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1、Proofreading&Error correction=Test for English Majors nThe passage contains TEN errors.Each indicated line contains a maximum of ONE error.In each case,only ONE word is involved.You should proofread the passage and correct it in the following way.nThey might be a wrong word,a missing word,or an unne
2、cessary word.Part One:The desire to use language as a sign of national identityIs a very natural one,and in result language has played a _prominent part in national moves.Men have often felt the _need to cultivate a given language to show that they aredistinctive from another race whose hegemony the
3、y resent._At the time the United Sates split off from Britain,for ex-_ample,there were proposals the independence should be lin-guistically accepted by the use of a different language from _those of Britain.There was even one proposal that Ameri-_cans should adopt Hebrew.Others favoured the adoption
4、 of Part TwoGreek,though,as one man put it,things would certainly besimpler for Americans if they stuck on to English and made _the British learn Greek.At the end,as everyone knows,the _two countries adopted the practical and satisfactory solutionof carrying with the same language as before._ Since
5、nearly two hundred years now,they have shown _the world that political independence and national identity canbe complete without sacrificing the enormous mutual ad-vantages of a common language.Unit 12 Attributive ClauseWhat is an attributive clause?nA clause which is functioned as an attributive to
6、 modify a noun or a pronoun,and sometimes a sentence.nMost of the attributive clauses are introduced by relatives(关系词关系词).What is a relative and what are the functions of it?nIt plays some relative functions between the antecedent and the clause.nIt both introduces the attributive clause and acts as
7、 a certain constituent in the clause in place of the antecedent.nThe man who wrote this book is a well-known scientist.How many types of relatives are there?nRelative pronouns:that,which,who,whom,whosenRelative adverbs:when,where,why,howWhat is an antecedent?nThe word or phrase which is modified by
8、the attributive clause.Where should we put the attributive clause?nThe attributive clause usually follows the antecedent immediately.1.Attributive clauses introduced by relative pronouns.nRelative pronouns can be functioned as subjects,objects or attributives.Examples nWhere is the girl who(that)was
9、 injured in the accident?nThe man whom(that)you saw just now is our manager.nIs there anyone here whose name is Wang Lin?Please be noted!nThe relative“that”sometimes can be omitted.Under what circumstances?nIn oral or informal occasions and used as an object.nHave you found the book(that)you want?nW
10、hen the relatives are prepositional objects,we can not use“that”.Instead,we have to use“whom”or“which”.And they cannot be omitted.nThe book from which(not“that”)I got a lot of useful information was written by a famous physicist.nBut when we put the preposition at the end of the sentence and its obj
11、ect in front,we can still use“that”relative.“That”also can be omitted.nThe book(that/which)I got a lot of useful information from was written by a famous physicist.nWho is the boy with whom you were talking a moment ago?nWho is the boy(that/whom)you were talking with a moment ago?“That”must be used
12、as a relative whennthe antecedents are those indefinite pronouns such as“all,everything,something,nothing”nmodified by“first,last,only,few,much,some,any,no”and the superlative degrees of adjectives.Please fill in the missing parts.nI am interested in _ you have told me.n你告诉我的一切我都感兴趣。你告诉我的一切我都感兴趣。nHe
13、 asked for _ was on the subject.n他要有关这个内容的最好的书。他要有关这个内容的最好的书。all thatthe best book thatnWhen we have two antecedents and one for people and the other for things,we use“that”to introduce the attributive clause.nWe were deeply impressed by the teachers and schools _ we had visited there.that 2.Attribu
14、tives clauses introduced by relative adverbsnThe relative adverbs will be functioned as time,place or cause adverbials in the clause.nWhen=at,on,in,during whichnWhere=in,at whichnWhy=for whichnHow=in which Please translate:n他来得正是时候。（我们正急需帮助的那一刻，他来得正是时候。（我们正急需帮助的那一刻，他来了）他来了）nHe came at a time when(at
15、 which)we were badly in need of help.n我工作的那所学校离这儿不远。我工作的那所学校离这儿不远。nThe school where(in which)I work is not far from here.n他没有给出理由昨天为什么不来。他没有给出理由昨天为什么不来。nHe didnt give the reason why(for which)he was absent yesterday.n我们很欣赏他面对困难的方式。我们很欣赏他面对困难的方式。nWe admired him for the way(in which)he faced his diffi
16、culties.3.What is the difference between the defining and non-defining attributive clause?nDefining and non-defining attributive clauses are differentiated from the relations with the antecedents.Please interpret the sentencesnHe has a daughter who works in a hospital.nHe has a daughter,who works in
17、 a hospital.4.“as”in attributive clausen“as”can be used to introduce an attributive clause.It mainly exists in“suchas”or“the same as”structures and represents the antecedents being nouns for people or things.In“the sameas”structure,“that”can also be used to replace“as”.n让我们讨论一下只跟我们有关的这些问题让我们讨论一下只跟我们
18、有关的这些问题.nLets discuss only such questions as concern us.(subject)n没有人相信如他讲的这种故事没有人相信如他讲的这种故事nNo one will believe such stories as he told.(object)n我从未见过象他们那样的那种人我从未见过象他们那样的那种人nI have never seen such kind of people as they are.(predictative)“as”introducing non-defining attributive clausesnWe can use“a
19、s”to introduce an non-defining attributive clause to further clarify the meaning of the previous sentence.nThe clause can be put at the beginning,or middle,or at the end of a sentence.Examples nHe is an Englishman,as I know from his accent.nAs was usual with him,he went out for a walk after dinner.5
20、.The choice of relative pronouns and relative adverbsnWhich relatives to use has nothing to do with the functions of antecedents in the main clause,but has everything to do with the functions for relatives to play in the sub clause.nSee whether the antecedents are for people,for things,for time,for
21、places or causes.nSee whether they introduce defining or non-defining relative clauses.Examples nThis is the place _I spent my childhood.nThis the place _ I visited last summer.nThe reason _ he gave was unacceptable.nThe reason _ he did that was unacceptable.wherewhichwhichwhyFill in each blank with
22、 the correct relative pronoun:nIll give my ticket to _ wants it.nwhoevernMaupassant,_ you have no doubt heard of,went mad in the end.nwhomnIt was a meeting _ importance I did not realize at that time.nwhosenDid you hear _ he said to me just now?nwhatnIve never heard of such things _ he said.nas n_ o
23、f us gets home first starts cooking.nwhichever nThe village _ you see down there is mentioned in the Domesday Book末日审判末日审判书书.nwhich/thatnFord is one of the best-known firms _ turns out cars.nthatnYou can talk about _ topic you can think of.nwhatevernThe police,in _ I have great confidence,are trying to find out the man who did it nwhom