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1、概要写作Summary writing，被称为“小作文。概要写作分值占据 15 分，考查的是考生阅读和写作的综合能力。概要写作所给定的语篇一般在 200-250 字，内容丰富多样，包含故事、时政、科普等，体裁以记叙文、说明文为主，字数一般要求在50-60 字，答案尽量符合“Key points of a summary的要求。一正确认识概要写作一正确认识概要写作1.Definition of summary writing1.Definition of summary writing概要写作的定义概要写作的定义By summary,we mean a brief restatement,in
2、your own words,of the content of apassage,an article,a chapter or a book.2.Key points of a summary2.Key points of a summary概要写作的要点概要写作的要点ConcisenessConciseness 简要性简要性：Omit unnecessary details like examples,explanations andother unimportant information.Length:1/4-1/3 of the original text.Completeness
3、Completeness 完整性完整性：To include all the main and supporting points deliveredin you own words in a condensed manner.AccuracyAccuracy准确性准确性：To give the same attention and stress to the points as theauthor does.CoherenceCoherence连贯性连贯性：Rather than an outline listed as key words and phrases,asummary is a
4、 paragraph with necessary transitions and function structures to make itflow.ObjectivityObjectivity客观性客观性：Do not include your own ideas or emotions on the topic.The summary should reflect the content of the original passage only.3.Steps to write a summary3.Steps to write a summary概要写作的步骤概要写作的步骤1Skim
5、 the text to find out the general theme.2Analyze the texts structure to divide it into several sections,find out the mainidea of each section and write it out briefly with your own words.(one sentence)3Write down the key supporting points for each main idea without involvingminor details.4Organize t
6、he main and related supporting points in a logical order withnecessary transitions to achieve coherence.5Proofread for grammatical,spelling and punctuation mistakes.4.Beginning of a summary4.Beginning of a summary概要写作的开头概要写作的开头Begin your summary with:Begin your summary with:*The authors name*The art
7、icles or chapters name*The authors thesis statementa general overview(survey)of the article.The Body:The Body:First of all,the author describesHe then points out thatIn addition,the author talks aboutFinally,the author suggestsSome other introductory phrases:Some other introductory phrases:*(The aut
8、hor)states in(this article)that.*(The author),in(this article)shows that*In(this article),(the author)writes that*As(the author)says in(this article),*The main idea of(the authors article)is*The author believes(holds;maintains;claims;argues;points out;suggests;proposes)that+clause*The author talks a
9、bout(explains;describes;reveals;discusses;focuses on)+n.二记叙文概要写作二记叙文概要写作记叙文体的阅读材料，相比其他文体而言，写概要相对容易。在写概要前，除明确文章主题外，还应抓住六个要素：when,where,who,what,why,how。在这六个要素中，所占内容比重最大的是 what。一般来说，记叙文的故事概要可以用这样的模板来表示：Who did what bybecauseWho did what bybecause不是说每个故事概要都包含 how 或 why，有时两者选其一即可。Directions:Directions:P
10、lease read the following passage and write a summary of it inno moreno morethan 60 wordsthan 60 words.I took a trip to a big lake in Indonesia with my family two years ago.It was reallya huge lake with beautiful scenery all around.People were amazed by the endlessview in front of our eyes.Later on,u
11、nlike other girls,I volunteered to go water-skiingalone.I put on the life jacket,got on the motorboat immediately and started myengine as soon as possible.The lake seemed broad and endless.I was so thrilled(激动)to enjoy my tripamong the mountains and waters that I sped my motorboat.Then,after some ti
12、me,Ifound myself in the middle of the endless lake.A sudden fear came around me.Ididnt know where I was or even how far I had gone from the shore.What was worse,it began to rain and it b ecame very cold and foggy.I rode everywhere but couldntfind my way back.It was useless for me to cry or shout for
13、 help.I was so terrified thatI began to think about all kinds of horrible things.After floating on the waterhelplessly and hopelessly for a long time,suddenly I heard someone calling my name.Soon,a big steamboat sailed to me and they pulled me up to the deck and asked me ifI was hurt.I couldnt say a
14、 word but cried in my fathers arms.材料分析材料分析：根据文本内容，这是一篇故事类的记叙文，要求对其进行概要写作。因此，我们先找出记叙文的六要素：Whentwo years agoWherea trip to a big lake in IndonesiaWho“I,the writerWhatgot lost;was foundWhygo water-skiing alone;too thrilledResultfather came to her rescue列出了要点之后，就可以用自己的话将要点组织起来，概括成一段约 50 词的通顺概要：The pass
15、age tells us the writers experience of adventure.Once the writer was on.a trip to a lake where she went water-skiing alone.She was so excited and enjoyedherself that soon she got lost.Fortunately,her father finally came to her rescue.44words三说明文概要写作要点点拨三说明文概要写作要点点拨说明文体的阅读材料内容大致可分为以下几类：现象揭示类：现象揭示类：Th
16、e article points out the common phenomenon(主题)，which(补充解释)利弊比照类：利弊比照类：The article compares the disadvantages/benefits of A and B.Awhile BThe passage discusses the impact of sth.On the positive side,but it may also研究显示类：研究显示类：The study reveals thatThe purpose of the report is to show thatDirections:D
17、irections:Please read the following passage and write a summary of it inno moreno morethan 60 wordsthan 60 words.A large source of rubbish is packaging material.It often makes up more than 30percent of the total.To understand why this is true,think of the packaging commonlyused for a simple product,
18、such as toothpaste.The packaging includes not only thetube for the toothpaste,but also the box for the tube.Thisbox is put into a plasticwrapper.Then,the boxes are transported in a cardboard container.Most packaging material ends up in a landfill after it is thrown away.Thoughnecessary,landfills tak
19、e up valuable space,often stink发出恶臭,and can leakharmful substances into the soil.Landfills not included,the production of packagingmaterial itself is a major source of air and water pollution.People are now trying to solve the problemscaused by packaging materials.In1991,Germany took the lead by req
20、uiring companies to recycle the packaging usedfor their goods.To do this,the companies set up recycling bins in every neighborhood.Consumers now separate their rubbish into three categories metal,plastic and papercartons.They then put it into the appropriate bin.The rubbish sorted,it is transportedt
21、o a recycling company for processing.The programme worked well at first.However,the amount of rubbish has begunto increase again.One reason for this is that many consumers no longer reduce wastebecause they think the problem is solved.It seems that to properly deal with theproblem of rubbish,everyon
22、e must remain alert and do their part.材料分析材料分析：根据文本内容，这是一篇讲包装材料所带来的问题的说明文，要求对其进行概要写作。因此，我们必须首先弄清每一段落的主要内容是什么。第一段开头第一句话“A large source of rubbish ispackaging material.It oftenmakes up more than 30 percent of the total.是段落的中心句，同时也点明了文章的主题，后面就在以牙膏为例进行举例说明。第二段主要讲的是包装材料所带来的问题，主要包括两方面，一是垃圾进入填埋场后所造成的污染；二是这
23、些包装材料在生产过程中会产生对空气和水的污染。第三段主要在讲人们正在采取措施.解决包装材料所带来的问题，其中第一句“People are now trying to solve theproblems caused by packaging materials.是段落的中心句，后面就在用德国的事情举例说明，政府、制造商和个人采取的措施试图解决包装材料带来的污染问题。第四段开头的 however 至关重要，说明德国的方法尽管起到了一定的作用，但包装材料的污染仍然是一个大问题，我们绝不能放松警惕。弄清了每段的主要内容后，我们就按照概要写作的几个原那么对其进行连接，在连接段落时需要添加必要的连接词使
24、其通顺连贯即可：The article points out the problem of packaging.About one third of rubbishresults from the packaging materials,which cause damage to the environment duringtheir production and after ending in landfills.Though the programs carried out tocombat the problem are temporarily successful,the problem remains a great concern.(50 words).