whom you were talking a moment ago?n nWho is the boy(that/whom)you were talking with a moment ago?第15页/共45页第十六页，共45页。“ThatThat”must be used as a re
16、lative whenn nthe antecedents are those indefinite pronouns such as“all,everything,something,nothing”n nmodified by“first,last,only,few,much,some,any,no”and the superlative degrees of adjectives.第16页/共45页第十七页，共45页。Please fill in the missing parts.n nI am interested in _ you have told me.n n你告诉我的一切我都
17、感兴趣。你告诉我的一切我都感兴趣。n nHe asked for _ was on the subject.n n他要有关这个内容他要有关这个内容(nirng)的最好的书。的最好的书。all thatthe best book that第17页/共45页第十八页，共45页。n nWhen we have two antecedents and one for people and the other for things,we use“that”to introduce the attributive clause.n nWe were deeply impressed by the teac
18、hers and schools _ we had visited there.that 第18页/共45页第十九页，共45页。2.Attributives clauses introduced by relative adverbsn nThe relative adverbs will be functioned as time,place or cause adverbials in the clause.n nWhen=at,on,in,during whichn nWhere=in,at whichn nWhy=for whichn nHow=in which 第20页/共45页第二
19、十一页，共45页。Please translate:n n他来得正是他来得正是(zhn sh)时候。（我们正急需时候。（我们正急需帮助的那一刻，他来了）帮助的那一刻，他来了）n nHe came at a time when(at which)we were badly in need of help.第21页/共45页第二十二页，共45页。n n我工作我工作(gngzu)的那所学校离这儿不远。的那所学校离这儿不远。n nThe school where(in which)I work is not far from here.第22页/共45页第二十三页，共45页。n n他没有他没有(mi
20、yu)给出理由昨天为什么不来。给出理由昨天为什么不来。n nHe didnt give the reason why(for which)he was absent yesterday.第23页/共45页第二十四页，共45页。n n我们很欣赏我们很欣赏(xnshng)他面对困难的方式。他面对困难的方式。n nWe admired him for the way(in which)he faced his difficulties.第24页/共45页第二十五页，共45页。3.What is the difference between the defining and non-defining
21、3.What is the difference between the defining and non-defining attributive clause?attributive clause?n nDefining and non-defining attributive clauses are differentiated from the relations with the antecedents.第25页/共45页第二十六页，共45页。Please interpret the sentencesn nHe has a daughter who works in a hospi
22、tal.n nHe has a daughter,who works in a hospital.第26页/共45页第二十七页，共45页。4.“as”in attributive clausen n“as”can be used to introduce an attributive clause.It mainly exists in“suchas”or“the same as”structures and represents the antecedents being nouns for people or things.In“the sameas”structure,“that”can
23、 also be used to replace“as”.第27页/共45页第二十八页，共45页。n n让我们讨论一下只跟我们有关的这些让我们讨论一下只跟我们有关的这些(zhxi)问题问题.n nLets discuss only such questions as concern us.(subject)第28页/共45页第二十九页，共45页。n n没有没有(mi yu)人相信如他讲的这种故事人相信如他讲的这种故事n nNo one will believe such stories as he told.(object)第29页/共45页第三十页，共45页。n n我从未见过象他们我从未见过
24、象他们(t men)那样的那种人那样的那种人n nI have never seen such kind of people as they are.(predictative)第30页/共45页第三十一页，共45页。“as”introducing non-defining attributive clausesn nWe can use“as”to introduce an non-defining attributive clause to further clarify the meaning of the previous sentence.n nThe clause can be p
25、ut at the beginning,or middle,or at the end of a sentence.第31页/共45页第三十二页，共45页。Examples n nHe is an Englishman,as I know from his accent.n nAs was usual with him,he went out for a walk after dinner.第32页/共45页第三十三页，共45页。5.The choice of relative pronouns and relative adverbsn nWhich relatives to use has
26、 nothing to do with the functions of antecedents in the main clause,but has everything to do with the functions for relatives to play in the sub clause.n nSee whether the antecedents are for people,for things,for time,for places or causes.n nSee whether they introduce defining or non-defining relati
27、ve clauses.第33页/共45页第三十四页，共45页。Examples n nThis is the place _I spent my childhood.n nThis the place _ I visited last summer.n nThe reason _ he gave was unacceptable.n nThe reason _ he did that was unacceptable.wherewhichwhichwhy第34页/共45页第三十五页，共45页。Fill in each blank with the correct relative pronou
28、n:n nIll give my ticket to _ wants it.n nwhoever第35页/共45页第三十六页，共45页。n nMaupassant,_ you have no doubt heard of,went mad in the end.n nwhom第36页/共45页第三十七页，共45页。n nIt was a meeting _ importance I did not realize at that time.n nwhose第37页/共45页第三十八页，共45页。n nDid you hear _ he said to me just now?n nwhat第3
29、8页/共45页第三十九页，共45页。n nIve never heard of such things _ he said.n nas 第39页/共45页第四十页，共45页。n n_ of us gets home first starts cooking.n nwhichever 第40页/共45页第四十一页，共45页。n nThe village _ you see down there is mentioned in the Domesday Book末日审判末日审判(m r shn pn)书书.n nwhich/that第41页/共45页第四十二页，共45页。n nFord is one of the best-known firms _ turns out cars.n nthat第42页/共45页第四十三页，共45页。n nYou can talk about _ topic you can think of.n nwhatever第43页/共45页第四十四页，共45页。n nThe police,in _ I have great confidence,are trying to find out the man who did it n nwhom第44页/共45页第四十五页，共45页。