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1、Attributive_Clause英语中的限制性定语从句Part One:The desire to use language as a sign of national identityIs a very natural one,and in result language has played a _prominent part in national moves.Men have often felt the _need to cultivate a given language to show that they aredistinctive from another race wh
2、ose hegemony they resent._At the time the United Sates split off from Britain,for ex-_ample,there were proposals the independence should be lin-guistically accepted by the use of a different language from _those of Britain.There was even one proposal that Ameri-_cans should adopt Hebrew.Others favou
3、red the adoption of What is a relative and what are the functions of it?nItplayssomerelativefunctionsbetweentheantecedentandtheclause.nItbothintroducestheattributiveclauseandactsasacertainconstituentintheclauseinplaceoftheantecedent.nThemanwhowrotethisbookisawell-knownscientist.How many types of rel
4、atives are there?nRelativepronouns:that,which,who,whom,whosenRelativeadverbs:when,where,why,howWhat is an antecedent?nThewordorphrasewhichismodifiedbytheattributiveclause.Where should we put the attributive clause?nTheattributiveclauseusuallyfollowstheantecedentimmediately.1.Attributive clauses intr
5、oduced by relative pronouns.nRelativepronounscanbefunctionedassubjects,objectsorattributives.Examples nWhereisthegirlwho(that)wasinjuredintheaccident?nThemanwhom(that)yousawjustnowisourmanager.nIsthereanyoneherewhosenameisWangLin?Please be noted!nTherelative“that”sometimescanbeomitted.Underwhatcircu
6、mstances?nInoralorinformaloccasionsandusedasanobject.nHaveyoufoundthebook(that)youwant?nWhentherelativesareprepositionalobjects,wecannotuse“that”.Instead,wehavetouse“whom”or“which”.Andtheycannotbeomitted.nThebookfromwhich(not“that”)Igotalotofusefulinformationwaswrittenbyafamousphysicist.nButwhenwepu
7、ttheprepositionattheendofthesentenceanditsobjectinfront,wecanstilluse“that”relative.“That”alsocanbeomitted.nThebook(that/which)Igotalotofusefulinformationfromwaswrittenbyafamousphysicist.nWhoistheboywithwhomyouweretalkingamomentago?nWhoistheboy(that/whom)youweretalkingwithamomentago?“That”must be us
8、ed as a relative whenntheantecedentsarethoseindefinitepronounssuchas“all,everything,something,nothing”nmodifiedby“first,last,only,few,much,some,any,no”andthesuperlativedegreesofadjectives.Please fill in the missing parts.nIaminterestedin_youhavetoldme.n你告诉我的一切我都感兴趣。你告诉我的一切我都感兴趣。nHeaskedfor_wasonthes
9、ubject.n他要有关这个内容的最好的书。他要有关这个内容的最好的书。all thatthe best book thatnWhenwehavetwoantecedentsandoneforpeopleandtheotherforthings,weuse“that”tointroducetheattributiveclause.nWeweredeeplyimpressedbytheteachersandschools_wehadvisitedthere.that 2.Attributives clauses introduced by relative adverbsnTherelative
10、adverbswillbefunctionedastime,placeorcauseadverbialsintheclause.nWhen=at,on,in,duringwhichnWhere=in,atwhichnWhy=forwhichnHow=inwhichPlease translate:n他来得正是时候。（我们正急需帮助的那一刻，他来得正是时候。（我们正急需帮助的那一刻，他来了）他来了）nHecameatatimewhen(atwhich)wewerebadlyinneedofhelp.n我工作的那所学校离这儿不远。我工作的那所学校离这儿不远。nTheschoolwhere(inwh
11、ich)Iworkisnotfarfromhere.n他没有给出理由昨天为什么不来。他没有给出理由昨天为什么不来。nHedidntgivethereasonwhy(forwhich)hewasabsentyesterday.n我们很欣赏他面对困难的方式。我们很欣赏他面对困难的方式。nWeadmiredhimfortheway(inwhich)hefacedhisdifficulties.3.What is the difference between the defining and non-defining attributive clause?nDefiningandnon-definin
12、gattributiveclausesaredifferentiatedfromtherelationswiththeantecedents.Please interpret the sentencesnHehasadaughterwhoworksinahospital.nHehasadaughter,whoworksinahospital.4.“as”in attributive clausen“as”canbeusedtointroduceanattributiveclause.Itmainlyexistsin“suchas”or“thesameas”structuresandrepres
13、entstheantecedentsbeingnounsforpeopleorthings.In“thesameas”structure,“that”canalsobeusedtoreplace“as”.n让我们讨论一下只跟我们有关的这些问题让我们讨论一下只跟我们有关的这些问题.nLetsdiscussonlysuchquestionsasconcernus.(subject)n没有人相信如他讲的这种故事没有人相信如他讲的这种故事nNoonewillbelievesuchstoriesashetold.(object)n我从未见过象他们那样的那种人我从未见过象他们那样的那种人nIhavenev
14、erseensuchkindofpeopleastheyare.(predictative)“as”introducing non-defining attributive clausesnWecanuse“as”tointroduceannon-definingattributiveclausetofurtherclarifythemeaningoftheprevioussentence.nTheclausecanbeputatthebeginning,ormiddle,orattheendofasentence.Examples nHeisanEnglishman,asIknowfromh
15、isaccent.nAswasusualwithhim,hewentoutforawalkafterdinner.5.The choice of relative pronouns and relative adverbsnWhichrelativestousehasnothingtodowiththefunctionsofantecedentsinthemainclause,buthaseverythingtodowiththefunctionsforrelativestoplayinthesubclause.nSeewhethertheantecedentsareforpeople,for
16、things,fortime,forplacesorcauses.nSeewhethertheyintroducedefiningornon-definingrelativeclauses.Examples nThisistheplace_Ispentmychildhood.nThistheplace_Ivisitedlastsummer.nThereason_hegavewasunacceptable.nThereason_hedidthatwasunacceptable.wherewhichwhichwhyFill in each blank with the correct relati
17、ve pronoun:nIllgivemyticketto_wantsit.nwhoevernMaupassant,_youhavenodoubtheardof,wentmadintheend.nwhomnItwasameeting_importanceIdidnotrealizeatthattime.nwhosenDidyouhear_hesaidtomejustnow?nwhatnIveneverheardofsuchthings_hesaid.nasn_ofusgetshomefirststartscooking.nwhichevernThevillage_youseedownthereismentionedintheDomesdayBook末日审判末日审判书书.nwhich/thatnFordisoneofthebest-knownfirms_turnsoutcars.nthatnYoucantalkabout_topicyoucanthinkof.nwhatevernThepolice,in_Ihavegreatconfidence,aretryingtofindoutthemanwhodiditnwhom结束语结束语谢谢大家聆听！谢谢大家聆听！46