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1、概要写作（Summary writing），被称为“小作文”。概要写作分值占据 15 分，考查的是考生阅读和写作的综合能力。概要写作所给定的语篇一般在200-250字，内容丰富多样，包含故事、时政、科普等，体裁以记叙文、说明文为主，字数一般要求在 50-60 字，答案尽量符合“Key points of asummary”的要求。一正确认识概要写作一正确认识概要写作1.Definition of summary writing1.Definition of summary writing（概要写作的定义）（概要写作的定义）By summary,we mean a brief restateme
2、nt,in your own words,of the content of a passage,anarticle,a chapter or a book.2.Key points of a summary2.Key points of a summary（概要写作的要点）（概要写作的要点）ConcisenessConciseness（简要性）（简要性）：Omit unnecessary details like examples,explanations and otherunimportant information.Length:1/4-1/3 of the original text
3、.CompletenessCompleteness（完整性）（完整性）：To include all the main and supporting points delivered in youown words in a condensed manner.AccuracyAccuracy（准确性）（准确性）：To give the same attention and stress to the points as the author does.CoherenceCoherence（连贯性）（连贯性）：Rather than an outline listed as key words
4、and phrases,a summary isa paragraph with necessary transitions and function structures to make it flow.ObjectivityObjectivity（客观性）（客观性）：Do not include your own ideas or emotions on the topic.Thesummary should reflect the content of the original passage only.3.Steps to write a summary3.Steps to write
5、 a summary（概要写作的步骤）（概要写作的步骤）1）Skim the text to find out the general theme.2）Analyze the texts structure to divide it into several sections,find out the main idea of eachsection and write it out briefly with your own words.(one sentence)3）Write down the key supporting points for each main idea withou
6、t involving minor details.4）Organize the main and related supporting points in a logical order with necessarytransitions to achieve coherence.5）Proofread for grammatical,spelling and punctuation mistakes.4.Beginning of a summary4.Beginning of a summary（概要写作的开头）（概要写作的开头）Begin your summary with:Begin
7、your summary with:*The authors name*The articles or chapters name*The authors thesis statementa general overview(survey)of the article.The Body:The Body:First of all,the author describesHe then points out thatIn addition,the author talks aboutFinally,the author suggestsSome other introductory phrase
8、s:Some other introductory phrases:*(The author)states in(this article)that*(The author),in(this article)shows that*In(this article),(the author)writes that*As(the author)says in(this article),*The main idea of(the authors article)is*The author believes(holds;maintains;claims;argues;points out;sugges
9、ts;proposes)that+clause*The author talks about(explains;describes;reveals;discusses;focuses on)+n.二记叙文概要写作二记叙文概要写作记叙文体的阅读材料，相比其他文体而言，写概要相对容易。在写概要前，除明确文章主题外，还应抓住六个要素：when,where,who,what,why,how。在这六个要素中，所占内容比重最大的是 what。一般来说，记叙文的故事概要可以用这样的模板来表示：Who did what bybecauseWho did what bybecause不是说每个故事概要都包含 h
10、ow 或 why，有时两者选其一即可。Directions:Directions:Please read the following passage and write a summary of it in no more than 60no more than 60wordswords.I took a trip to a big lake in Indonesia with my family two years ago.It was really a huge lakewith beautiful scenery all around.People were amazed by the
11、endless view in front of our eyes.Later on,unlike other girls,I volunteered to go water-skiing alone.I put on the life jacket,got onthe motorboat immediately and started my engine as soon as possible.The lake seemed broad and endless.I was so thrilled(激动)to enjoy my trip among themountains and water
12、s that I sped my motorboat.Then,after some time,I found myself in themiddle of the endless lake.A sudden fear came around me.I didnt know where I was or evenhow far I had gone from the shore.What was worse,it began to rain and it became very cold andfoggy.I rode everywhere but couldnt find my way ba
13、ck.It was useless for me to cry or shout forhelp.I was so terrified that I began to think about all kinds of horrible things.After floating on thewater helplessly and hopelessly for a long time,suddenly I heard someone calling my name.Soon,a big steamboat sailed to me and they pulled me up to the de
14、ck and asked me if I was hurt.Icouldnt say a word but cried in my fathers arms.材料分析材料分析：根据文本内容，这是一篇故事类的记叙文，要求对其进行概要写作。因此，我们先找出记叙文的六要素：Whentwo years agoWherea trip to a big lake in IndonesiaWho“I”,the writerWhatgot lost;was foundWhygo water-skiing alone;too thrilledResultfather came to her rescue列出了要
15、点之后，就可以用自己的话将要点组织起来，概括成一段约 50 词的通顺概要：The passage tells us the writers experience of adventure.Once the writer was on a trip to alake where she went water-skiing alone.She was so excited and enjoyed herself that soon she gotlost.Fortunately,her father finally came to her rescue.（44 words）三说明文概要写作要点点拨
16、三说明文概要写作要点点拨说明文体的阅读材料内容大致可分为以下几类：现象揭示类：现象揭示类：The article points out the common phenomenon(主题)，which(补充解释)利弊对比类：利弊对比类：The article compares the disadvantages/benefits of A and B.Awhile BThe passage discusses the impact of sth.On the positive side,but it may also研究显示类：研究显示类：The study reveals thatThe pu
17、rpose of the report is to show thatDirections:Directions:Please read the following passage and write a summary of it in no more than 60no more than 60wordswords.A large source of rubbish is packaging material.It often makes up more than 30 percent ofthe total.To understand why this is true,think of
18、the packaging commonly used for a simpleproduct,such as toothpaste.The packaging includes not only the tube for the toothpaste,but alsothe box for the tube.This box is put into a plastic wrapper.Then,the boxes are transported in acardboard container.Most packaging material ends up in a landfill afte
19、r it is thrown away.Though necessary,landfills take up valuable space,often stink（发出恶臭）,and can leak harmful substances into thesoil.Landfills not included,the production of packaging material itself is a major source of air andwater pollution.People are now trying to solve the problems caused by pa
20、ckaging materials.In 1991,Germany took the lead by requiring companies to recycle the packaging used for their goods.Todo this,the companies set up recycling bins in every neighborhood.Consumers now separate theirrubbish into three categoriesmetal,plastic and paper cartons.They then put it into thea
21、ppropriate bin.The rubbish sorted,it is transported to a recycling company for processing.The programme worked well at first.However,the amount of rubbish has begun to increaseagain.One reason for this is that many consumers no longer reduce waste because they think theproblem is solved.It seems tha
22、t to properly deal with the problem of rubbish,everyone mustremain alert and do their part.材料分析材料分析：根据文本内容，这是一篇讲包装材料所带来的问题的说明文，要求对其进行概要写作。因此，我们必须首先弄清每一段落的主要内容是什么。第一段开头第一句话“A large source of rubbish is packaging material.It often makes upmore than 30 percent of the total.”是段落的中心句，同时也点明了文章的主题，后面就在以牙膏为
23、例进行举例说明。第二段主要讲的是包装材料所带来的问题，主要包括两方面，一是垃圾进入填埋场后所造成的污染；二是这些包装材料在生产过程中会产生对空气和水的污染。第三段主要在讲人们正在采取措施解决包装材料所带来的问题，其中第一句“Peopleare now trying to solve the problems caused by packaging materials.”是段落的中心句，后面就在用德国的事情举例说明，政府、制造商和个人采取的措施试图解决包装材料带来的污染问题。第四段开头的 however 至关重要，说明德国的方法尽管起到了一定的作用，但包装材料的污染仍然是一个大问题，我们绝不能放
24、松警惕。弄清了每段的主要内容后，我们就按照概要写作的几个原则对其进行连接，在连接段落时需要添加必要的连接词使其通顺连贯即可：The article points out the problem of packaging.About one third of rubbish results from thepackaging materials,which cause damage to the environment during their production and afterending in landfills.Though the programs carried out to combat the problem are temporarilysuccessful,the problem remains a great concern.(50 words)